Wikipedia

Fame (David Bowie song)

"Fame" is a song by the English singer-songwriter David Bowie. It was released on his 1975 album Young Americans and was later issued as the album's second single by RCA Records in June 1975. Written by Bowie, Carlos Alomar and John Lennon, it was recorded at Electric Lady Studios in New York City in January 1975. It is a funk rock song that represents Bowie's dissatisfaction with the troubles of fame and stardom.

"Fame"
Single by David Bowie
from the album Young Americans
B-side"Right"
Released
  • 2 June 1975 (1975-06-02) (US)[1]
  • 25 July 1975 (1975-07-25) (UK)[2]
RecordedJanuary 1975
StudioElectric Lady (New York City)
Genre
Length
  • 4:21 (album version)
  • 3:30 (single version)
LabelRCA
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
David Bowie singles chronology
"Young Americans"
(1975) 		"Fame"
(1975) 		"Golden Years"
(1975)

The song was a major commercial success in North America, becoming Bowie's first number 1 single on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and the Canadian Singles Chart. The song was one of the most successful singles of the year, ranking at number 8 on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100. However, it was less successful in Europe, reaching number 17 in the UK Singles Chart.

In 1990, Bowie remixed the song under the title "Fame '90" to coincide with his Sound+Vision Tour. "Fame" has since appeared on many compilation albums, and was remastered in 2016 as part of the Who Can I Be Now? (1974–1976) box set.

The song is one of four of Bowie's songs to be included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.

Background

edit

With the release of his 1972 album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, Bowie achieved stardom.[8] On that album, Bowie presented his aspirations to become famous in "Star", which also encapsulated the fantasies of "every adolescent dreamer miming into a hairbrush in a suburban bedroom", on top of Bowie's own frustration with not having fulfilled his potential.[9] By the beginning of 1975, "fame" meant a couple of different things to Bowie. It meant not only his stardom, but also impending lawsuits that were the result of the ending of Bowie's relationship with his manager Tony Defries.[10] It also meant an expensive musical theatre project concocted by Defries, titled Fame, that was financed through MainMan, a company that was built around Bowie's fame; the show was an examination of Marilyn Monroe that closed after one night on Broadway and after already flopping off-Broadway.[10] The failure of Fame almost ruined MainMan and was traumatic on Bowie and Defries' relationship.[10]

Bowie would later describe "Fame" as "nasty, angry", and fully admitted that it was written "with a degree of malice" aimed at MainMan. This is supported by biographer Peter Doggett, who writes: "every time in "Fame" that Bowie snapped back with a cynical retort about its pitfalls, he had [Defries] and [Defries's] epic folly in mind," and noted the lyric "bully for you, chilly for me" as the striking example.[10] In 1990, Bowie recalled the song as his "least favourite track on the album"[11] and reflected: "I'd had very upsetting management problems and a lot of that was built into the song. I've left all that behind me, now... I think fame itself is not a rewarding thing. The most you can say is that it gets you a seat in restaurants."[12]

Composition and recording

edit
 
Bowie wrote "Fame" with former Beatle John Lennon, who also contributed backing vocals and guitar.

With the Young Americans sessions mostly concluded by late 1974, the material was delayed while Bowie extricated himself from Defries. Sources differ on how "Fame" came to be in the studio, but both Doggett and Nicholas Pegg write that it was the product of "happy" accidents.[13][14] By late 1974, Bowie was staying in New York City, where he met John Lennon during his "lost weekend" period of estrangement. Shortly after Lennon reunited with his wife Yoko Ono,[15] the pair jammed together, leading to a one-day session at Electric Lady Studios in January 1975. There, Carlos Alomar had developed a guitar riff for Bowie's cover of "Footstompin'" by the Flares, which Bowie thought was "a waste" to give to a cover. Lennon, who was in the studio with them, came up with the hook when he started to sing "aim" over the riff, which Bowie turned into "Fame" and thereafter, according to Marc Spitz, wrote the rest of the lyrics to the song with Lennon.[16][17] However, according to Doggett, Lennon made the "briefest lyrical contributions" that was "enough" to give him co-writing credit.[13] Bowie later said that Lennon was the "energy" and the "inspiration" for "Fame", and that's why he received a co-writing credit.[14] Lennon stated in a 1980 interview: "We took some Stevie Wonder middle eight and did it backwards, you know, and we made a record out of it!"[13][14]

