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Demographics of Mongolia

This article on the demographics of Mongolia include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

Demographics of Mongolia
Mongolia population pyramid in 2020
Population3,296,866[1] (2020 census)
Density1.76/km2
Growth rate1.46%[1] (2010 census)
Birth rate20.7 births/1,000 population[2] (2012 est.)
Death rate6.01 deaths/1,000 population[2] (2012 est.)
Life expectancy68.63 years[2] (2012 est.)
 • male66.16 years[2] (2012 est.)
 • female71.23 years[2] (2012 est.)
Fertility rate2.87[2] (2019 est.)
Infant mortality rate13.4 deaths/1,000 live births[2] (2019 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years27.1%[2] (2012 est.)
15–64 years68.9%[2] (2012 est.)
65 and over4%[2] (2012 est.)
Sex ratio
Total1 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
Under 151.04 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
15–64 years1 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
65 and over0.77 male(s)/female[2] (2012 est.)
Nationality
NationalityMongolian
Major ethnicMongol
Minor ethnicKazakh
Language
OfficialMongolian
SpokenMongolian, Kazakh
Historical population of Mongolia

Segments

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Youth

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This section is an excerpt from Youth in Mongolia.[edit]

Youth in Mongolia constituted 18.7% of the population in 2014, numbering roughly 552,000 individuals.[3] The 15–19 age group is the largest in Mongolia; in 2009 about 40% of the population was under 19 years old.[4] Estimated population growth rates as of 2014 were reported as increasing by 1.37%.[5] The steady increase in youth will enlarge the already large proportion of working-aged individuals and create new opportunities to build human capital and facilitate economic development.[6]

 
Young Mongolian women prepare for an archery shoot

In order to address Mongolia's economic future, Mongolia's Parliament adopted the State Population Development Policy in 2004 to confront development issues facing Mongolian youth. This policy and the Mongolia National Programme on Adolescents and Youth Development defined youth as those from ages 15 to 34 years and aims to provide opportunities and services that build youth into well developed citizens.[6][7] Mongolia is in the process of transitioning from its status as a developing country to a nation with a developing economy.[8][9] According to the Human Development Index, conditions in Mongolia have been improving in recent years, but its ranking on the Human Poverty Index has dropped further due to the privatization of the economic sector.[5][6]

Mongolia's political structure has changed frequently since its founding in 1206. In the most recent transition to democracy in 1992, Mongolia incorporated policies directed towards youth.[4][10] Mongolia became one of the first countries to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1990 and signed the second and third optional protocols in 2000 and 2013 respectively.[11] Many of Mongolia’s laws and policies attempt to protect and better the lives of Mongolian youth. The legal age of majority occurs at 18, wherein Mongolian young adults are able to vote and assume legal authority.[12] The transition from a Soviet satellite state to a sovereign nation in 1992 fueled major structural changes in Mongolian youth lives. Access to education, employment, and health care has increased.[6][9][11]

Vital statistics

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UN estimates

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Period[13] Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950–1955 33 000 18 000 15 000 40.0 21.4 18.6 5.60 182.9
1955–1960 39 000 19 000 20 000 43.0 20.7 22.2 6.30 164.9
1960–1965 49 000 19 000 30 000 47.9 18.4 29.5 7.50 134.5
1965–1970 54 000 19 000 34 000 44.8 15.9 28.8 7.50 118.6
1970–1975 59 000 19 000 40 000 43.0 13.9 29.1 7.50 106.5
1975–1980 63 000 21 000 42 000 39.6 13.1 26.5 6.65 104.5
1980–1985 69 000 22 000 47 000 38.1 12.4 25.7 5.75 102.3
1985–1990 75 000 22 000 53 000 36.6 10.8 25.9 4.90 91.7
1990–1995 62 000 22 000 40 000 27.6 9.6 18.0 3.30 66.6
1995–2000 52 000 20 000 33 000 22.1 8.3 13.8 2.50 54.7
2000–2005 47 000 17 000 30 000 18.9 7.2 11.7 2.08 43.5
2005–2010 62 000 17 000 45 000 22.4 6.9 15.5 2.40 36.0
2010–2015 26.1 6.3 19.8 2.84
2015–2020 24.4 6.3 18.1 2.90
2020–2025 20.5 6.4 14.1 2.73
2025–2030 18.1 6.7 11.4 2.59
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Registered births and deaths

