Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park is a Florida State Park in Wakulla County, Florida, United States. This 6,000 acre (24 km2) wildlife sanctuary, located south of Tallahassee, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and designated a National Natural Landmark.[1]
| Edward Ball Wakulla Springs State Park | |
|---|---|
IUCN category V (protected landscape/seascape) | |
   | |
| Location | Wakulla County, Florida, United States |
| Nearest city | Tallahassee |
| Coordinates | 30°13′58″N 84°17′32″W / 30.23278°N 84.29222°W |
| Area | 6,000 acres(24 km2) |
| Governing body | Florida Department of Environmental Protection |
| Designated | October 1966 |
History
editThe park draws its name from Edward Ball, the DuPont family financial manager who sold the park lands to the state of Florida. He built the lodge in 1937. His trust posthumously sold the tract to the state in 1986.[1]
Paleo Indians are known to have camped at the spring 12,000 years ago, where they hunted mastodons, bison, and other ancient animals. The bottom of the spring bowl is littered with bones of mastodons, giant sloths, giant armadillos, and camels. Glass bottom boat tours no longer operate due to a decrease in water clarity, but standard boat tours of the spring and river operate all year.
Fifty-four archaeological sites have been identified in the park. Excavation of part of the Wakulla Springs Lodge site (8WA329) found successive strata of artifacts from 20th century, Seminole, Fort Walton culture, Weeden Island culture, Norwood culture, Archaic, and Paleoindian occupations.[2]
Features
editThe park has three nature trail systems which lead the visitor through pine forests, bald cypress wetlands and hardwood hammock. Hikers, bicyclists and horse riders are welcome. The wildlife found in the forest includes white-tailed deer, wild turkey, and many other bird species, while American alligators, bass, gar, various snakes, and West Indian manatee (during the winter) populate the springs, swamps, and river.
It contains Wakulla Springs, one of the world's largest and deepest first-order freshwater springs and an exit point of the Floridan Aquifer. Wakulla Springs' highest outflow has been measured at 860,000 U.S. gallons per minute (54 m3/s). The spring's average flow is about 400,000 US gallons per minute (25 m3/s). The opening of the spring is 180 feet (55 m) down, through which cave divers, especially those of the Woodville Karst Plain Project have explored many miles of its underwater tunnels. The spring gives rise to Wakulla River which flows several miles to the south where it empties into the Gulf of Mexico.
Sally Ward Spring and Cherokee Sink are located within the Park, while Leon Sinks Geological Area is nearby and part of the same karst system.
The Park contains the Wakulla Springs Lodge, which functions as a hotel.
Recreational activities
editThe park has such amenities as birding, boat tours (water contamination makes glass-bottomed boat tours now rare[3]), cabins, hiking, horse trails, picnicking areas, snorkeling, swimming, and wildlife viewing. An interpretive exhibit and concessions are also available
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ a b Kleinberg, Eliot (December 19, 2021). "Florida history: State park near Tallahassee is an archaeological – and a modern – marvel". TC Palm. Retrieved December 19, 2021.
- ^ Jones; Tesar: 100, 109
- ^ "Sadly, Glass-Bottom Boat Tours over the spring basin have become the exception rather than the rule in recent years. Tea-stained or green water impedes the penetration of light needed to view the impressive features of the deep chasm of Wakulla Spring", https://www.floridastateparks.org/park-activities/wakulla-springs#Boat-Tours Archived March 27, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved May 20, 2015.
References
edit- Jones, B. Calvin; Louis D. Tesar (June–September 2000). "The Wakulla Springs Lodge Site (8WA329): A Preliminary Report on a Stratified Paleoindian Through Archaic Site, Wakulla County, Florida". The Florida Anthropologist. 53 (2–3): 98–114. Retrieved January 29, 2013.