Wikipedia

Elvis Presley on film and television

"Elvis films" redirects here. For films about Elvis, see Cultural depictions of Elvis Presley.

Elvis Presley was an American star of records, radio, stage and screen whose films won Golden Globe and Golden Laurel Awards. Starting out as a singer who revolutionised popular music, Elvis set his sights on Hollywood and publicly expressed an early career goal of following in the footsteps of his role models James Dean and Marlon Brando to become a top dramatic actor.[1] His manager Colonel Tom Parker's persistent lobbying of William Morris Agency president Abe Lastfogel for a Presley screen test paid off on March 26, 1956, when the singer auditioned at Paramount for a supporting role in The Rainmaker.[2] Although not chosen for the part, he signed a contract with Paramount producer Hal Wallis on April 25 that also allowed him to make films with other studios.[3]

Presley in a publicity photo for Jailhouse Rock
Elvis in a publicity photo for the film Jailhouse Rock in 1957

His feature debut was in Love Me Tender in 1956 for 20th Century Fox, which was the biggest acting debut of all time,[4] with the commercial success of the soundtrack EP being a bellwether for the next three Presley films, Loving You, Jailhouse Rock, and in the acclaimed film noir drama King Creole, which was Elvis' favourite film and he was hailed as the next James Dean.[5] This was the last film Elvis made before he joined the army.

Elvis returned to acting after leaving the army in 1960, with G.I. Blues and a dramatic western Flaming Star. The popularity of his romantic musicals established a formula for the coming years, with Elvis films being credited as the start of the modern music video.[6] His dramatic abilities were praised for his role in Flaming Star which was originally for Frank Sinatra and Marlon Brando, although Elvis got the leading role instead.[7] Praised for his work ethic,[8] this intense western has been compared to Shane.[9]

Elvis experienced incredible success as both a singer and an actor in these years, doing what was and remains unheard of with hit films at the box office, hit singles, and hit albums all at the same time.[10] Elvis holds the unprecedented feat of starring in 17 box office top-ten films between 1956 and 1965, with 17 number one singles and 8 number one albums in the same time period.[11][12] A feat unmatched then and now. Elvis was also landing hit films, singles, and albums all at the same time, in the same calendar year.[13]

Over time, Presley became bitter that his hopes for dramatic roles were not coming to fruition,[14] and after missing roles in West Side Story, Thunder Road, The Defiant Ones, and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.[15] But Elvis was able to mix musical films like Girls! Girls! Girls! with action films, like Kid Galahad. Although Elvis hated Charles Bronson,[16] the tough guy actor who was 5th billed in this modern boxing film and a template for Rocky.[17] Bronson was one of the ten most famous actors to ever have the pleasure of working with Elvis.[18]

Elvis was also praised for his bad boy role in the 1961 drama Wild in the Country, where he has been compared to James Dean in Rebel Without a Cause.[19] Elvis also starred in the high-flying action musical, Fun in Acapulco, which was a smash hit in 1963 and was important in popularising the Latin sounds of South America in new ways.[20] Seen as a classic of the genre[21] this film also helped make Ursula Andress a major star alongside the James Bond adventure Dr. No. Andress had a major crush on Elvis.[22] as his leading ladies always did.

Unfortunately, many of the big stars of the sixties were jealous of Elvis and this is one of the reasons why he stopped working with other leading actors, such as Steve McQueen.[23] Even The Beatles wanted to appear in an Elvis film, but this wasn't considered a good idea.[24] Especially after Elvis showed in the 1964 musical classic Viva Las Vegas that he was a bigger box office attraction than The Beatles were in A Hard Day's Night. Elvis also had a great co-star here with Ann-Margret, who dated Elvis during the film.[25] This film has endured among the most popular movies of 1964.[26]

Elvis' 1965 film Tickle Me, which was a favourite of his, saved the film studio Allied Artists from bankruptcy[27] due to how much money it made with Elvis as the star. Tickle Me was the third highest-grossing film in the studio's history.[28] Allied Artists then went on to win numerous Academy Awards, although Elvis was never credited or thanked. Elvis was also generous enough to reduce his million-dollar salary to just $750,000 to help the studio.[29] There is a belief that Elvis should be awarded a special honorary Oscar for his contribution to cinema.[30][31]