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[14][15] Average population Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Crude migration change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
1934 10,622 8,991 1,631
1935 738,200 13,700 12,083 1,617 18.6 16.4 2.2 -2.2
1936 737,900 12,209 17,049 −4,840 16.5 23.1 −6.6 6.2
1937 740,000 14,126 14,747 −621 19.1 19.9 −0.8 3.6
1938 747,600 15,492 15,101 391 20.7 20.2 0.5 9.8
1939 736,400 14,092 17,242 −3,150 19.1 23.4 −4.3 -10.7
1940 738,600 19,046 15,906 3,140 25.8 21.5 4.3 -1.3
1941 743,800
1942 749,000
1943 754,200
1944 759,100
1945 759,300
1946 759,400
1947 759,700
1948 759,200
1949 758,700
1950 758,000
1951 772,400 11,015 7,598 3,417 14.3 9.8 4.4 14.6
1952 786,100 14,218 9,205 5,013 18.1 11.7 6.4 11.4
1953 799,900 23,989 10,953 13,036 30.0 13.7 16.3 1.3
1954 813,600 21,394 11,068 10,326 26.3 13.6 15.3 1.3
1955 827,300 26,889 11,823 15,066 32.5 13.3 18.2 -1.4
1956 845,500 26,825 10,573 16,252 31.7 12.5 19.2 2.8
1957 862,000 32,594 9,722 22,872 37.8 11.3 26.5 -7.0
1958 884,800 34,654 9,895 24,759 39.2 11.2 28.0 -1.5
1959 909,600 36,624 9,345 27,279 40.3 10.3 30.0 -2.0
1960 936,900 41,202 10,043 31,159 44.0 10.7 33.3 -3.3
1961 968,100 40,036 10,030 30,006 41.4 10.4 31.0 2.3
1962 998,000 42,144 10,192 31,952 42.2 10.2 32.0 -1.1
1963 1,017,100 40,250 12,168 28,082 39.0 11.8 27.2 -8.1
1964 1,045,200 42,001 11,215 30,786 39.6 10.6 29.0 -1.4
1965 1,076,000 41,427 13,072 28,355 38.0 12.0 26.0 3.5
1966 1,104,400 43,150 13,097 30,053 38.5 11.7 26.8 -0.4
1967 1,134,400 43,650 13,563 30,087 38.0 11.8 26.2 1.0
1968 1,164,500 46,159 13,085 33,074 38.8 11.1 27.7 -1.2
1969 1,197,600 46,849 13,905 32,944 38.6 11.5 27.1 1.3
1970 1,230,500 50,152 15,314 34,838 40.2 12.3 27.9 -0.4
1971 1,265,400 49,917 13,857 36,060 38.8 10.8 28.0 0.4
1972 1,301,400 52,796 14,727 38,069 40.0 11.4 28.8 -0.4
1973 1,339,500 54,841 13,611 41,230 40.3 10.0 30.3 -1.0
1974 1,380,700 56,218 12,555 43,663 40.1 9.0 31.1 -0.3
1975 1,424,400 56,953 14,445 42,508 39.4 10.0 29.4 2.3
1976 1,466,900 55,224 14,757 40,467 37.1 9.9 27.2 2.6
1977 1,512,400 56,683 15,490 41,193 37.0 10.1 26.9 4.1
1978 1,553,600 60,291 14,238 46,053 38.3 9.0 29.3 -2.1
1979 1,595,000 60,233 15,375 44,858 37.2 9.5 27.7 -1.1
1980 1,639,700 63,068 17,331 45,737 39.2 10.4 28.8 -0.8 6.411
1981 1,682,000 62,751 15,787 46,964 36.8 9.2 27.6 -1.8
1982 1,724,700 64,210 16,568 47,642 36.8 9.5 27.3 -1.9
