Donato Mármol (February 14, 1843 - June 26, 1870) was a Cuban revolutionary and general who played a key role in the Ten Years' War in Cuba.
Donato Mármol | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Birth name | Donato Mármol y Tamayo |
| Born | February 14, 1843 Bayamo, Oriente Province, Captaincy General of Cuba, Spanish Empire |
| Died | June 26, 1870 (aged 27) Palma Soriano, Oriente Province, Captaincy General of Cuba, Spanish Empire |
| Allegiance |  Cuba |
| Service | Cuban Liberation Army |
| Years of service | 1868-1870 |
| Rank | Major General |
| Battles / wars | |
Early life
editDonato Benjamín del Mármol y Tamayo was born in Bayamo, Spanish Cuba on February 14, 1843.[1] His father, a Venezuelan native and captain in the Spanish Army, moved with his family to Santiago de Cuba, where Donato finished his education.[2]
Ten Years' War
editMármol was involved in early revolutionary meetings, including one led by Carlos Manuel de Céspedes in September 1868, where he acted as the leader of Jiguaní.[3]
Following Céspedes' Cry of Yara on October 10, 1868, Donato Mármol joined the war of independence against Spain. The revolutionary uprising spread rapidly throughout Eastern Cuba.
Acting as the associate leader under Calixto García, Mármol led 150 men from town to town on October 13, 1868, driving the insurrection.[4] They attacked the towns of Santa Rita and Baire, then seized Jiguaní, capturing the governor in the process.[5][6] By October 19, 1868, his forces captured Bayamo, which then became the location of the revolutionary government.[7] The Màrmol column seized weapons from the Spanish Troops in the Bayamo garrison.[8]
Battle of Pino de Baire
editOn October 25, 1868, he engaged in the Battle of Pino de Baire in Baire, Oriente Province. He commanded a force of mambises with Gen. Maximo Gomez as his second-in-command against the Spanish troops of Col. Demetrio Quirós Weyler who was sent to recapture Bayamo.[9] Quirós was eventually forced to retreat to Santiago de Cuba.[10]
Donato Mármol and Félix Figueredo attacked El Cobre in Santiago de Cuba in November 1868, though their effort failed. Shortly after, Gen. Mármol directed Figueredo to take control of the plaza, which had been deserted by the Spanish.[11]
Mármol's forces had been called from Santiago de Cuba to Bayamo in January 1869 to prevent Blas Villate, Count of Valmaseda's march on Bayamo.[12] The Cuban defeat at the Battle of El Salado led to the burning and abandonment of Bayamo by the Cubans.[13] Revolutionary discord peaked with Mármol's self-proclamation as Dictator, but Francisco Vicente Aguilera's intervention at a meeting in Tacajó on January 29, 1869, stabilized the movement.[14]
Upon Céspedes's presidency in April 1869, Mármol was assigned as a general in the Manuel de Quesada-led Cuban Liberation Army. Mármol led the 1st Brigade of Santiago de Cuba, part of the 2nd Division, Army of Oriente under Maj. Gen. Thomas Jordan.[15]
Death
editDonato Mármol died from cerebral fever on June 26, 1870, in the Baraguá camp, and was buried at the San Felipe Estate near the Cauto River in Palma Soriano.[16][17]
Mármol's command in the Cuban Liberation Army was taken over by General Máximo Gómez.[18]
References
edit- ^ Pirala, A. (1895). Anales de la guerra de Cuba: (863 p., [26] h. de lám. col.). Spain: Felipe González Rojas.
- ^ The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year .... (1871). United States: D. Appleton.
- ^ The War with Spain and Story of Spain and Cuba. (1898). United States: International News and Book Company.
- ^ The Cyclopedic Review of Current History. (1898). United States: Evening News Association.
- ^ Williams, B. (1969). Cuba: the Continuing Revolution. United States: Parents' Magazine Press.
- ^ Maciás, J. M. (1871). Cuba in Revolution: A Statement of Facts. United Kingdom: Head, Hole & Company.
- ^ Martí, J. (1977). Our America: Writings on Latin America and the Struggle for Cuban Independence. United Kingdom: Monthly Review Press.
- ^ Segovia, A. M. (1881). Figuras y figurones: biografias de los hombres qu mas figuran actualmente así en la política como en las armas, ciencias, artes, magistratura, alta banca, etc. Spain: E. Jaramillo.
- ^ Walker, J. M. (1875). Life of Capt. Joseph Fry, the Cuban Martyr: Being a Faithful Record of His Remarkable Career from Childhood to the Time of His Heroic Death at the Hands of Spanish Executioners; Recounting His Experience as an Officer in the U. S. and Confederate Navies, and Revealing Much of the Inner History and Secret Marine Service of the Late Civil War in America. United States: J. B. Burr publishing Company.
- ^ Carbonell, J. M. (1928). Evolución de la cultura cubana (1608-1927): La prosa en Cuba. United States: El Siglo XX.
- ^ Concurso internacional para la erección de un monumento a la memoria del mayor general del ejército libertador, generalísimo de sus fuerzas, Máximo Gómez y Báez. (1917). Cuba: (n.p.).
- ^ Chao, R. E. (2009). Baraguá: Insurgents and Exiles in Cuba and New York During the Ten Year War on Independence (1868-1878). United States: Dupont Circle Editions.
- ^ Jaques, T. (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity Through the Twenty-first Century [3 Volumes]. United States: Bloomsbury Publishing.
- ^ Astolpho, oder, Die Räuberhöhle. (1804). Germany: Bey Karl Christoph Stiller.
- ^ "Revista | Cuban Genealogical Society" (PDF). cubagenweb.org. Retrieved 2024-07-27.
- ^ Mayor general Máximo Gómez Báez: sus campañas militares. (1986). Cuba: Editora Política.
- ^ Sánchez Guerra, J., Campos Cremé, W. d. J. (1996). Los ecos de la demajagua en el alto oriente cubano. Cuba: Colección La Fama.
- ^ Griñán Peralta, L. (1954). Maceo, análisis caracterológico. Cuba: Editorial Sánchez.
