Descendants of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans

Philippe de France, Duke of Orléans was the brother of Louis XIV of France and the younger son of Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria.

Philippe of France, Duke of Orléans

A member of the House of Bourbon, he is the founder of the current House of Orléans. His heirs formed a junior collateral branch of the royal dynasty. They include the second duke, who governed France during the minority of Louis XV in the Regency era; one French monarch, Louis Philippe I; and the Orléanist pretenders to the French throne still flourishing in the 21st century. The accumulation of the vast wealth which the House of Orléans would possess and use to influence both politics and court life (until it was confiscated during the French Revolution) began with Philippe, a lifelong beneficiary of his brother's largesse.

He was originally known by the title "Duke of Anjou". In 1660, his paternal uncle, Gaston, Duke of Orléans, died. The dukedom of Orléans was an appanage traditionally conferred upon the younger brother of the French king whenever available. Philippe exchanged Anjou for Orléans. As a son of a French king, Philippe ranked as a fils de France, and as the king's younger brother, he was invariably referred to at court simply as Monsieur.

Issue by Henrietta-Anne 'Minette' of England

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Henrietta Anne and Philippe : Relationship Background

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Princess Henrietta-Anne of England Philippe's first wife

On 31 March 1661, he married his first cousin, Princess Henrietta of England, daughter of King Charles I of England, in the chapel of the Palais-Royal in Paris. Both were grandchildren of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici. She was known at court as Madame, Henriette d'Angleterre (Henrietta of England) or affectionately as Minette and was a famed beauty. Philippe was said to have doted on Henriette for the first year of their marriage, but their relationship soon turned sour when she allegedly began an affair with the Count of Guiche[1] and went on to seek comfort from others. Philippe openly paraded his mignons in front of his wife and the whole court. Among them were Armand de Gramont, Count of Guiche, known for his arrogance and good looks, the marquis de Châtillon, and his first lover Philip Julian Mancini.[1] Meanwhile, Henriette proved to be very popular at court as a pretty, good-natured princess, much to Philippe's annoyance.

She soon attracted the attention of the King. In order to hide this attraction from the King's mother and wife, Henriette and Louis invented the story that he was constantly in Henriette's company in order to be close to one of her ladies-in-waiting, Louise de La Vallière. In time, Louis indeed fell in love with Louise and made her his mistress.

Reluctantly, and somewhat bitterly, Henriette stepped aside. She is said to have eventually taken one of her husband's earlier conquests, Armand de Gramont as a lover.[1] This caused all sorts of arguments at the Palais Royal, where the Orléans lived. Despite this marital dissension, several children were born of their union. However, Henriette, known for her fragile and delicate health, had four miscarriages in the space of five years.[2] By the time of the birth of Anne Marie, the couple was notorious for the frequency of their quarrels at court and at home in the Palais-Royal.[1] After joining his brother Louis, the Queen, Mademoiselle, Madame de Montespan and Louise de La Vallière at a military campaign in northern France, the ducal couple returned to Saint-Cloud. It was there that the Duchess died at the age of twenty-six.

The death of the duchess on 30 June 1670 was popularly attributed to poison. The main suspects of this alleged crime were the Duke himself and the Chevalier de Lorraine. Although the duke may not have been involved, the enmity between Minette and the Chevalier de Lorraine was not a hidden truth. After an autopsy was performed, it was reported that Henrietta-Anne had died of peritonitis caused by an ulcer. During his marriage to Henriette-Anne, Philippe was heard to have said that he had loved her for fifteen days[citation needed].

Children

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# Name of Descendant Portrait Birth Death Relations Marriages Issue
1 Marie Louise d'Orléans   March 26, 1662 February 12, 1689 Daughter of Philippe de France and Henrietta of England Married to
Charles II of Spain
No Issue
2 Anne Marie d'Orléans   August 27, 1669 August 26, 1728 Daughter of Philippe de France and Henrietta of England Married to
Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
3 children, 2 daughters, 1 son