1983 1,767,500 65,020 17,620 47,400 36.4 9.9 26.5 -1.7
1984 1,808,900 68,129 20,359 47,770 37.2 11.1 26.1 -2.7
1985 1,854,300 69,627 18,688 50,939 38.2 10.0 28.2 -3.1 5.476
1986 1,900,600 71,801 16,424 55,377 37.3 8.5 28.8 -3.8
1987 1,949,700 71,437 15,930 55,507 36.2 8.1 28.1 -2.3
1988 1,997,000 75,832 17,689 58,143 37.5 8.7 28.8 -4.5
1989 2,043,954 73,593 17,000 56,593 35.5 8.2 27.3 -3.8
1990 2,153,466 73,209 17,559 55,650 34.9 8.4 26.5 27.1 4.472
1991 2,177,217 70,083 18,734 51,349 32.4 8.7 23.7 -12.7 4.009
1992 2,158,362 63,258 18,288 44,970 29.2 8.4 20.8 -29.5 3.512
1993 2,171,898 47,871 17,606 30,265 22.1 8.1 14.0 -7.7 2.532
1994 2,206,892 52,962 16,546 36,416 24.2 7.6 16.6 -0.5 2.694
1995 2,242,998 54,293 16,794 37,499 24.4 7.5 16.9 -0.5 2.760
1996 2,276,016 51,806 17,550 34,256 21.8 7.8 14.0 0.7 2.506
1997 2,307,484 49,488 16,980 32,508 21.6 7.4 14.2 -0.4 2.351
1998 2,340,134 49,256 15,799 33,457 21.2 6.8 14.4 -0.3 2.304
1999 2,373,493 49,461 16,105 33,356 21.0 6.8 14.2 0.1 2.318
2000 2,403,105 48,721 15,472 33,249 20.4 6.5 13.9 -1.4 2.243
2001 2,432,397 49,685 15,999 33,686 20.6 6.6 14.0 -1.8 2.221
2002 2,465,657 46,922 15,857 31,065 19.2 6.5 12.7 1.0 2.076
2003 2,495,091 45,723 16,006 29,717 18.4 6.5 11.9 0 2.014
2004 2,521,733 45,501 16,404 29,097 18.1 6.5 11.6 -0.9 1.984
2005 2,551,081 45,326 16,480 28,846 17.9 6.5 11.4 0.2 1.968
2006 2,583,254 49,092 16,682 32,410 19.1 6.5 12.6 0 2.081
2007 2,620,446 56,636 16,259 40,377 21.8 6.2 15.6 -1.2 2.341
2008 2,665,955 63,768 15,413 48,355 24.1 5.8 18.3 -0.9 2.633
2009 2,716,275 69,167 16,911 52,256 25.7 6.3 19.4 -0.5 2.753
2010 2,760,968 63,270 18,293 44,977 23.1 6.7 16.4 0.1 2.431
2011 2,811,666 69,853 19,155 50,698 25.1 6.9 18.2 0.2 2.609
2012 2,867,744 73,839 17,761 56,078 26.0 6.3 19.7 0.2 2.741
2013 2,930,277 79,780 17,247 62,533 27.5 5.9 21.6 0.2 3.006
2014 2,995,949 82,839 16,521 66,318 28.0 5.6 22.4 0 3.070
2015 3,057,778 82,130 17,620 64,510 27.1 5.8 21.3 -0.7 3.015
2016 3,119,935 79,920 17,763 62,157 25.9 5.8 20.1 0.2 2.950
2017 3,177,899 75,321 17,357 57,964 23.9 5.5 18.4 0.2 2.790
2018 3,238,479 78,444 17,864 60,580 24.5 5.6 18.9 0.2 2.920
2019 3,296,866 79,580 18,403 61,177 24.4 5.6 18.8 -0.8 2.986
2020 3,357,542 77,716 17,040 60,676 23.2 4.8 18.4 0 2.936
2021 3,409,939 73,253 20,856 52,397 21.7 5.9 15.8 -0.2 2.785
2022 3,457,548 66,910 19,301 47,609 19.4 5.2 14.2 -0.2 2.714
2023 3,504,741 66,234 19,041 47,193 19.0 5.0 14.0 -0.4 2.565