Elvis stated that Clambake was his worst film and began to complain about the deteriorating quality of the films and his belief that his manager's objectives were more monetary than anything else.[32] This resulted in a change to his acting career and a stop to the formula films in 1968, after which Presley starred in the western Charro!, the comedy western Stay Away, Joe, the popular screwball comedy Live a Little, Love a Little and hip modern drama Change of Habit.[33] Although Elvis was still very successful and popular as a singer and actor at this time, with the 1964 hit film Roustabout becoming a favourite of Quentin Tarantino and proving Elvis was still able to compete with new artists of the day when the soundtrack album from this film went to number one on the Billboard 200 during Beatlemania.[34][35]

Stay Away, Joe was a film made with much talent involved[36] and Elvis had big hopes for this exciting film, which was influenced by Paul Newman in Hud and is remembered for its great use of the locations in Sedona, Arizona and being a forerunner to films like Blazing Saddles.[36] Live a Little, Love a Little is fondly remembered today for its modern sensitivity and the exciting use of models and cameos from Elvis' father Vernon Presley and singer Rudy Vallee, the biggest star of the thirties and forties. Elvis also did his own stunts in this film, including driving a dune buggy and a fight inside a newspaper office that influences a similar scene in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies.[37]

Charro! has been called the most convincing acting role of Elvis' career [38] and Change of Habit was a major success that Elvis' manager decided against being considered for Academy Awards, famously saying, "don't go buying no tuxedos."[39][40] Change of Habit is also considered the best final film of any singer turner actor.[41] When this film was released Elvis was back on stage in Las Vegas and showing that he was still able to carry on with a career on stage, on record, and in films and on television all at the same time.

At the expiration of all studio contracts, he returned to live entertaining full-time and soon became the biggest star in Las Vegas history and on tour in America.[42] The two concert documentaries Elvis: That's the Way It Is in 1970 and Elvis on Tour in 1972 were the final theatrical releases for Presley.[43] Both were among the most successful concert documentaries of their day, with Elvis on Tour winning prestige with a Golden Globe award and starting off the career of Martin Scorsese. Whilst Tom Parker opted against Elvis: That's the Way It Is being submitted for Oscars due to the academy's bias against Elvis and because they would try to use his name for ratings and prestige.[44]

Presley was the highest paid actor in Hollywood but said that he did not need money to be successful[45] and that no amount of money was necessary for him to take a good role. His films grossed $284 million[46] and Elvis was paid 50% of those profits,[47] making him the richest actor in Hollywood history.[48] Adjusted for inflation, Elvis films made $2.2 billion.[49] He was also paid $250,000 royalties from each of his 17 soundtrack albums from the movies, giving Elvis $4.2 million. Adjusted for inflation this amounts to $44.3 million from soundtrack album royalties on top of his usual salaries and bonuses. Elvis was in the Top Ten Money Making Stars Poll for seven years, making $1 million per film.[50][51]

Of the many roles Elvis turned down, these included the John Wayne western True Grit. Elvis was asked to play the role that Glen Campbell played, but top billing with John Wayne was contested.[52]

Elvis also wanted to do a screentest for The Godfather and missed out on the leading role in Midnight Cowboy, which was turned down by his manager without Elvis knowing. Elvis was also considered for the leading role in Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory but was busy performing in Las Vegas.[15]

It was expected for Presley to be paid his usual million-dollar salary to star in A Star Is Born. Although interested in the role, Presley was ultimately not hired as Parker believed Presley would not receive top billing, and attempted to negotiate a higher salary and percentage of the film's gross profits.[53] Elvis regretted not making the film because he knew how good he would have been. However, he also knew that this was a vanity project for Streisand and that she would have wanted to look better than Elvis, even though he was the better actor and bigger star. This is considered to be the biggest missed opportunity in cinema history.[54] [55][56] Elvis did decide to produce, write and star a karate film called The New Gladiators, which was a true passion project for the actor and 8th degree black belt, although this remained unfinished at the time of his death and lost out on its classic status.[57]

Over the years and with a reassessment of his acting career, roles in films like Charro!, Wild in the Country, Change of Habit, and Live a Little, Love a Little have led to Presley receiving high praise as an actor.[58][59] Many consider him to have been the best and most successful singer-actor in Hollywood history.[60] Elvis also holds the unique distinction of every single one of his films making money at the box office.[61]

In his remarkable career, Elvis activated film and TV spaces like never before, and because of Elvis Presley, there's a there's a direct thread from Love Me Tender and Jailhouse Rock to the Beatles A Hard Day's Night to Prince's Purple Rain and more.[6] Presley's onscreen innovation also extends beyond cinema: 1973's Aloha from Hawaii via Satellite was revolutionary in that it was the first live satellite broadcast to feature a single performer.