Grandchildren

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# Name of Descendant Portrait Birth Death Relations Marriage Issue
1 Maria Adelaide of Savoy   December 6, 1685 February 12, 1712 Daughter of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Granddaughter of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
Married to
Louis, Dauphin of France
1 child, 1 son
2 Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy   August 17, 1688 February 14, 1714 Daughter of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Granddaughter of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
Married to
Philip V of Spain
2 Children, 2 sons
3 Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia   April 27, 1701 February 20, 1773 Son of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Grandson of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
Married
(1) Anne Christine Louise of Bavaria
(2) Polyxena Christina of Hesse-Rotenburg
(3) Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine
4 children, 2 sons, 2 daughters

Great-grandchildren

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# Name of Descendant Portrait /Coat of Arms Birth Death Relations Marriages Issue
2 Louis I of Spain   August 25, 1707 August 31, 1724 Son of Maria Louisa of Savoy
and Philip V of Spain
Grandson of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Great-Grandson of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
Married
Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans
No Issue
3 Ferdinand VI of Spain   September 23, 1713 August 10, 1759 Son of Maria Louisa of Savoy
and Philip V of Spain
Grandson of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Great-Grandson of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
Married
Barbara of Portugal
No Issue
4 Victor Amadeus III of Savoy   June 26, 1726 October 16, 1796 Son of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
and Polyxena Christina of Hesse-Rotenburg
Grandson of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Great-Grandson of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
Married
Maria Antonietta of Spain
9 children, 5 sons, 4 daughters
5 Eleonora Maria Teresa of Savoy 1728 1781 Daughter of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
and Polyxena Christina of Hesse-Rotenburg
Granddaughter of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Great-Granddaughter of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
unmarried No issue
6 Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy   1729 1767 Daughter of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
and Polyxena Christina of Hesse-Rotenburg
Granddaughter of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Great-Granddaughter of 'Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
unmarried,
a nun
No issue
7 Maria Felicita   1730 1801 Daughter of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
and Polyxena Christina of Hesse-Rotenburg
Granddaughter of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Great-Granddaughter of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
unmarried No issue
8 Benedetto Maria Maurizio of Savoy
(Duke of Chablais
and Marchese of Ivrea)
  1741 1808 Son of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia
and Elisabeth Teresa of Lorraine
Grandson of Anne Marie d'Orléans
and Victor Amadeus II of Sardinia
Great-Grandson of Philippe de France
and Henrietta of England
Married
his niece Maria Ana
No issue

Further Descent

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# Name of Descendant Portrait Birth Death Relations Marriages Issue
1 Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma   August 14, 1727 December 6, 1759 Daughter of Louis XV of France
and Maria Leszczyńska
Married to
Philip, Duke of Parma
3 children, 2 daughters, 1 son
2 Isabella of Parma   31 December 1741 November 27, 1763 Daughter of Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma
and Philip, Duke of Parma
Married to
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
1 child, 1 daughter
3 Maria Theresia   March 20, 1762 January 23, 1770 Daughter of Isabella of Parma and
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Unmarried No Issue
4 Ferdinand, Duke of Parma   January 20, 1751 October 9, 1802 Son of Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma
and Philip, Duke of Parma
Married
Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria
4 children, 1 son, 3 daughters
5 Princess Caroline of Parma   November 22, 1770 March 1, 1804 Daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
and Maria Amalia of Austria
Married
Prince Maximilian of Saxony
7 children, 3 sons, 4 daughters
6 Louis of Etruria   5 July 1773 27 May 1803 Son of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
and Maria Amalia of Austria
Married
Maria Louisa, Duchess of Lucca
2 children, 1 son, 1 daughter
7 Maria Antonia   28 November 1774 20 February 1841 Daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
and Archduchess Marie Amalie of Austria.
Unmarried,
a nun
No Issue
8 Charlotte of Parma   September 7, 1777 1812 Daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Parma
and Maria Amalia of Austria
Unmarried,
a nun
No Issue
9 Maria Luisa of Parma   December 9, 1751 January 2, 1819 Daughter of Louise Élisabeth, Duchess of Parma
and Philip, Duke of Parma
Married to
Charles IV of Spain
7 children, 3 sons, 4 daughters
10 Carlota Joaquina of Spain   25 April 1775 7 January 1830 Daughter of Maria Luisa of Parma
and Charles IV of Spain
Married to
John VI of Portugal
8 children, 2 sons, 6 daughters
11 Maria Amalia   January 9, 1779 July 22, 1798 Daughter of Maria Luisa of Parma
and Charles IV of Spain
Married to Infante Antonio Pascual of Spain Stillborn son
12 Maria Louisa   July 6, 1782 March 13, 1824 Daughter of Maria Luisa of Parma
and Charles IV of Spain
Married to
Louis of Etruria
2 children, 1 son, 1 daughter
13 Ferdinand VII of Spain   October 14, 1784 September 29, 1833 Son of Maria Luisa of Parma
and Charles IV of Spain
Married
(1) Maria Antonia of Naples
(2) Maria Isabel of Portugal
(3) Maria Josepha Amalia of Saxony
(4) Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies
2 children, 2 daughters
14 Charles, Count of Molina   March 29, 1788 March 10, 1855 Son of Maria Luisa of Parma
and Charles IV of Spain
Married
(1) Maria Francisca of Portugal
(2) Teresa, Princess of Beira
2 children, 2 sons
15 Maria Isabella of Spain   June 6, 1789 September 13, 1848 Daughter of Maria Luisa of Parma
and Charles IV of Spain
Married to
Francis I of the Two Sicilies
12 children, 6 sons, 6 daughters
16 Infante Francisco de Paula of Spain   10 March 1794 13 August 1865 Son of Maria Luisa of Parma
and Charles IV of Spain
Married
Princess Luisa Carlotta of the Two Sicilies
8 children, 4 sons, 4 daughters