After the group solidified the riff, they emerged with something that was in the hand of "black American music" at the start of 1975: a "cousin" of "Hollywood Swinging" by Kool & the Gang, "The Payback" by James Brown, and "Do It ('Til You're Satisfied)" by B. T. Express.[18] (Later in 1975, Brown released the song "Hot (I Need to Be Loved, Loved, Loved)," whose main riff was borrowed directly from "Fame.") Doggett writes that other potential influences were the 1972 song "Jungle Walk" by the Rascals and the 1974 songs "Pick Up the Pieces" by the Average White Band and "Brighter Day" by Keith Christmas, a friend of Bowie's.[10] Overall, Doggett believes "Fame" resembled "Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)" by Sly and the Family Stone which, like "Fame", is in the funk style with "viciously pointed" lyrics.[19]

"Fame" is a funk rock song[5] that represents Bowie's (and Lennon's) dissatisfaction with the troubles of fame and stardom, including "money-grabbing managers, mindless adulation, unwanted entourages and the hollow vacuity of the limousine lifestyle".[20] Lennon's voice is heard interjecting the falsetto "Fame" throughout the song. Doggett found it "striking" that the falsetto expanded three octaves, from "Yoko Ono soprano" to "Johnny Cash basso profundo".[19] Along with "Fame", Bowie worked with Lennon again when he decided to record a cover of Lennon's Beatles song "Across the Universe"; Lennon played rhythm guitar on the cover.[17] According to Spitz, "Fame" and "Across the Universe" were both last-minute additions to Young Americans.[17] Although Young Americans was mostly co-produced by Tony Visconti, he was not present at the sessions for "Fame";[17] instead, both songs were co-produced by engineer Harry Maslin.[21] In the song, Bowie sings "What you need, you have to borrow" with, according to Spitz, the same "venom" that Jimi Hendrix sang, "Businessmen they drink my wine," on his cover of Bob Dylan's "All Along the Watchtower".[22]

Release and reception

edit

"Fame" was released on 7 March 1975 as the final track on Bowie's ninth studio album Young Americans.[23][24] It was subsequently released by RCA Records (as PB 10320) as the second single from the album in the US in June 1975 and the following month in the UK, with fellow album track "Right" as the B-side.[1][25][26]

"Fame" became Bowie's first song to top the Billboard Hot 100, displacing "Rhinestone Cowboy" by Glen Campbell during the week of 20 September 1975. The following week, "Fame" dropped to number two behind John Denver's "I'm Sorry" for a week, before returning to the top spot for one final week, ultimately being replaced at number one by Neil Sedaka's "Bad Blood". Bowie would later claim that he had "absolutely no idea" that the song would do so well as a single, saying "I wouldn't know how to pick a single if it hit me in the face."[27] Despite "Fame" being Bowie's then-biggest success on the American charts, the song only reached number 17 in the UK Singles Chart.

Cash Box said that "with a scintillating rhythm track and chicken-guitar courtesy of Mr. Lennon, David's versatile voice blends with John's to produce an ethereal dancer with some r&b psychedelia thrown in."[28] Dave Thompson of AllMusic calls the track "a hard-funking dance storm whose lyrics – a hostile riposte on the personal cost of success – utterly belie the upbeat tempo and feel of the song."[29] Following Bowie's death in 2016, Rolling Stone listed it as one of Bowie's 30 essential songs.[30] In 2018, the writers of NME, in their list of Bowie's 41 greatest songs, ranked "Fame" at number 21.[31] In 2016, Ultimate Classic Rock placed the single at number 25 in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best.[32]

"Fame" was used as the soundtrack of an animated music video of the same title, directed by Richard Jefferies and Mark Kirkland while students at California Institute of the Arts. The film, released in 1975, went on to win the Student Academy Award for animation and aired on NBC's The Midnight Special.[33]

The song is one of four Bowie songs to be included in The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll.[34]

A 40th anniversary version of "Fame" was released in 2015 and peaked at number 141 in France.[35]

