Wikipedia

Eberhard von Boremski

Eberhard von Boremski (24 September 1914 – 16 December 1963) was a fighter pilot in the Luftwaffe of Nazi Germany during World War II. A flying ace, he was credited with 104 aerial victories—that is, 104 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in roughly 630 combat missions. Boremski was a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. He was killed in an accident in Hamburg on 16 December 1963.

Eberhard von Boremski
Boremski, photo taken during World War II
Born(1914-09-24)24 September 1914
Conow, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Empire
Died16 December 1963(1963-12-16) (aged 49)
Hamburg, West Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1935–1945
RankHauptmann (captain)
Commands12./JG 3
Battles / warsWorld War II
AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Early life and career

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Boremski was born 24 September 1914 in Conow, present-day part of Malliß, near Ludwigslust in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin within the German Empire.[1] He joined the Luftwaffe in 1935,[2] and following flight training,[Note 1] initially served in 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of Trägergruppe 186,[4] which became II. Gruppe (2nd group) of Jagdgeschwader 77 (JG 77—77th Fighter Wing).[Note 2] On 1 March 1940, holding the rank of Unteroffizier (corporal), he was transferred to the newly created 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing), a squadron of III. Gruppe.[5] On 1 March 1940, III. Gruppe of JG 3 was formed at Jena under the command of Hauptmann Walter Kienitz. 7. Staffel was headed by Oberleutnant Erwin Neuerburg, also a former member of JG 77. The Gruppe was initially equipped with the Messerschmitt Bf 109 E-1 and E-3 variant.[6]

World War II

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World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. On 28 March 1940, III. Gruppe of JG 3 was considered operationally ready and transferred to Detmold Airfield where it was tasked with defending Germany's western border during the "Phoney War".[7] On 10 April, the Gruppe relocated to Hopsten Airfield.[8] In preparation for the Battle of France, III. Gruppe was subordinated to Luftflotte 2, supporting Army Group Bs attack into the Netherlands.[8] Boremski claimed his first aerial victory on 29 May during the Battle of Dunkirk when he shot down a Royal Air Force (RAF) Supermarine Spitfire fighter on an early evening mission to the combat area. On 5 June, German forced launched Fall Rot (Case Red), the second phase of the conquest of France. Two days later, III. Gruppe fought in the vicinity of Beauvais where Boremski claimed a French Bréguet 693 ground-attack aircraft shot down.[9] Following the Armistice of 22 June 1940, III. Gruppe was ordered to Dieppe on 29 June where the unit was tasked with patrolling the French coast at the English Channel.[10]

On 30 June, III. Gruppe flew two fighter intercept missions against RAF forces attacking various targets near Lille. Defending against these attacks, Boremski, flying with 7. Staffel, claimed a Hawker Hurricane fighter shot down which was not confirmed.[11] On 1 September, during the Battle of Britain, command of III. Gruppe was transferred to Hauptmann Wilhelm Balthasar when the former commander Kienitz had fallen ill.[12] Boremski shot down the Bristol Blenheim bomber T1794 of No. 139 Squadron RAF on 24 September 1940. The Blenheim was on a mission against E-boats and fell into the English Channel. Squadron Leader M. F. Hendry, Sergeant P. M. Davidson and Sergeant V. Arrowsmith were killed in action.[13] On 15 February 1941, III. Gruppe was ordered to Gütersloh Airfield in Germany for a period of rest and replenishment.[14] At Gütersloh, the Gruppe received a full complement of the then new Bf 109 F-2 variant. On 3 May, III. Gruppe moved back to the English Channel front where it was based at Lillers.[15] There, Boremski claimed his last aerial victory over the RAF on 25 May 1941.[16] On 9 June, III. Gruppe was withdrawn from the west and ordered to transfer to Breslau-Gandau, now known as 'Wrocław Airport' in Poland.[17]

War against the Soviet Union

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On 18 June, III. Gruppe relocated to Moderówka in south-eastern Poland. On 22 June, German forces launched Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. At the start of the campaign, JG 3 was subordinated to the V. Fliegerkorps (5th Air Corps), under command of General der Flieger Robert Ritter von Greim, which was part of Luftflotte 4 (4th Air Fleet), under command of Generaloberst Alexander Löhr. These air elements supported Generalfeldmarschall Gerd von Rundstedt's Heeresgruppe Süd (Army Group South), with the objective of capturing Ukraine and its capital Kiev.[18] Boremski, who was now assigned to 9. Staffel under command of Oberleutnant Viktor Bauer, claimed his first aerial victories on the Eastern Front on 25 June. Operating from Moderówka, he had filed claim for two Potez 63 bombers which were misidentified Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers.[19] On 26 June, III. Gruppe relocated to Hostynne.[20]

