Didymoplexis pallens, commonly known as crystal bells[2] or 双唇兰 (shuang chun lan),[3] is a leafless terrestrial mycotrophic orchid in the family Orchidaceae. It has up to fifteen small, white, pinkish or brownish flowers on a fleshy yellow flowering stem. The flowers open one at a time, remaining open for a short time. Crystal bells is widely distributed in Asia, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia and some Pacific Islands.
| Crystal bells | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Tribe: | Gastrodieae |
| Genus: | Didymoplexis |
| Species: | D. pallens
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| Binomial name | |
| Didymoplexis pallens | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Description
editDidymoplexis pallens is a leafless, terrestrial mycotrophic herb that has a fleshy rhizome and a fleshy yellow flowering stem 60–250 mm (2–10 in) tall. There are between five and fifteen resupinate white, pinkish or brownish flowers 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) wide but only one or two short-lived flowers are open at a time. The flowers are bell-shaped with the sepals and petals similar in size and shape and fused for about half their length. The labellum is wedge-shaped, 6–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long and 9–10 mm (0.35–0.39 in) wide with the side curved upwards. There are two or three irregular rows of calli along the midline of the labellum. Plants appear with the first rains of the wet season and flowers from November to March in Australia and from April to May in China.[2][3][4][5][6]
Taxonomy and naming
editDidymoplexis pallens was first described in 1844 by William Griffith from a specimen collected from a bamboo forest near Calcutta and the description was published in the Calcutta Journal of Natural History.[7][8]
Distribution and habitat
editCrystal bells grows in rainforests, grassy forest and bamboo forest China, Taiwan, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam, Australia including Christmas island and islands of the southwest Pacific. In Australia it occurs on the Cape York Peninsula as far south as Cardwell, on some Torres Strait Islands, in northern parts of the Northern Territory and in the Kimberley region of Western Australia.[2][3][5][9][10]
Conservation
editDidymoplexis pallens is classified in Western Australia as "Priority One" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife,[9] meaning that it is known from only one or a few locations which are potentially at risk.[11]
References
edit- ^ a b "Didymoplexis pallens". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
- ^ a b c Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 368. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ a b c "Didymoplexis pallens". Flora of China. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ "Didymoplexis pallens". Orchids of New Guinea. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Didymoplexis pallens". Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ "Crystal Bells". Flowers of India. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ "Didymoplexis pallens". APNI. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
- ^ Griffith, William (1843). "On some plants, mostly undescribed, in the H.C. Botanic Gardens, Calcutta". Calcutta Journal of Natural History. 4: 383–384. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ a b "Didymoplexis pallens". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ "Didymoplexis pallens". Northern Territory Government eflora. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
- ^ "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 25 July 2019.