It is well known that the film academy was against Elvis, which is why he was never awarded an Oscar, although this has been reassessed and the success Elvis had in Hollywood remains the benchmark for every singer-turned-actor.[62][63][64][65]

Acting credits

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Television

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as himself
Year Title Notes Ref(s)
1956 Stage Show 6 episodes at the CBS studios in New York City, NY: January 28, February 4, 11, 18, March 17, 24; Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey's show, produced by Jackie Gleason as a lead-in for his show [66]
1956 Texaco Star Theatre 2 episodes: April 3 aboard the USS Hancock in San Diego, CA; June 5 NBC studios Los Angeles, CA [67]
1956 Teenage Dance Party June 16; hosted by Wink Martindale, WHBQ-TV Memphis, TN (interview only) [68]
1956 Hy Gardner Calling July 1 television interview, WRCA-TV, New York City, NY (interview only) [69]
1956 The Steve Allen Show July 1; NBC, New York City, NY [69]
1956–57 The Ed Sullivan Show 3 episodes: September 9, October 28, 1956; January 6, 1957, CBS New York City, NY [70]
1960 The Frank Sinatra Timex Show: Welcome Home Elvis Taped March 26, in Miami, FL; aired on ABC May 12 [71]
1968 Elvis: The 1968 Comeback Special Also known as One Night With You; June taping at NBC Los Angeles, CA; air date December 3 [72]
1973 Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite Kui Lee Cancer Fund benefit concert at Honolulu's Neal S. Blaisdell Center broadcast by NBC world-wide January 14 [73]
1977 Elvis in Concert The last concert tour before Presley died; broadcast by CBS after his death; has never been re-broadcast or officially released on home video [74]