Live versions

edit

A live performance recorded on 23 March 1976 was included on Live Nassau Coliseum '76,[36] which was released as part of the 2010 reissues of the Station to Station album, on the 2016 collection Who Can I Be Now? (1974–1976),[37] and as a stand-alone album in 2017. Performances from the 1978 Isolar II tour have been released on Stage (1978) and Welcome to the Blackout (2018). A live performance from the Serious Moonlight Tour, filmed on 12 September 1983, was included on the concert DVD Serious Moonlight (1984) and on the live album Serious Moonlight (Live '83), which was part of the 2018 box set Loving the Alien (1983–1988) and was released separately the following year.[38] Live versions recorded during Bowie's 1987 Glass Spider Tour (in Sydney, Australia and Montreal, Canada) were released as part of the Glass Spider concert DVD/CD package. A July 1997 performance at the Phoenix Festival was released in 2021 on Look at the Moon! (Live Phoenix Festival 97). Bowie's 25 June 2000 performance of the song at the Glastonbury Festival was released in 2018 on Glastonbury 2000. An updated version recorded live by Bowie on 27 June 2000 was released on BBC Radio Theatre, London, 27 June 2000, a bonus disc accompanying the first release of Bowie at the Beeb in 2000. A November 2003 live performance from the A Reality Tour is featured on the A Reality Tour DVD, released in 2004, as well as the A Reality Tour album, released in 2010.

Other releases

edit

"Fame" was released as the B-side of the US release of "Beauty and the Beast" in January 1978. It appears on several compilations, including: Changesonebowie (1976);[39] Bowie: The Singles 1969–1993 (1993); The Best of David Bowie 1974/1979 (1998);[40] Best of Bowie (2002);[41] The Platinum Collection (2006);[42] Nothing Has Changed (2014);[43] and Legacy (The Very Best of David Bowie) (2016).[44][45] The 7" single version appeared on The Best of Bowie (1980) as well as on Have a Nice Decade: The 70s Pop Culture Box (1998). Re:Call 2, part of the Who Can I Be Now? (1974–1976) compilation released in 2016, included an attempted reconstruction of the single edit, which has been criticised as inaccurate.[46]

Charts and certifications

edit

Personnel

edit

According to biographer Chris O'Leary:[66]

"Fame '90"

edit
"Fame '90"
 
Single by David Bowie
from the album Changesbowie
Released26 March 1990 (1990-03-26)
Length3:36 (Gass Mix)
Label
  • EMI
  • Rykodisc
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Arthur Baker[67]
David Bowie singles chronology
"Never Let Me Down"
(1987) 		"Fame '90"
(1990) 		"Real Cool World"
(1992)
Music video
"Fame '90" on YouTube

A remixed version of "Fame" was released by EMI in 1990 to coincide with the Sound+Vision Tour, the release of the Changesbowie compilation, and the Pretty Woman soundtrack.[68] Bowie wanted to remix a successful American single for the tour and album release; of the two options ("Let's Dance" and "Fame"), "Let's Dance" was deemed to be too recent. Bowie liked the choice: "It covers a lot of ground, Fame; it stands up really well in time. It still sounds potent. It's quite a nasty, angry little song. I quite like that."[12] For the Sound+Vision tour, Bowie would incorporate elements of Fame '90's "House" mix into the live production.[68]

Regarding the remix, Spitz states: "The best thing you can say about "Fame '90" is that it's much better than the Police's "Don't Stand So Close to Me '86" but far inferior to George Michael's "Freedom! '90".[67] Ultimate Classic Rock called it a "now happily forgotten" remix and placed it at number 104 in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best.[32]

Track listing

edit

Song written by David Bowie, Carlos Alomar, and John Lennon.

US CD single (Rykodisc RCD5 1018)
  1. "Fame '90" (with Queen Latifah) – 4:10
  2. "Fame '90" (House Mix) – 5:58
  3. "Fame '90" (Gass Mix) – 3:38
  4. "Fame '90" (Hip Hop Mix) – 5:58
  5. "Fame '90" (Absolutely Nothing Premeditated/Epic Mix) – 14:25
West Germany maxi CD single (EMI CDP 560-20-3805-2)
  1. "Fame '90" (House Mix) – 5:58
  2. "Fame '90" (Hip Hop Mix) – 5:58
  3. "Fame '90" (Gass Mix) – 3:38
  4. "Fame '90" (Queen Latifah's Rap Version) – 3:10
"Exclusive Changes pack" 7" vinyl single (FAMES 90)
  1. "Fame '90" (Gass Mix) – 3:38
  2. "Fame '90" (Queen Latifah's Rap Version) – 3:10
Limited edition 7" vinyl picture disc (FAME PD 90)
  1. "Fame '90" (Gass Mix) – 3:38
  2. "Fame '90" (Bonus Beat Mix) – 4:45
  • The single was released in a variety of formats: as a 7" single, a cassette single, a 12" single, CD singles and two limited edition releases: a picture disc (featuring the unique "Bonus Beat mix") and a 7" envelope pack that included 3 prints reflecting different phases in Bowie's career and a unique mix of Queen Latifah's mix[69]