Current vital statistics

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[16]

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January–September 2023 49,033 12,921 +36,112
January–September 2024 43,428 13,219 +30,209
Difference   -5,605 (−11.4%)   +298 (+2.3%)   -5,903

Life expectancy

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Life expectancy at birth in Mongolia
Period Life expectancy in
Years 		Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 43.2 1985–1990 59.6
1955–1960 46.1 1990–1995 60.8
1960–1965 50.7 1995–2000 61.8
1965–1970 53.9 2000–2005 64.1
1970–1975 56.4 2005–2010 66.1
1975–1980 56.9 2010–2015 68.5
1980–1985 57.3

Source: UN World Population Prospects[17]

Structure of the population

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2016 population pyramid of Mongolia via. CIA World Factbook
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 11.XI.2010):[18]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 313 968 1 333 577 2 647 545 100
0–4 146 516 141 981 288 497 10.90
5–9 110 117 106 097 216 214 8.17
10–14 120 064 116 801 236 865 8.95
15–19 130 560 127 085 257 645 9.73
20–24 147 472 144 711 292 183 11.04
25–29 124 490 123 493 247 983 9.37
30–34 111 976 110 546 222 522 8.40
35–39 100 819 101 564 202 383 7.64
40–44 88 273 90 994 179 267 6.77
45–49 77 475 81 281 158 756 6.00
50–54 58 009 64 073 122 082 4.61
55–59 33 384 38 605 71 989 2.72
60–64 22 106 27 347 49 453 1.87
65–69 17 262 20 970 38 232 1.44
70–74 13 081 16 251 29 332 1.11
75–79 7 252 11 365 18 617 0.70
80–84 3 258 5 908 9 166 0.35
85–89 1 378 3 037 4 415 0.17
90–94 383 1 076 1 459 0.06
95–99 80 322 402 0.02
100+ 13 70 83 <0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 376 697 364 879 741 576 28.01
15–64 894 564 909 699 1 804 263 68.15
65+ 42 707 58 999 101 706 3.84
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2013) :
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 409 648 1 489 363 2 899 011 100
0–4 158 578 153 763 312 341 10.77
5–9 121 534 118 706 240 240 8.29
10–14 119 093 116 891 235 984 8.14
15–19 125 751 127 324 253 075 8.73
20–24 149 565 154 323 303 888 10.48
25–29 143 113 149 877 292 990 10.11
30–34 122 710 130 973 253 683 8.75
35–39 111 396 119 629 231 025 7.97
40–44 95 134 104 034 199 168 6.87
45–49 82 000 91 869 173 868 6.00
50–54 65 965 75 237 141 201 4.87
55–59 42 749 50 508 93 257 3.22
60–64 25 525 31 862 57 386 1.98
65–69 17 524 22 340 39 864 1.38
70–74 14 689 18 102 32 790 1.13
75–79 8 092 11 753 19 845 0.68
80–84 4 126 7 454 11 580 0.40
85–89 1 512 3 020 4 532 0.16
90–94 509 1 343 1 852 0.06
95–99 73 281 354 0.01
100+ 15 80 95 <0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 399 205 389 360 788 565 27.20
15–64 963 903 1 035 630 1 999 533 68.97
65+ 46 540 64 373 110 913 3.83
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 09.I.2020): [19]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 576 930 1 620 090 3 197 020 100
0–4 196 803 186 456 383 259 11.99
5–9 188 352 179 962 368 314 11.52
10–14 140 208 134 666 274 874 8.60
15–19 110 141 106 626 216 767 6.78
20–24 113 271 112 114 225 385 7.05
25–29 130 143 129 056 259 199 8.11
30–34 143 491 143 359 286 850 8.97
35–39 119 621 120 173 239 794 7.50
40–44 106 169 109 049 215 218 6.73
45–49 93 162 98 495 191 657 5.99
50–54 76 257 86 183 162 440 5.08
55–59 64 238 76 928 141 166 4.42
60–64 41 768 54 458 96 226 3.01
65–69 22 808 32 535 55 343 1.73
70–74 12 878 19 928 32 806 1.03
75–79 9 984 15 179 25 163 0.79
80–84 4 918 8 293 13 211 0.41
85–89 2 069 4 792 6 861 0.21
90–94 527 1 370 1 897 0.06
95–99 110 401 511 0.02
100+ 12 67 79 <0.01
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 525 363 501 084 1 026 447 32.11
15–64 998 261 1 036 441 2 034 702 63.64
65+ 53 306 82 565 135 871 4.25

Ethnicity and languages

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The demonym for the people of Mongolia is Mongolian. The name Mongol usually accounts for people of the Mongol ethnic group, thus excluding Turkic groups such as Kazakhs and Tuvans.