Film

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Year Title Role Studio Notes Ref(s)
1956 Love Me Tender Clint Reno 20th Century Fox First feature film role. Caused a protest among fans at the film's premiere when they learn that Presley's character dies at the end of the film, triggering an alternate ending. Includes the song "Love Me Tender". [75]
1957 Loving You Jimmy Tompkins (Deke Rivers) Paramount Pictures [76]
1957 Jailhouse Rock Vince Everett MGM Added to the National Film Registry in 2004. Title song listed at #24 in AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs.[77] [78]
1958 King Creole Danny Fisher Paramount Pictures Banned in Mexico after a riot ensued at the Las Americas cinema in Mexico City, where the movie had its premiere. Final film before military service. [79]
1960 G.I. Blues Tulsa McLean Paramount Pictures Grammy nominated soundtrack album. Banned in Mexico after a similar riot took place, also at the Las Americas cinema in Mexico City. All further Elvis films banned as a result, with the restriction being lifted in 1971. [80]
1960 Flaming Star Pacer Burton 20th Century Fox A single film still from the film was used by Andy Warhol in 26 of his silkscreen paintings, eight of which are known to have garnered US$375 million at auction and in private sales. The paintings include Triple Elvis and Eight Elvises. [81]
1961 Wild in the Country Glenn Tyler 20th Century Fox [82]
1961 Blue Hawaii Chad Gates Paramount Pictures Grammy nominated soundtrack album [83]
1962 Follow That Dream Toby Kwimper Mirisch Company [84]
1962 Kid Galahad Walter Gulick / Kid Galahad Mirisch Company [85]
1962 Girls! Girls! Girls! Ross Carpenter Paramount Pictures [86]
1963 It Happened at the World's Fair Mike Edwards MGM Filmed at the Seattle World's Fair [87]
1963 Fun in Acapulco Mike Windgren Paramount Pictures Filmed in Acapulco by the 2nd unit crew with Elvis double (without Elvis who was persona non grata in Mexico) in November 1962, with filming resuming in Hollywood in January 1963 at Paramount Studios, with Elvis filming his scenes in studio in front of screen with scenes filmed at the Mexican location. The movie was not shown in Mexico, whose government only lifted its Presley ban in the summer of 1971, when Elvis: That's the Way It Is opened outside the US. [88]
1964 Kissin' Cousins Josh Morgan / Jodie Tatum MGM Featured Presley in a dual role. Filmed after Viva Las Vegas [89]
1964 Viva Las Vegas Lucky Jackson MGM Laurel Award nominated Best Actor. Filmed before Kissin' Cousins [90]
1964 Roustabout Charlie Rogers Paramount Pictures [91]
1965 Girl Happy Rusty Wells MGM [92]
1965 Tickle Me Lonnie Beale / Panhandle Kid Allied Artists Laurel Award winner Best Actor [93]
1965 Harum Scarum Johnny Tyronne MGM [94]
1966 Frankie and Johnny Johnny United Artists [95]
1966 Paradise, Hawaiian Style Rick Richards Paramount Pictures [96]
1966 Spinout Mike McCoy MGM [97]
1967 Easy Come, Easy Go Lt. (j.g.) Ted Jackson Paramount Pictures Filmed after Double Trouble [98]
1967 Double Trouble Guy Lambert MGM Filmed before Easy Come, Easy Go [99]
1967 Clambake Scott Heyward United Artists [100]
1968 Stay Away, Joe Joe Lightcloud MGM Filmed after Speedway [101]
1968 Speedway Steve Grayson MGM Filmed in part at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, NC, with various NASCAR drivers of the day contributing. Filmed before Stay Away, Joe [102]
1968 Live a Little, Love a Little Greg Nolan MGM [103]
1969 Charro! Jess Wade National General [104]
1969 The Trouble with Girls Walter Hale MGM [105]
1969 Change of Habit Dr. John Carpenter Universal Final feature film role. [106]
1970 Elvis: That's the Way It Is Himself MGM Concert documentary [107]
1972 Elvis on Tour MGM Concert documentary, co-winner Golden Globe for Best Documentary 1972 [107]
1974 (released 2002) New Gladiators Karate Expert Cop MGM Film & Documentary
1981 This is Elvis Himself Warner Documentary
2024 The Return of the King: The Fall and Rise of Elvis Presley Himself (archival documentary footage) Netflix Documentary