Video

edit

Film director Gus Van Sant directed the promotional video for this version, which featured clips from many of Bowie’s previous videos.[69] In the music video, Bowie also performs a dance with Louise Lecavalier, one of the main dancers of the Québécois contemporary dance troupe La La La Human Steps (whom Bowie would collaborate with on the Sound + Vision tour).[70] The US version of the video replaces some of Bowie's music videos for scenes from the movie Pretty Woman.

Chart performance

edit
Weekly chart performance for "Fame '90"
Chart (1990) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[71] 85
Belgium (Ultratop)[72] 22
Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)[73] 69
Ireland (IRMA)[74] 11
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[75] 17
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[72] 16
New Zealand (RIANZ)[72] 32
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[72] 29
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[76] 28
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[77] 6
US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard)[78] 12
West Germany (GfK)[79] 36

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Griffin 2016, chap. 6.
  2. ^ Clerc 2021, p. 228.
  3. ^ Taylor, Steve (2006). The A to X of Alternative Music. Continuum. p. 45. ISBN 0826482171. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 31 July 2013. ...'Fame', a funk workout...
  4. ^ Breithaupt, Don; Breithaupt, Jeff (15 October 1996). "The Sound of Philadelphia: Philly Soul". Precious and Few - Pop Music in the Early '70s. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 59. ISBN 031214704X.
  5. ^ a b Elliott, Paul (30 May 2016). "The Top 20 Greatest Funk Rock Songs". Classic Rock Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 March 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  6. ^ Molanphy, Chris (27 July 2018). "The Feat. Don't Fail Me Now Edition". Hit Parade | Music History and Music Trivia (Podcast). Slate. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
  7. ^ Stanley, Bob (13 September 2013). "It Came From the Suburbs: Marc Bolan and David Bowie". Yeah Yeah Yeah: The Story of Modern Pop. Faber & Faber. p. 332. ISBN 978-0-571-28198-5.
  8. ^ Pegg 2016, p. 616.
  9. ^ Pegg 2016, p. 778.
  10. ^ a b c d e Doggett 2012, p. 276.
  11. ^ Pegg 2016, p. 257.
  12. ^ a b "David Bowie Interview". Q magazine: 60–70. April 1990.
  13. ^ a b c Doggett 2012, p. 275.
  14. ^ a b c Pegg 2016, p. 256.
  15. ^ Cherry 2022, p. 137.
  16. ^ Timothy White's Rock Stars: Hearing Pictures: David Bowie's Sound + Vision (radio interview). 20 May 1990.
  17. ^ a b c d Spitz 2009, p. 249.
  18. ^ Doggett 2012, pp. 275–276.
  19. ^ a b Doggett 2012, p. 277.
  20. ^ Pegg 2016, pp. 256–257.
  21. ^ Visconti, Tony (2007). Tony Visconti: the Autobiography: Bowie, Bolan and the Brooklyn Boy. Harper. pp. 222–224.
  22. ^ Spitz 2009, p. 247.
  23. ^ Young Americans (liner notes). David Bowie. US: RCA Records. 1975. APK1-0998.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  24. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Young Americans – David Bowie". AllMusic. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  25. ^ "Top Single Picks" (PDF). Billboard. 14 June 1975. p. 51. Retrieved 12 January 2023 – via worldradiohistory.com.
  26. ^ O'Leary 2015, p. 499.
  27. ^ Isler, Scott (August 1987). "David Bowie Opens Up – A Little". Musician (106): 60–73.
  28. ^ "CashBox Singles Reviews" (PDF). Cash Box. 21 June 1975. p. 22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2021.
  29. ^ Thompson, Dave. ""Fame" – David Bowie". AllMusic. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  30. ^ Rolling Stone Staff (11 January 2016). "David Bowie: 30 Essential Songs". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 3 December 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  31. ^ Barker, Emily (8 January 2018). "David Bowie's 40 greatest songs – as decided by NME and friends". NME. Archived from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 16 February 2020.
  32. ^ a b "Every David Bowie Single Ranked". Ultimate Classic Rock. 14 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  33. ^ dadsvolunteer (31 October 2016). "David Bowie – Fame – Animated Video (Midnight Special)". Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2018 – via YouTube.
  34. ^ "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 17 March 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2008.