Ethnic Mongols account for about 96% of the population and consist of Khalkh and other subgroups, all distinguished primarily by dialects of the Mongolian language. The Khalkhs make up 86% of the ethnic Mongol population. The remaining 14% include Oirats, Buryats and others. Ethnic distinctions among the Mongol subgroups are relatively minor. Language or tribal differences are not a political or social issue.[citation needed]

Turkic speaking Kazakhs form the largest ethnic minority and constitute c. 3.9% of Mongolia's population. Khotons and Chantuu are Mongolized people with Turkic origin and speak Mongolian.

In around 1860, part of the Middle jüz Kazakhs who sought refuge from Qing Empire massacre in Xinjiang came to Mongolia and were allowed to settle down in Bayan-Ölgii Province. There are smaller numbers of Russian, Chinese, Korean and American people working in Mongolia since 1990. 3,000 Westerners live in Mongolia, accounting for 0.1% of its total population.[20]

English is the most widely used foreign language followed by Russian. Lately, Chinese,[21] Japanese, Korean and German are gaining popularity.

Ethnicity

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National censuses data[22]
Ethnic groups Ethno-linguistic family 1956 1963 1969 1979 1989 2000 2010[23] 2020[24]
Khalkh Mongolic 639,141 775,376 911,079 1,235,806 1,610,424 1,934,674 2,168,141 2,659,985
Kazakh Turkic 36,729 47,735 62,812 84,305 120,506 102,983 101,526 120,999
Dörbet Mongolic 25,667 31,339 34,725 45,053 55,208 66,706 72,403 83,719
Bayid Mongolic 15,874 19,891 25,479 31,053 39,233 50,824 56,573 63,775
Buryat Mongolic 24,625 28,523 29,772 29,802 35,444 40,620 45,087 43,661
Zakhchin Mongolic 15,772 14,399 15,662 18,957 23,478 25,183 32,845 37,407
Dariganga Mongolic 16,852 18,587 20,603 24,564 29,040 31,909 27,412 36,419
Altai Uriankhai Mongolic 10,833[25] 13,140 15,057 19,475 22,998 29,766 26,654 29,021
Darkhad Mongolic 8,826 10,174 10,716 14,757 19,019 21,558 24,549
Uuld Mongolic 15,520 14,666
Khotogoid Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 7,237 15,460 8,583
Torguud Mongolic 4,729 6,028 7,119 8,617 10,050 12,628 14,176 15,596
Khotons Turkic 2,603 2,874 4,056 4,380 6,076 9,014 11,304 12,057
Myangad Mongolic 2,518 2,712 3,222 4,173 4,760 6,028 6,592 8,125
Tuvan Turkic ... ... ... ... ... 4,778 5,169 2,354
Barga Mongolic 2,458 2,343 2,305 1,999 2,130 2,506 2,989 2,832
Üzemchin Mongolic 2,046 2,070 2,127 2,030 2,086 2,386 2,577 2,308
Eljigin Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 151 1,340 1,034
Sartuul Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 1,540 1,286 2,023
Hamnigan of Tungusic origin Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 565 537 384
Tsaatan Turkic ... ... ... ... ... 303 282 208
Chantuu Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 380 260 202
Kharchin Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 266 152 154
Chahar Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... 123 132 ...
Khoshut Mongolic 382
(Huuchid)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(Baarin)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(Khorchin)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
(Tümed)[a] Mongolic ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Russian nationals 13,444 8,905 1,433 196 140 2,020 2,474
Chinese nationals 16,157 21,981 725 344 247 3,374 8,688
Korean nationals ... ... ... ... ... 338 1,522
American nationals ... ... ... ... ... 303 656
Others 11,125 6,819 35,045 8,653 1,509 ... ... 4,122
Mongolia 845,481 1,017,162 1,188,271 1,538,980 1,987,274 2,365,269 2,754,685 3,174,565
  1. ^ a b c d Not listed in the Censuses

Literacy

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Literacy rate is the percentage of people over the age of 15 who can read and write.

Total population: 98.3%[26]

After a decline in enrollment ratios during the transition to a market economy in the 1990s, school attendance is now once more near-universal: primary school attendance rate is estimated at 97%, and adult literacy at 98%.[27]

Religions

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Main article: Religion in Mongolia
 
A young Mongolian boy

Various forms of Shamanism have been widely practiced throughout the history of what is now Mongolia, as such beliefs were common among nomadic people in Asian history. Such beliefs gradually gave way to Tibetan Buddhism, but shamanism has left a mark on Mongolian religious culture, and continues to be practiced.