 
Boremski sitting on his Bf 109, May 1942.[21][Note 3]

On 6 November, III. Gruppe was withdrawn from the Eastern Front and sent to Mannheim-Sandhofen Airfield for a period of rest and replenishment. The first elements of the Gruppe arrived by train in Mannheim on 8 December, the transfer was completed a week later. There, the personnel was sent on home leave. Following the death of Generaloberst Ernst Udet, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring ordered JG 3 to be given the honorary name "Udet" on 1 December.[25] The Gruppe received a full complement of 41 Bf 109 F-4 aircraft and on 6 January 1942 was ordered to relocated to Sicily. On 13 January, 7. Staffel and elements of 8. and 9. Staffel boarded a train to Bari in southern Italy while the rest of III. Gruppe headed for Sciacca, Sicily. The relocation progressed until 26 January when new orders were received, ordering the Gruppe to return to Germany.[26] At Jesau near Königsberg, present-day Kaliningrad in Russia, III. Gruppe began preparations for redeployment to the Eastern Front.[27]

Supporting German forces fighting in the Demyansk Pocket on 18 February 1942, Boremski claimed a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3 fighter shot down, which may have been misidentified Lavochkin-Gorbunov-Gudkov LaGG-3 fighters.[28] On 3 May 1942, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) for achieving 43 victories.[29] After serving as an instructor with Ergänzungsgruppe Süd in mid 1942, he returned to JG 3. In February 1943, he was made Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 7. Staffel of JG 3.[30] On 7 March, his 7. Staffel was ordered to Dnipropetrovsk where they formed the Deutsch-Königlich Rumänischen Jagdverband (German Royal Romanian Fighter Unit) of Luftflotte 4, in collaboration with the Royal Romanian Air Force. Boremski was placed in command of this unit.[31][32] Boremski served in these roles until 30 May 1943, when he was wounded on account of his Bf 109 G-2 (Werknummer 14808—factory number) suffering engine failure resulting in a forced landing 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Kamianske.[33] Consequently, he was succeeded by Hauptmann Karl-Heinz Langer as commander of 7. Staffel.[34]

Later war service

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On 7 August 1943 following his convalescence, Boremski was posted to Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost (EJGr Ost—Supplementary Fighter Group, East), a specialized training unit for new fighter pilots destined for the Eastern Front, where he served as a fighter pilot instructor.[1] Here, he was awarded the German Cross in Gold (Deutsches Kreuz in Gold) on 23 August.[5]

On 24 February 1944, Oberleutnant Herbert Kutscha, the commander of 12. Staffel of JG 3 was wounded in combat. In consequence, Boremski took command of the Staffel the following day.[35] On 11 April, Boremski flying Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 162585) was wounded following a mid-air collision west of Anklam with Gefreiter Horst Witzler from 10. Staffel. Although both pilots bailed out, command of 12. Staffel was transferred to Leutnant Hans Rachner.[36]

From September 1944 to November 1944, Boremski led 1. Staffel of Jagdgruppe Ost and then 9. Staffel of Ergänzungs-Jagdgeschwader 1 (EJG 1—1st Supplementary Fighter Wing).[37] In January 1945, Boremski was credited with his 100th aerial victory. He was the 97th Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.[38]

Later life

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After the German surrender, Boremski was handed over by U.S. troops in Czechoslovakia to the Soviet armed forces, and he remained a prisoner of war until 1955. He died in an accident in Hamburg on 16 December 1963.[39][37]