Issue by Elisabeth-Charlotte 'Liselotte' of the Palatinate

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Elisabeth-Charlotte and Philippe : Relationship Background

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Liselotte in later years

Philippe's confidante, Anna Gonzaga, Princess Palatine, arranged his second marriage to her husband's niece, Elisabeth Charlotte, the nineteen-year-old daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine. Upon her arrival in France, "Liselotte" converted to Roman Catholicism, before the marriage ceremony.

The couple was married by proxy, in the cathedral Saint-Étienne at Metz, on 16 November 1671. The maréchal du Plessis-Praslin represented the Duke of Orléans. Philippe and Liselotte first met on the road between the towns of Châlons and Bellay.[3]

Whereas Philippe's first wife had been known for beauty, charm and wit, Liselotte lacked those graces. Some said that this lack explained why she fared better with her husband (who personally took charge of her toilette for public occasions[clarification needed]) than did his first wife. They had his only surviving son.

Liselotte also became known for her brusque candor, upright character, lack of vanity, and prolific foreign correspondence about the daily routine and frequent scandals of Versailles. Her letters record how willingly she gave up sharing Philippe's bed at his request after their children's births, and how unwillingly she endured the presence of his minions in their household, which caused the couple to quarrel.

But she frequently acknowledged that Philippe's treatment of her was less offensive than the impertinences his entourage indulged in at her expense, and the lack of protection he afforded her and their children against the hostile intrigues she believed were directed at her by spiteful courtiers, especially Madame-de- Maintenon.

Children

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# Name of Descendant Portrait Birth Death Relations Marriages Issue
1 Philippe II, Duke of Orléans   August 2, 1674 December 2, 1723 Son of Philippe d'Orléans and Elizabeth Charlotte of Bavaria Married to
Françoise-Marie de Bourbon
7 children: 1 son, 6 daughters
2 Élisabeth Charlotte, Princess of Commercy   September 13, 1676 December 23, 1744 Daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Elizabeth Charlotte of Bavaria Married to
Leopold, Duke of Lorraine
5 children: 3 sons, 2 daughters

Grandchildren

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# Name of Descendant Portrait Birth Death Relations Marriages Issue
1 Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans   August 20, 1695 July 21, 1719 Daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Françoise-Marie de Bourbon Married to
Charles de France, duc de Berry
No issue
2 Louise Adélaïde, Abbess of Chelles   August 13, 1698 February 10, 1743 Daughter of Philippe d'Orléans and Françoise-Marie de Bourbon Unmarried, a nun No Issue

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Barker, Nancy Nichols, Brother to the Sun king: Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.
  2. ^ Royal Genealogy, Information on Stuart, Henrietta Anne
  3. ^ Arvède Barine, "Madame, Mère du Régent", in: Revue des deux mondes, LXXVIIe Année, Cinquième période, Tome Quarantième, Paris, 1907, p. 814.