Traditionally, Tibetan Buddhism was the predominant religion. However, it was suppressed under the communist regime until 1990, with only one showcase monastery allowed to remain. Since 1990, as liberalization began, Buddhism has encountered a resurgence.

Religions in Mongolia
(population aged 15 and above)
Year Buddhism Islam Shamanism Christianity Other religions Atheism Year
# % # % # % # % # % # %
2010[26] 909,357
53%
 190,702
3.0%
 155,174
2.9%
 41,117
2.1%
 6,933
0.4%
 835,283
40%
 3,000,000
2020[28] —
51.7%
 —
3.2%
 —
2.5%
 —
1.3%
 —
0.7%
 —
40.6%
 —

Urbanization

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Life in sparsely populated Mongolia has become more urbanized. Nearly half of the people live in the capital, Ulaanbaatar, and in other provincial centers. Semi nomadic life still predominates in the countryside, but settled agricultural communities are becoming more common. Mongolia's population growth rate is estimated at 1.6% (2020 census). About two-thirds of the total population is under age 30, 36% of whom are under 14.

Key: For population growth 1979–2008

  • Salmon cells indicate that the population has declined or experienced minimal (<1%) growth.
  • Light green cells indicate a growth between 1–2%.
  • Dark green cells indicate a growth of greater than or equal to 2%.
Rank Name Mongolian Inhabitants
(1979 est.[29][30][31]) 		Inhabitants
(1989 est.[29][32]) 		Inhabitants
(2000 census[29][33]) 		Inhabitants
(est. 2008[29]) 		Change since 1979 Growth Percentage/Year Administrative
Unit
1. Ulaanbaatar * Улаанбаатар 396,300 540,600 711,900 1,008,738 612,438 +5.2% Ulaanbaatar
2. Erdenet Эрдэнэт 29,100 - 68,310 86,866 57,766 +6.6% Orkhon
3. Darkhan Дархан 49,100 - 65,791 74,300 25,200 +1.7% Darkhan-Uul
4. Choibalsan Чойбалсан 28,500 37,300 40,123 38,150 9,650 +1.1% Dornod
5. Mörön Мөрөн 16,500 21,300 28,903 36,082 19,582 +4.0% Khövsgöl
6. Nalaikh Налайх - - 23,600 29,115 5,515 +3.0% Ulaanbaatar
7. Khovd Ховд 17,500 24,100 25,765 28,601 11,101 +2.1% Khovd
8. Ölgii Өлгий 18,700 27,200 25,791 27,855 9,155 +1.6% Bayan-Ölgii
9. Bayankhongor Баянхонгор 16,300 21,200 22,066 26,252 9,952 +2.0% Bayankhongor
10. Baganuur Багануур - - 21,100 25,877 4,777 +1.8% Ulaanbaatar
11. Arvaikheer Багануур 12,300 16,900 19,058 25,622 13,322 +3.6% Övörkhangai
12. Ulaangom Улаангом 17,900 22,900 25,993 21,406 3,506 +0.67% Uvs
13. Sükhbaatar Сүхбаатар 14,300 19,600 22,374 19,626 5,326 +1.2% Selenge
14. Sainshand Сайншанд 11,100 10,300 18,290 25,210 14,110 +4.2% Dornogovi
15. Dalanzadgad Даланзадгад 10,000 14,300 14,050 16,856 6,856 +2.3% Ömnögovi
16. Tsetserleg Цэцэрлэг 14,700 20,300 18,519 16,300 1,600 +0.37% Arkhangai
17. Uliastai Улиастай 15,400 20,300 18,154 16,240 840 +0.17% Zavkhan
18. Altai Алтай 13,700 18,800 15,741 15,800 2,100 +0.5% Govi-Altai
19. Züünkharaa Зүүнхараа 11,400 - 15,000(2004) - 3,600 +1.1% Selenge
20. Öndörkhaan Өндөрхаан 11,100 14,400 18,003 14,800 3,700 +1.1% Khentii
21. Zuunmod Зуунмод 9,800 15,800 14,837 14,568 4,768 +1.6% Töv
22. Baruun-Urt Баруун-Урт 11,600 16,100 15,133 12,994 1,394 +0.4% Sükhbaatar
23. Zamyn-Üüd Замын-Үүд - - 5,486 11,527 6,041 +13.8% Dornogovi
24. Bulgan Булган 11,300 12,800 12,681 11,198 −102 −0.03% Bulgan
25. Mandalgovi Мандалговь 10,200 16,100 14,517 10,299 99 +0.03% Dundgovi
26. Kharkhorin Хархорин - - 8,977(2003) - - n/a% Övörkhangai
27. Bor-Öndör Бор-Өндөр - - 6,406(2001) 8,902 2,496 +3.5% Khentii
28. Choir Чойр 4,500 - 8,983 7,998 3,498 +2.6% Govisümber
29. Sharyngol Шарынгол - - 8,902 7,798 −1,104 −2.8% Darkhan-Uul
Mongolia Монгол улс 1,538,980 1,987,274 2,365,269 2,635,000 1,096,600 +2.38%