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

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According to US historian David T. Zabecki, Boremski was credited with 104 aerial victories.[40] Obermaier also lists Boremski with 104 aerial victories claimed on 630 combat missions. This figure includes 100 claims on the Eastern Front, and four on the Western Front.[1] Author Spick lists him with 90 aerial victories.[41] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and state that he claimed at least 88 aerial victories, plus two unconfirmed claims. Four of his aerial victories were claimed on the Western Front, the others on the Eastern Front. The authors indicate that he probably claimed further aerial victories with EJG 1 which cannot be verified through the archives.[42]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 4932". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[43]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the – (dash) indicates unconfirmed aerial victory claims for which Boremski did not receive credit.
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 –[5]
Battle of France — 10 May – 25 June 1940
1 29 May 1940 18:45 Spitfire Dunkirk[44] 2 7 June 1940 12:05 Bréguet 693 Poix/Auraines[44]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 –[Note 4]
At the Channel and over England — June 1940
—
 30 June 1940
—
 Hurricane[45]
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 –[5]
At the Channel and over England — September 1940 – 9 June 1941
3 24 September 1940 14:05 Blenheim[46] 4 25 May 1941 07:55?[Note 5] Hurricane west of Calais[46]
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 –[5]
Operation Barbarossa — 22 June – 6 November 1941
5 25 June 1941 07:40 Potez 63[47] 16 12 July 1941 10:28 DB-3[48]
6 25 June 1941 07:45 Potez 63[47] 17 13 July 1941 11:12 DB-3[49]
7 29 June 1941 17:40 PZL.37[50] 18 13 July 1941 11:13 DB-3[49]
8 30 June 1941 12:10 TsKB-19?[Note 6] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Ostroh[50] 19 14 July 1941 07:05 I-16[49]
9 30 June 1941 12:15 TsKB-19?[Note 6] 10 km (6.2 mi) east of Ostroh[50] 20 2 August 1941 17:25 TsKB-19?[Note 6][51]
10 1 July 1941 14:20 V-11 (Il-2) east of Rivne[52] 21 11 August 1941 12:04 SB-3[53]
11 10 July 1941 17:00 I-15[52] 22 11 August 1941 12:05 SB-3[53]
12 10 July 1941 17:05 V-11 (Il-2)[52] 23 11 August 1941 12:06 SB-3[53]
13 11 July 1941 15:50 I-16 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Makariv[48] 24 20 August 1941 16:42 DB-3[53]
14 11 July 1941 15:52 I-16 40 km (25 mi) southeast of Makariv[48] 25?[Note 7] 18 September 1941 14:40 R-5
15 12 July 1941 10:25 DB-3[48]
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[55]
Eastern Front — 10 February – 14 April 1942
26 15 February 1942 10:55 R-5[56] 35 17 March 1942 10:30 I-301 (LaGG-3)[54]
27 18 February 1942 14:50 I-61 (MiG-3)[56] 36 17 March 1942 14:05 I-301 (LaGG-3)[54]
28 19 February 1942 10:00 Pe-2[56] 37 20 March 1942 11:55?[Note 8] I-301 (LaGG-3)[54]
29 3 March 1942 10:20 U-2[58] 38?[Note 7] 22 March 1942 11:55 Il-2
30 7 March 1942 09:50 I-61 (MiG-3)[58] 39 22 March 1942 13:15 Il-2[54]
31 7 March 1942 15:10 I-61 (MiG-3)[58] 40 28 March 1942 12:10 I-61 (MiG-3)[54]
32 13 March 1942 11:35 R-10 (Seversky)[58] 41 28 March 1942 16:25 I-61 (MiG-3)[54]
33 15 March 1942 16:15 I-301 (LaGG-3)[54] 42 1 April 1942 10:30 I-61 (MiG-3)[59]
34 16 March 1942 10:00 I-301 (LaGG-3)[54] 43 1 April 1942 15:12 Il-2 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of Staraya Russa[59]
– 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[5]
Eastern Front — 19 May – July 1942
44 19 May 1942 10:03 DB-3[60] 59 30 June 1942 06:52 Il-2 south of Kshen[61]
45 20 May 1942 04:55 I-61 (MiG-3)[60] 60 30 June 1942 06:53 Il-2 east of Kshen[61]
46 20 May 1942 09:30 I-61 (MiG-3)[60] 61 1 July 1942 19:11 Il-2 north of Kshen[61]
47 20 May 1942 11:55 Il-2 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Kharkov[60] 62 9 July 1942 11:15 Il-2 Voronezh[62]
48 21 May 1942 17:25 I-61 (MiG-3)[60] 63 9 July 1942 11:16 Il-2 Voronezh[62]
—
 21 May 1942
—
 I-61 (MiG-3)[60] 64 10 July 1942 04:00 MiG-1 Voronezh[62]
49 22 May 1942 09:40 I-61 (MiG-3) 20 km (12 mi) east of Stary Saltov[60] 65 10 July 1942 04:10 MiG-1 Voronezh[62]
50 22 May 1942 17:00 Il-2[60] 66 14 July 1942 07:55 MiG-1 Millerovo[62]
51 23 May 1942 05:25 Il-2 30 km (19 mi) east of Ternowaja[60] 67 16 July 1942 18:16 P-40 Tischkina[63]
52 26 May 1942 18:55 Il-2 15 km (9.3 mi) east of Balakliia[60] 68 16 July 1942 18:35 P-40 Ignatow[63]
53 27 May 1942 15:50 Pe-2 20 km (12 mi) southeast of Balakliia[60] 69 22 July 1942 05:55 LaGG-3 Korskaja[63]
54 27 May 1942 16:00 MiG-1 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Savyntsi[60] 70 22 July 1942 05:58 LaGG-3 Korskaja[63]
55 27 May 1942 16:02 MiG-1 5 km (3.1 mi) southeast of Savyntsi[60] 71 24 July 1942 10:50 Il-2 southeast of Popow[63]
56 10 June 1942 12:50 Il-2[64] 72 24 July 1942 10:52 Il-2 southeast of Popow[63]
57 14 June 1942 14:15 LaGG-3[64] 73 24 July 1942 10:54 Il-2 southeast of Popow[63]
58 30 June 1942 06:50 Il-2[61] 74 25 July 1942 10:51 Hurricane southeast of Kalach[63]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[65]
Eastern Front — December 1942 – 3 February 1943
75 2 December 1942 10:03 Il-2 PQ 4932[66]
south of Borodajewka 		79 8 December 1942 10:15 P-40 PQ 3937[66]
76 2 December 1942 10:10 MiG 3 PQ 4933[66]
south of Borodajewka 		80 11 December 1942 13:50 LaGG-3 3 km (1.9 mi) north of Chir train station[66]
77 8 December 1942 09:57 P-40 PQ 3959[66] 81 12 December 1942 10:26 LaGG-3 PQ 2943[66]
78 8 December 1942 10:03?[Note 9] P-40 PQ 3935[66]
– 7. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet" –[67]
Eastern Front — 4 February – 31 May 1943
82 11 February 1943 12:30 Boston 3 km (1.9 mi) northeast of Artemivsk[68] 86 22 April 1943 17:10 Il-2 m.H.[Note 10][69]
83 24 February 1943 14:50 LaGG-3 2 km (1.2 mi) west of Krischtepovka[68] 87 22 April 1943 17:45 La-5[69]
84 5 April 1943 08:05 LaGG-3 5 km (3.1 mi) north of Izium[70] 88 24 April 1943 09:05 R-5 south of Pesski[70]
85 22 April 1943 17:05 Il-2 m.H.[Note 10][69]

