Extropianism, also referred to as the philosophy of extropy, is an "evolving framework of values and standards for continuously improving the human condition".[1] Extropians believe that advances in science and technology will some day let people live indefinitely. An extropian may wish to contribute to this goal, e.g. by doing research and development or by volunteering to test new technology.
Originated by a set of principles developed by the philosopher Max More in The Principles of Extropy,[1] extropian thinking places strong emphasis on rational thinking and on practical optimism. According to More, these principles "do not specify particular beliefs, technologies, or policies". Extropians share an optimistic view of the future, expecting considerable advances in computational power, life extension, nanotechnology and the like. Many extropians foresee the eventual realization of indefinite lifespans or immortality, and the recovery, thanks to future advances in biomedical technology or mind uploading, of those whose bodies/brains have been preserved by means of cryonics.[2][3]
Extropy
editThe term extropy, as an antonym to "entropy" was used in a 1967 academic volume discussing cryogenics[4] and in a 1978 academic volume of cybernetics.[5] Diane Duane in 1983 was the first to use the term "extropy" to signify a potential transhuman destiny for humanity.[6] Also published in 1983 was J. Neil Schulman's Prometheus Award winning novel, The Rainbow Cadenza which used the term "extropic" as a type of scale in visual music.[7] "Extropy", as coined by Tom Bell (T.O. Morrow) and defined by Max More in 1988, is "the extent of a living or organizational system's intelligence, functional order, vitality, energy, life, experience, and capacity and drive for improvement and growth."[citation needed] Extropy is not a rigorously defined technical term in philosophy or science; in a metaphorical sense, it simply expresses the opposite of entropy.
Extropy Institute
editIn 1986, More joined Alcor, a cryonics company, and helped establish (along with Michael Price, Garret Smyth and Luigi Warren) the first European cryonics organization, Mizar Limited (later Alcor UK).[8] In 1987, More moved to Los Angeles from Oxford University in England to work on his Ph.D. in philosophy at the University of Southern California.[2]
In 1988, Extropy: The Journal of Transhumanist Thought was first published. (For the first few issues, it was "Extropy: Vaccine for Future Shock".) This brought together thinkers with interests in artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, genetic engineering, life extension, mind uploading, idea futures, robotics, space exploration, memetics, and the politics and economics of transhumanism. Alternative media organizations soon began reviewing the magazine, and it attracted interest from like-minded thinkers. Later, More and Bell co-founded the Extropy Institute (ExI), a non-profit 501(c)(3) educational organization.[2][9] The institute was formed as a transhumanist networking and information center to use current scientific understanding along with critical and creative thinking to define a small set of principles or values that could help make sense of new capabilities opening up to humanity.[citation needed]
In 2006, the board of directors of the Extropy Institute made a decision to close the organisation, stating that its mission was "essentially completed."[10]
See also
edit- Biopunk movement
- Cyborg anthropology
- Democratic transhumanism
- Eclipse Phase, a tabletop game which uses the philosophy in its futuristic setting.
- Effective accelerationism
- Futures studies
- Holism
- Omega Point
- Meliorism
- Negentropy
- Posthuman
- Proactionary Principle
- Russian Cosmism
- Sustainability
- Systems philosophy
- Systems thinking
- Transhumanism
References
edit- ^ a b Max More (2003). "Principles of Extropy (Version 3.11) : An evolving framework of values and standards for continuously improving the human condition". Extropy Institute. Archived from the original on 2013-10-15.
- ^ a b c Regis, Ed (October 1, 1994). "Meet the Extropians". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ Prisco, Giulio (March 4, 2021). "The Extropian Roots of Bitcoin". CCN.
- ^ Cryogenics, IPC Science and Technology Press, vol. 7, pg. 225 (1967)
- ^ Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress of Cybernetics & Systems: "Current Topics in Cybernetics and Systems", pg. 258 (1978)
- ^ Duane, Diane. "The Wounded Sky" (1983)
- ^ Schulman, J. Neil (July 1999). The Rainbow Cadenza. Pulpless.Com. p. 211. ISBN 978-1584451235. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
- ^ "The Alcor Team". Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ "Extropianism". www.mit.edu. January 5, 1996. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
- ^ "Next Steps". Extropy Institute. 2006. Archived from the original on 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2006-05-05.
External links
edit- Kevin Kelly on Extropy - Kevin Kelly at The Technium, August 29, 2009
- "Transhumanism's Extropy Institute - Transhumanism for a better future". Retrieved 1 August 2013.
- "Extropian, Transhuman, and Future Tech Sites". Nanotechnology Now.