Edward Holton James (November 18, 1873 – October 3, 1954) was an American socialist and, later, fascist. He was the nephew of philosopher William James and novelist Henry James.
Edward Holton James | |
|---|---|
 James, circa 1913 | |
| Born | November 18, 1873 |
| Died | October 3, 1954 (aged 80) |
| Resting place | Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, Concord, Massachusetts |
| Alma mater | Harvard |
| Occupation(s) | Lawyer, author |
| Known for | Socialist views and activism |
| Spouse | Mary Louisa Cushing |
| Children | 3 |
| Relatives | William James and Henry James (uncles) |
Biography
editJames was born in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, to Robertson James and Mary Lucinda Holton. He was the nephew of philosopher William James and novelist Henry James. He moved to Concord, Massachusetts, at a young age and lived there for much of his life.[1]
James attended Harvard and graduated in 1896.[1] On December 27, 1899, he married Mary Louisa Cushing,[2] daughter of the Cushing family of Boston. They gave birth to three girls: Olivia, Mary, and Louisa (who later married sculptor Alexander Calder). From 1900 to 1906, James practiced law in Seattle, Washington. Soon after, he moved to France and was publisher of the Paris-based journal The Liberator, which in late 1910 printed an article about King George V that led to the 1911 criminal libel conviction of Edward Mylius.[3]
In 1915, at the outbreak of World War I, James met with various socialists in Berlin. The German authorities took him to the border of Holland and instructed him not to return to Germany, punishable by imprisonment. But, according to his nephew George Vaux,
“By this time, he had developed another principle; namely that no one could tell him that he could not place his foot anywhere on the creator’s earth that he wished. Hence, early one morning before daylight, disguised as a day laborer and pushing a bicycle, but carrying still the two violins, he walked past a drunken sentry on the Belgium frontier and got back to Berlin. He was there for about two weeks before he was again discovered by the police, and rearrested.”
This time, he was not treated with the same restraint and was jailed as a political prisoner for the duration of the war.[4]
In 1927, James took part in a Sacco and Vanzetti demonstration on Boston Common. As one reporter expressed,
"Before Governor Fuller granted a respite to Messrs. Sacco & Vanzetti the streets of Boston contained a number of persons who annoyed the police. Edward Holton James, the nephew of the late famed Philosopher William James and Novelist Henry James, attended a Sacco & Vanzetti mass meeting on the Boston Common. Smartly dressed, neatly barbered, looking more like a distinguished professor emeritus than a boisterous radical nephew, James shouted: 'Down with the police!,' assaulted a bluecoat, was promptly arrested."[5]
In the early 1930s, James wrote two books on Mahatma Gandhi, and In March 1931, he traveled to India to confer with Gandhi and attend sessions of the All India National Congress.
In the 1940s, influenced by the ideas of American fascist writer Lawrence Dennis, James headed a nationalist group called the Yankee Freemen. In 1943, he wrote I Am a Yankee, a book published by the Yankee Freemen Movement. During the 1950s, he and the Duke of Bedford published The Word in Glasgow, edited by Guy A. Aldred.
The worldwide exploits of James are many, but one particular incident speaks to the nature of his character. He was a devoted violinist, often practicing for hours at a time, yet his style of playing was unique. As remembered by his nephew Vaux:
Having very short fingers, he decided that he would develop a whole new system of music for the violin, and therefore cut down the necks of all his instruments, thereby shortening them materially so his fingers could reach the strings more easily…The music which he then subsequently played consisted of very high squeaks and he would practice for hours in his room on these principles which he developed.
As his son-in-law Alexander Calder, too, recalled in his Autobiography with Pictures, “Mr. James used to the play violin atrociously but assiduously.”[6]
James died in Massachusetts at the home of one of his daughters on October 3, 1954.[1] He was interred at Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts.[1]
The Edward Holton James Papers are located at Houghton Library in Cambridge, Massachusetts.[7]
Publications
edit- The Trial Before Pilate (1909)
- Crossroads in Europe: (a word for minorities) (1929)
- Gandhi the Internationalist (1930)
- Gandhi or Caesar? (1930)
- I Tell Everything: The Brown Man's Burden (A Book on India) (1931)
- Jesus for Jews: a History (1934)
- I Am a Yankee (1943)
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Edward James, Stormy World Figure, Is Dead". The Boston Globe. October 7, 1954. p. 28. Retrieved November 23, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ "Marriages". Boston Evening Transcript. December 27, 1899. p. 12. Retrieved November 23, 2022 – via newspapers.com.
- ^ Smith, Robin Callender (March 26, 2012). "The Missing Witness? George V, Competence and Compellability and the Criminal Libel Trial of Edward Frederick Mylius". The Journal of Legal History. 33 (2). University of London: 209–239. doi:10.1080/01440365.2012.698886. SSRN 2037498.
- ^ "James Again Jailed." The New York Times. July 13, 1915. Retrieved 2009-02-23. "Edward Holton James, an American, arrested recently for certain Socialistic propaganda, but later released through the efforts of James W. Gerard, the American Ambassador, on condition that he leave the country, has returned to Berlin and again has been placed in prison."
- ^ "Boston Disturbers." Time. August 22, 1927.
- ^ Calder, Calder: An Autobiography with Pictures (New York: Pantheon Books, 1966), p. 150.
- ^ "Edward Holton James family papers and photographs". harvard.edu. Retrieved November 23, 2022.
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