Awards

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Notes

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  1. ^ Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations.[3]
  2. ^ For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
  3. ^ The picture was taken at Straubing between 13 and 16 May 1942 prior to the deployment to Chuguev. 9. Staffel had just received factory new Bf 109 F-4 (Werknummer 13220) aircraft at Wiesbaden-Erbenheim Airfield.[22][23][24]
  4. ^ According to Mathews and Foremann, with 9. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 3.[5]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 07:45.[5]
  6. ^ a b c According to Mathews and Foreman a DB-3.[5]
  7. ^ a b This claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, and Bock.[53][54]
  8. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 13:15.[57]
  9. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:30.[57]
  10. ^ a b The "m.H." refers to an Ilyushin Il-2 with rear gunner (mit Heckschütze).
  11. ^ According to Scherzer as pilot in the 9./Jagdgeschwader 3 "Udet".[39]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Obermaier 1989, p. 92.
  2. ^ a b Dixon 2023, p. 181.
  3. ^ Bergström, Antipov & Sundin 2003, p. 17.
  4. ^ Prien 1992, p. 119.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 128.
  6. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 1.
  7. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 1, 3.
  8. ^ a b Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 3.
  9. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 24–25, 474.
  10. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 25, 36.
  11. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 36, 474.
  12. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 41.
  13. ^ Donnelly 2004, p. 165.
  14. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 49.
  15. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 91.
  16. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 476.
  17. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 93.
  18. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 105, 107.
  19. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 108, 476–477.
  20. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 110.
  21. ^ Weal 2007, p. 51.
  22. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 214–215.
  23. ^ Page 2020, p. 104.
  24. ^ Weal 2001, p. 90.
  25. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 122–123.
  26. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, pp. 150, 152.
  27. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 152.
  28. ^ Bergström & Mikhailov 2001, pp. 86, 88.
  29. ^ Weal 2013, p. 37.
  30. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 442.
  31. ^ Bérnad 2012, p. 28.
  32. ^ Prien & Stemmer 1996, p. 204.
  33. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 136.
  34. ^ Prien et al. 2012, p. 124.
  35. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 71, 331.
  36. ^ Prien 1996, pp. 99–100, 338.
  37. ^ a b Dixon 2023, p. 182.
  38. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 243.
  39. ^ a b Scherzer 2007, p. 235.
  40. ^ Zabecki 2019, p. 331.
  41. ^ Spick 1996, p. 235.
  42. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 128–130.
  43. ^ Planquadrat.
  44. ^ a b Prien et al. 2001, p. 175.
  45. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 244.
  46. ^ a b Prien et al. 2002, p. 247.
  47. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 137.
  48. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2003, p. 141.
  49. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 142.
  50. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 138.
  51. ^ Prien et al. 2003, p. 146.
  52. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 140.
  53. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2003, p. 147.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h i Prien et al. 2005, p. 35.
  55. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 128–129.
  56. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2005, p. 33.
  57. ^ a b Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 129.
  58. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2005, p. 34.
  59. ^ a b Prien et al. 2005, p. 36.
  60. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Prien et al. 2006, p. 214.
  61. ^ a b c d Prien et al. 2006, p. 216.
  62. ^ a b c d e Prien et al. 2006, p. 217.
  63. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2006, p. 218.
  64. ^ a b Prien et al. 2006, p. 215.
  65. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, pp. 129–130.
  66. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2006, p. 227.
  67. ^ Mathews & Foreman 2014, p. 130.
  68. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 127.
  69. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2012, p. 134.
  70. ^ a b Prien et al. 2012, p. 128.
  71. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 140.
  72. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 52.

