Eomurruna is a genus of procolophonid reptile that existed in what is now Queensland, Australia during the Early Triassic period (247-251 Mya). The genus is made up of a single species, E. yurrgensis, originally uncovered within the Arcadia Formation in 1985. Since then over 40 specimens have been referred to the genus, making Eomurruna one of the most complete organisms so far found from the Mesozoic of Australia.[1]
| Eomurruna Temporal range: Early Triassic,
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| Reconstructed skeletal diagram of Eomurruna yurrgensis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Clade: | †Parareptilia |
| Order: | †Procolophonomorpha |
| Family: | †Procolophonidae |
| Subfamily: | †Theledectinae |
| Genus: | †Eomurruna Hamley, Cisneros & Damiani, 2020 |
| Species: | †E. yurrgensis
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| Binomial name | |
| †Eomurruna yurrgensis Hamley, Cisneros & Damiani, 2020
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Discovery and naming
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Eomurruna was originally discovered on the basis of an articulated skeleton (QMF 59501), only missing various digits of each foot, gastralia as well as half of the tail. QMF 59501 was originally collected by Ruth Lane in 1985 within the Arcadia Formation. From here on more specimens would be referred to the genus; today there are over 40 specimens that have been referred to the genus, making Eomurruna one of the most complete and well understood animals from Mesozoic of Australia. It wasn't until 35 years later that the genus would receive a proper scientific description and a name.
The generic name is a combination of the Ancient Greek ἠώς, eos, dawn, and murruna, the name of the extant shingleback skink in the Bidyara language of Queensland. The specific name is derived from the Bidyara yurrga, a hole within the Earth and the Latin suffix ensis meaning "of" or "belonging to" which is a reference to where the majority of specimens have been found.
Description
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Eomurruna represents a small, lizard-like organism, only reaching a length of 175mm. It possessed a very short tail, a long flat body as well as enlarged bulbous teeth, a feature not often seen among procolophonids. Eomurruna represents an intermediate stage between a more primitive tooth pattern seen in owenettids, whereas the lower teeth abduct near the side of the tongue, resulting in no tooth-to-tooth collision between the upper and lower teeth. This trait is seen within most horned procolophonids, as an adaptation for herbivory.[2] Because of this we can say with safety that Eomurruna feed mainly of fibrous, low-lying vegetation as well as (most-likely) occasionally feeding on small invertebrates such as insects.
In four individuals (QMF 6693, QMF 49497, QMF 49508 and QMF 49511) evidence for tooth replacement is present, adding more support for the hypothesis that procolophonids had a low rate of tooth replacement.[3]
Paleoecology
editThe world Eomurruna inhabited was still recovering from the recent Permian–Triassic extinction event, and as a result global biodiversity had remained low throughout much of the Early Triassic.[4] The world at this time was generally a hot and arid Environment, reaching a temperature of 50 °C or even 60 °C at times.[5]
Currently a high diversity of fauna has so far been recorded from the Arcadia Formation that lived alongside Eomurruna. This includes a high diversity of amphibians including 14 genera,[6] the archosauriform Kalisuchus rewanensis,[7] the archosauromorph Kadimakara australiensis,[8] the lizard Kudnu mackinlayi[9] as well as an indeterminate Dicynodont.[10]
There is also evidence of a diversity of indermitae ichnotaxa based on coprolites.[11]
References
edit- ^ Hamley, Tim; Cisneros, Juan; Damiani, Ross (2020). "A procolophonid reptile from the Lower Triassic of Australia". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (2): 554–609. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa056.
- ^ Colbert; Edwin, Harris (1946). "Hypsognathus, a Triassic reptile from New Jersey". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. hdl:2246/390.
- ^ Ivakhnenko, M. F. (1974). "New data on Early Triassic procolophonids of the USSR". Paleontological Journal. 8: 346–351.
- ^ Sahney, S.; Benton, M.J. (2008). "Recovery from the most profound mass extinction of all time". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 275 (1636): 759–65. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.1370. PMC 2596898. PMID 18198148.
- ^ Marshall, Michael (18 October 2012). "Roasting Triassic heat exterminated tropical life".
- ^ M. H, Monroe. "The Triassic Labyrinthodonts of Australia". Australia: The Land Where Time Began. M. H Monroe.
- ^ Thulborn, R. A. (1979). "A proterosuchian thecodont from the Rewan Formation of Queensland". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum. 19: 331–355.
- ^ Alan, Bartholomai (2008). "New lizard-like reptiles from the Early Triassic of Queensland". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 3 (3): 225–234. doi:10.1080/03115517908527795.
- ^ Alan, Bartholomai (2008). "New lizard-like reptiles from the Early Triassic of Queensland". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 3 (3): 225–234. doi:10.1080/03115517908527795.
- ^ Rozefelds, Andrew C.; Warren, Anne; Whitfield, Allison; Bull, Stuart (2011). "New Evidence of Large Permo-Triassic Dicynodonts (Synapsida) from Australia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (5): 1158–1162. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.595858. S2CID 140599970.
- ^ Caroline, Northwood (2005). "Early Triassic coprolites from Australia and their palaeobiological significance". The Journal of the Palaeontological Association. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.595858. S2CID 140599970.