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Guralnick (1994), pp. 155–156, 443, 323.
  2. ^ Guralnick (1994), pp. 144, 241.
  3. ^ Guralnick (1994), p. 262; Guralnick and Jorgensen 1999, pp. 67, 127.
  4. ^ Byrne, Kerry (2022-11-14). "On this day in history, November 15, 1956, Elvis makes big-screen debut in 'Love Me Tender'". Fox News. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  5. ^ https://www.popmatters.com/elvis-presley-king-creole-film
  6. ^ a b https://grammy.com/news/elvis-presley-graceland-colonel-tom-parker-changed-music-industry-king-rock-roll-innovator-list-las-vegas-love-me-tender
  7. ^ https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2023/03/awards-insider-best-elvis-presley-movies
  8. ^ https://www.womansworld.com/entertainment/movies/best-elvis-movies
  9. ^ https://movieweb.com/elvis-flaming-star-best-western-movie/
  10. ^ https://www.elvispresleymusic.com.au/pictures/1961-february-25.html
  11. ^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2024/09/10/elvis-presley-charts-two-hit-albums-showing-his-fans-diverse-listening-habits/
  12. ^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2024/09/06/elvis-presley-reaches-a-landmark-for-the-first-time-with-one-of-his-no-1-albums/
  13. ^ https://www.graceland.com/1958-1961.
  14. ^ Guralnick 1999, p. 212.
  15. ^ a b Turner, Matthew (2022-06-20). "Elvis Presley as Willy Wonka? The films the King of Rock'n'Roll almost made". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  16. ^ https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/why-elvis-presley-hated-charles-bronson/
  17. ^ https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/1365668/Elvis-Presley-boxing-movie-Kid-Galahad-movie-Mushy-Callahan
  18. ^ https://screenrant.com/movie-actors-worked-with-elvis-presley/
  19. ^ https://www.slashfilm.com/1496807/elvis-movies-ranked/
  20. ^ https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/elvis-presley-latin-mexico-controversy-6663857/
  21. ^ https://www.forbes.com/2002/07/29/0729how/
  22. ^ https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/1839663/Elvis-Bond-girl-Ursula-Andress-Fun-in-Acapulco
  23. ^ https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/films/1608170/steve-mcqueen-elvis-presley-dating-woman-barbara-leigh
  24. ^ https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/the-rock-star-john-lennon-bowed-down-to/
  25. ^ https://www.express.co.uk/entertainment/music/1923526/Elvis-Presley-Ann-Margret-Viva-Las-Vegas
  26. ^ https://www.firstforwomen.com/entertainment/movies-shows/1964-movies
  27. ^ http://www.elvis-history-blog.com/tickle_me.html
  28. ^ https://www.elvis.com.au/movies/tickle-me.shtml
  29. ^ https://www.graceland.com/blog/posts/elvis-presleys-tickle-me-at-50
  30. ^ https://www.elvisinfonet.com/book-review-Elvis-The-Quest-For-An-Oscar.html
  31. ^ https://www.oscarsforlegends.com/
  32. ^ Guralnick 1999, p. 212; Neibaur (2014) pp. 217, 219.
  33. ^ Grove, David (2024-02-03). "Reexamining Elvis's Last (and Worst-Reviewed) Movie before He Died". MovieWeb. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  34. ^ https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/quentin-tarantino-loved-elvis-presley-movie.html/
  35. ^ https://americansongwriter.com/on-this-day-in-1964-the-beach-boys-first-live-album-beach-boys-concert-topped-the-billboard-200-chart/
  36. ^ a b https://www.graceland.com/blog/posts/stay-away-joe-turns-50
  37. ^ https://www.graceland.com/blog/posts/%E2%80%98live-a-little-love-a-little-at-50
  38. ^ Barilla, Lucille (2023-05-24). "Elvis Presley's Most Convincing Acting Role Didn't Require Singing". Showbiz Cheat Sheet. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  39. ^ Gonzales, Dillon (2021-09-15). "'Change Of Habit' Blu-Ray Review - Elvis And A Pack Of Nuns Try To Solve Inner-City Problems". Geek Vibes Nation. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  40. ^ "Interview with William A. Graham Change Of Habit Director | Elvis Articles". www.elvis.com.au. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  41. ^ Tyler, Sage (2019-11-12). "50 Years Ago: 'Change of Habit' Becomes Elvis Presley's Last Film". Ultimate Classic Rock. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  42. ^ "Elvis Presley | International Hotel, Las Vegas | July 31, 1969".
  43. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 271, 305, 321.
  44. ^ Hopkins, Jerry (1970-09-17). "'Don't You Go Winnin' Elvis No Oscars'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  45. ^ McKee, Emma (2024-05-01). "Elvis Said No Amount of Money Could've Made Him Feel Good About His Film Career". Showbiz Cheat Sheet. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  46. ^ Tanenbaum, Ross (2023-03-11). "5 Highest-Grossing Elvis Presley Movies at the Box Office". Showbiz Cheat Sheet. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  47. ^ "Just Like The King's Jumpsuit, The Top 20 Elvis Movies Adjusted For Inflation". finance.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 2024-12-07. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  48. ^ "Did You Know...? Elvis Presley's Movies". www.graceland.com. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  49. ^ https://theconversation.com/elvis-presley-was-paid-a-kings-ransom-for-sub-par-movies-because-they-were-marketing-gold-81586
  50. ^ https://www.graceland.com/1962---1965#:~:text=Elvis%20is%20ranked%20as%20the,money%2Dmaking%20star%20of%201964.
  51. ^ https://parade.com/1400209/anniezaleski/elvis-presley-net-worth/#:~:text=Elvis%20Presley%20earned%20a%20good,thanks%20to%20the%20silver%20screen.
  52. ^ "The Oscar-winning John Wayne movie Elvis Presley rejected". faroutmagazine.co.uk. 2024-10-30. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  53. ^ "Why Elvis Presley Didn't Wind Up in 'A Star Is Born'". Ultimate Classic Rock. 2021-12-18. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  54. ^ https://collider.com/elvis-presley-achieved-movie-stardom-challenges/