Bibliography

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Mikhailov, Andrey (2001). Black Cross / Red Star Air War Over the Eastern Front, Volume II, Resurgence January–June 1942. Pacifica, California: Pacifica Military History. ISBN 978-0-935553-51-2.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]; Antipov, Vlad; Sundin, Claes (2003). Graf & Grislawski – A Pair of Aces. Hamilton MT: Eagle Editions. ISBN 978-0-9721060-4-7.
  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  • Bérnad, Dénes (2012) [2003]. Rumanian Aces of World War 2. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-535-8.
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  • Donnelly, Larry (2004). The Other Few: The Contribution Made by Bomber and Coastal Aircrew to the Winning of the Battle of Britain. Walton on Thames: Red Kite / Air Research. ISBN 978-0-9546201-2-7.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2014). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 1 A–F. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-18-9.
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  • Page, Neil (2020). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe 1939–42. Philadelphia, PA: Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-61200-849-3.
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  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard (1996). Messerschmitt Bf 109 im Einsatz bei der III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945 [Messerschmitt Bf 109 in Action with the III./Jagdgeschwader 3 in 1940 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-33-5.
  • Prien, Jochen (1996). IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronik einer Jagdgruppe—1943 – 1945 [IV./Jagdgeschwader 3—Chronic of a Fighter Group—1943 – 1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-36-6.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-63-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 6/I—Unternehmen "BARBAROSSA"—Einsatz im Osten—22.6. bis 5.12.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 6/I—Operation "BARBAROSSA"—Action in the East—22 June to 5 December 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-69-4.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2005). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/I—Winterkampf im Osten—6.12.1941 bis 30.4.1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/I—Winter War in the East—6 December 1941 to 30 April 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-76-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2006). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 9/II—Vom Sommerfeldzug 1942 bis zur Niederlage von Stalingrad—1.5.1942 bis 3.2.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 9/II—From the 1942 Summer Campaign to the Defeat at Stalingrad—1 May 1942 to 3 February 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-77-9.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2012). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 12/I—Einsatz im Osten—4.2. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 12/I—Action in the East—4 February to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Buchverlag Rogge. ISBN 978-3-942943-02-4.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Spick, Mike (1996). Luftwaffe Fighter Aces. New York: Ivy Books. ISBN 978-0-8041-1696-1.
  • Weal, John (2001). Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 37. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84176-084-1.
  • Weal, John (2007). More Bf 109 Aces of the Russian Front. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 76. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-177-9.
  • Weal, John (2013). Aces of Jagdgeschwader 3 'Udet'. Aircraft of the Aces. Vol. 116. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78096-300-6.
  • Zabecki, David T., ed. (2019). The German War Machine in World War II. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-44-086918-1.
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