Diorhabda meridionalis

Diorhabda meridionalis; Southern Tamarisk Beetle
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Chrysomelidae
Genus:	Diorhabda
Species:	D. meridionalis
Binomial name
	Diorhabda meridionalis; Berti & Rapilly, 1973
Synonyms
	Diorhabda carinulata meridionalis (Berti & Rapilly, 1973)

Diorhabda meridionalis is a species of leaf beetle known as the southern tamarisk beetle (SoTB) which feeds on tamarisk trees from Syria to western and southern Iran and southern Pakistan.^[1] The SoTB may have potential for use in North America as a biological pest control agent against saltcedar or tamarisk (Tamarix spp.), an invasive species in arid and semi-arid ecosystems (where it might be less accurately referred to along with its closely related sibling species as the 'saltcedar beetle', 'saltcedar leaf beetle', 'salt cedar leaf beetle', or 'tamarisk leaf beetle') (Tracy and Robbins 2009).

Taxonomy

The SoTB was first described from Minab, Iran as the subspecies Diorhabda carinulata meridionalis Berti and Rapilly (1973). Tracy and Robbins (2009) recognized Diorhabda meridionalis Berti and Rapilly as a separate species from Diorhabda carinulata (Desbrochers) based on comparisons of the male and female genitalia, and provided illustrated taxonomic keys separating the SoTB from the four other sibling species of the D. elongata (Brullé) species group: Diorhabda elongata (Brullé), Diorhabda carinata (Faldermann), Diorhabda sublineata (Lucas), and Diorhabda carinulata. (For additional information, see Wikispecies: Diorhabda meridionalis.)

Host plants

Field collections in Iran reveal that the SoTB feeds on an unidentified species of tamarisk.^[2] Further field collections are needed to identify which tamarisk species serve as hosts.

Life cycle

The life cycle of the SoTB has not been studied, but it is probably similar to that of the closely related northern tamarisk beetle, Diorhabda carinulata.

Biological control agent

The SoTB might be able to serve as an effective biological control agent for tamarisk in North America. Laboratory host range studies are needed to verify that SoTB is a specialist feeder on tamarisks. The SoTB may be better adapted to subtropical desert habitats of south and west Texas than other Old World tamarisk beetles that are being introduced, such as the Mediterranean tamarisk beetle, Diorhabda elongata. The northern tamarisk beetle, Diorhabda carinulata, is probably better adapted to northern cold deserts in North America where it is widely established, and the larger tamarisk beetle, Diorhabda carinata, is probably better adapted to warm temperate grasslands and deserts. The subtropical tamarisk beetle, Diorhabda sublineata, is probably better adapted to subtropical Mediterranean and subtropical interior desert habitats (Tracy and Robbins 2009). (See articles on other tamarisk beetles listed above for additional information on biological control.)

References

Berti, N.; Rapilly, M. 1973: Contribution a la faune de l’Iran; Voyages de MM. R. Naviaux et M. Rapilly (Col. Chrysomelidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 9(4): 861–894. (In French)
Tracy, J.L.; Robbins, T.O. 2009: Taxonomic revision and biogeography of the Tamarix-feeding Diorhabda elongata (Brullé, 1832) species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae: Galerucini) and analysis of their potential in biological control of Tamarisk. Zootaxa, 2101: 1-152. PDF

Notes

^ Tracy and Robbins (2009) provide a detailed review of the distribution, biogeography, biology, and taxonomy of D. meridionalis that is a general source for most of this article.
^ Tracy and Robbins 2009

External links

Data related to Diorhabda meridionalis at Wikispecies
Media related to Diorhabda meridionalis at Wikimedia Commons
Texas Agri-Life Extension Leaflet; Biological Control of Saltcedar (regards use of other tamarisk beetle species). PDF^{[permanent dead link]}
Texas Agri-Life Research and Extension Program; Biological Control of Saltcedar: Using Natural Enemies to Combat an Invasive Weed Competing with Texas' Water Resources (regards use of other tamarisk beetle species). PDF
USDA Agricultural Research Service and Texas Agri-Life Research and Extension Service Report of Information to the Public; Progress on Biological Control of Saltcedar in the Western U.S.: Emphasis -- Texas 2004-2009. PDF^{[permanent dead link]}

[Tracy-1] Tracy and Robbins (2009) provide a detailed review of the distribution, biogeography, biology, and taxonomy of D. meridionalis that is a general source for most of this article.

[2] Tracy and Robbins 2009

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