  55. ^ https://www.hellomagazine.com/film/730539/priscilla-presley-reveals-elvis-presley-decision-regret
  56. ^ Krisztina, Tatiana (2024-11-16). "Elvis Presley 'regretted' turning down this one Academy Award-winning role". The Mirror US. Retrieved 2024-12-13.
  57. ^ "Review | Elvis Presley: Gladiators DVD | Elvis Reviews". www.elvis.com.au. Retrieved 2024-08-06.
  58. ^ Holland, Tom O'Brien (2024-01-06). "Elvis Presley: Top 10 Movies Ranked Worst to Best". GoldDerby. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  59. ^ "Charro".
  60. ^ "How Elvis Became a Movie Star—By Playing Himself". Biography. 2022-06-03. Retrieved 2024-05-10.
  61. ^ "Elvis' Achievements | Graceland".
  62. ^ "Book Review Elvis: The Quest for an Oscar".
  63. ^ https://www.biography.com/musicians/g46628612/best-musicians-who-played-vegas
  64. ^ https://www.yardbarker.com/entertainment/articles/the_25_best_musicians_turned_actors/s1__29781515#slide_4
  65. ^ https://www.billboard.com/media/lists/musician-movie-performances-top-100-8477854/
  66. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 61–62, 65, 67; Guralnick (1994), pp. 236, 244–246, 249–252, 257.
  67. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 67, 73.
  68. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), p. 75.
  69. ^ a b Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), p. 77.
  70. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 83, 89, 95.
  71. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 151, 154.
  72. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 242–248, 251.
  73. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 319–321.
  74. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen 1999 p. 375.
  75. ^ Guralnick (1994), p. 311; Marsh (1982), p. 241.; "Love Me Tender". AFI Catalog of Featured Films. AFI. Archived from the original on July 28, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  76. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999) p. 96; Guralnick (1994), pp. 344, 370; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  77. ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
  78. ^ "Librarian of Congress Adds 25 Films to National Film Registry". Library of Congress. United States Government. December 28, 2004. Archived from the original on September 29, 2015. Retrieved September 30, 2015.; Knowles (2013), pp. 97–108; Guralnick (1994), pp. 409–410; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  79. ^ In a 1992 interview King Creole co-star Jan Shepard told historian Peter Guralnick that Elvis told her in 1965, "Honey, that was my favorite picture." Guralnick 1999, p. 209; Guralnick (1994), p. 442; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  80. ^ Guralnick (1999), p. 28; Marsh (1982), p. 241; "G.I. Blues". AFI Catalog of Featured Films. AFI. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  81. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 64; Guralnick (1999), p. 78; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  82. ^ Guralnick (1999), p. 84; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  83. ^ Lisanti (2012), p. 60; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  84. ^ Marsh (1982), p. 241; "Follow That Dream". AFI Catalog of Featured Films. AFI. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  85. ^ Marsh (1982), p. 241; "Kid Galahad". AFI Catalog of Featured Films. AFI. Archived from the original on September 20, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  86. ^ Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  87. ^ Neibaur (2014) pp. 120, 123; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  88. ^ Guralnick (1999), p. 141; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  89. ^ Guralnick (1999), pp. 155–159; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  90. ^ Guralnick (1999), pp. 152–153; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  91. ^ Rose (1996), p. 270; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  92. ^ Lisanti (2012), p. 203; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  93. ^ Templeton, Craig (2002), p. 91; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  94. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 184 ; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  95. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 187; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  96. ^ Lisanti (2000) pp. 135–137 ; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  97. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 207; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  98. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 200; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  99. ^ Neibaur (2014) pp. 213–214 ; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  100. ^ Neibaur (2014) pp. 219–220; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  101. ^ Gulick (2006), pp. 143–144; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  102. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 229; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  103. ^ Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999) pp. 239–240; Marsh (1982), p. 241; "Live a Little, Love a Little". AFI Catalog of Featured Films. AFI. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  104. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 242; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  105. ^ Ellroy, Penzler (2011), p. 63; Marsh (1982), p. 241; "The Trouble with Girls". AFI Catalog of Featured Films. AFI. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 14, 2015.
  106. ^ Neibaur (2014) p. 253; (Guralnick (1999), pp. 338–339; Marsh (1982), p. 241.
  107. ^ a b Marsh (1982), p. 241; Guralnick, Jorgensen (1999), pp. 315, 321.

Bibliography

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