  35. ^ "David Bowie - Fame 40th Anniversary (Chanson)". Lescharts.com. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  36. ^ "Live Nassau Coliseum '76 – David Bowie". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 17 November 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  37. ^ Who Can I Be Now? (1974–1976) (Box set booklet). David Bowie. UK, Europe, US: Parlophone. 2016. 0190295989842.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  38. ^ Loving the Alien (1983–1988) (Box set booklet). David Bowie. UK, Europe, US: Parlophone. 2018. 0190295693534.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  39. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (24 May 2016). "David Bowie: Changesonebowie Album Review". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  40. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "The Best of David Bowie 1974/1979 – David Bowie". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  41. ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Best of Bowie – David Bowie". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 1 April 2019. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
  42. ^ Monger, James Christopher. "The Platinum Collection – David Bowie". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 8 May 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  43. ^ Sawdey, Evan (10 November 2017). "David Bowie: Nothing Has Changed". PopMatters. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  44. ^ Monroe, Jazz (28 September 2016). "David Bowie Singles Collection Bowie Legacy Announced". Pitchfork. Archived from the original on 26 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  45. ^ Trendell, Andrew (28 September 2016). "New David Bowie greatest hits album 'Bowie Legacy' set for release". NME. Archived from the original on 11 August 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  46. ^ Altenburg, Ruud. "David Bowie – Illustrated db Discography > Songs: D-F". www.illustrated-db-discography.nl. Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  47. ^ "David Bowie – Fame" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  48. ^ "David Bowie – Fame" (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  49. ^ "CHUM 30: Week Starting September 27, 1975". CHUM. Retrieved 6 June 2022 – via chumtribute.com.
  50. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 4036a." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  51. ^ "David Bowie – Fame" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  52. ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  53. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – David Bowie" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved October 7, 2023.
  54. ^ "David Bowie – Fame" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  55. ^ "David Bowie – Fame". VG-lista. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  56. ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  57. ^ "David Bowie Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  58. ^ "David Bowie Chart History (Hot Rock & Alternative Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  59. ^ "David Bowie Fame Chart History". billboard.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  60. ^ "Item Display – RPM – Library and Archives Canada". collectionscanada.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 1 August 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2016.
  61. ^ "Jaaroverzichten – Single 1975" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Hung Medien. Archived from the original on 15 February 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2018.
  62. ^ "Number One: Pop – Singles". Billboard. 27 December 1975. p. 10.
  63. ^ Dolgy, Michael (28 February 1976). "RCA's Bowie riding the charts on a musical bi-cycle" (PDF). RPM. p. 12. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  64. ^ "Canadian single certifications – David Bowie – Fame". Music Canada.
  65. ^ "American single certifications – David Bowie – Fame". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  66. ^ O'Leary 2015, p. 426.
  67. ^ a b Spitz 2009, p. 347.
  68. ^ a b Pegg 2016, pp. 87–88.
  69. ^ a b "News," Melody Maker magazine, 24 March 1990, page 3
  70. ^ "Rolling Stone Summer Music Guide 1990", Rolling Stone, p. 3, 1990
  71. ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 39. retrieved 13 September 2020
  72. ^ a b c d Australian-Charts.com David Bowie Fame 90 (Song), archived from the original on 12 November 2013, retrieved 11 November 2013
  73. ^ "Eurochart Hot 100 Singles" (PDF). Music & Media. 21 April 1990. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
  74. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Fame". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved August 11, 2019.
  75. ^ "David Bowie – Fame 90". top40.nl. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  76. ^ Official Charts Company – Fame 90, archived from the original on 12 November 2013, retrieved 11 November 2013
  77. ^ "David Bowie Chart History (Dance Club Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  78. ^ "David Bowie Chart History (Hot Rap Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  79. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – David Bowie – Fame 90" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved August 21, 2020.

Bibliography

edit
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.x.io/w/index.php?title=Fame_(David_Bowie_song)&oldid=1252668675"