* - city proper, Nalaikh, Baganuur, Bagakhangai not included in this figure, they are separated in the table.

From List of cities in Mongolia

Base demographic indicators for Mongolia

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Base Demographic Indicators for Mongolia
Demography indicator units U.S. Census Bureau
International
Data Base
1 July 2007[34] 		United Nations
World Population
Prospects:
The 2007 Revision
1 July 2007[35] 		United Nations
Economic and Social
Commission for Asia
and Pacific(ESCAP)
1 July 2006[36] 		National Statistical
Office of Mongolia
31 December 2007[37]
Population person 2,951,786 2,629,000 2,605,000 2,635,200
Age structure: 0–14 years: % of total population
28.72%
27%
28%
28.58%
Age structure: 15–59 years: % of total population
65.56%
67%
 —
65.36%
Age structure: 60 years and over: % of total population
5.72%
6%
 —
6.06%
Population growth rate: %
1.486%
1.20%
0.9%
1.545%
Birth rate: births/1,000 population 21.07 18.5 19.7 (2000–2005) 21.7
Death rate: deaths/1,000 population 6.21 6.6 6.9 (2000–2005) 6.2
Net migration rate: migrant(s)/1,000 population 0 0 −4.0 (2000–2005) —
Sex ratio: at birth: male(s)/female 1.0500 1.01 1.0424 1.0310
Sex ratio: under 15 years: male(s)/female 1.0408 — 1.0153 1.0193
Sex ratio: 15–59 years: male(s)/female 1.0003 — 0.9414 0.9379
Sex ratio: 60 years and over: male(s)/female 0.8169 0.80 — 0.7933
Sex ratio: total population: male(s)/female 1.0002 0.9947 — 0.9508
Potential support ratio: persons aged 15 to 64
per persons aged 65 or older 		17.47 17 — 16.33
Infant mortality rate: deaths/1,000 live births 42.65 40 39 (2005) 15.4
Mortality under age 5: deaths/1,000 — 55 49 (2005) 22
Life expectancy at birth total population: years 66.99 68 65.1 (2000–2005) 66.54
Life expectancy at birth male: years 64.61 64 61.9 (2000–2005) 63.13
Life expectancy at birth female: years 69.48 70 68.4 (2000–2005) 70.23
Total fertility rate: children born/woman 2.2517 1.9 2.1 (2000–2005) 2.3
Age specific fertility rate: ages 15–19 (per 1,000) 22.5 45 49.7 (2000–2005) 18.7
Urban population: % of total population —
57%
56.8%
60.75%
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio males: % —
84%
 —
92.1%
Gross secondary school enrolment ratio females: % —
95%
 —
95.6%
Contraceptive prevalence rate all methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union 		—
67.4%
 — —
Contraceptive prevalence rate modern methods: % of women aged 15 to 49
who are married or in union 		—
54.3%
 — —
Persons with disabilities: % of total population —
3.5%
 — —
National poverty rate: % of total population —
35.6%
36.1%
(2002)
32.2%
Human development index: % of total population —
0.691%
 —
0.720%
Population projected to 2025: person 3,725,352 3,112,000 — —
Population projected to 2050: person 4,340,496 3,388,000 — —

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Date (2020-06-12). "Mongolia National Census 2020 Results" (PDF). National Statistical Office of Mongolia. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "CIA World Factbook". CIA. 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
  3. ^ "History of Mongolia". Embassy of Mongolia. 2013-05-21. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  4. ^ a b "Mongolia Facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Mongolia". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  5. ^ a b Sneath, David (1993-01-01). "Social relations, networks and social organisation in post-socialist rural Mongolia". Nomadic Peoples. 33: 193–207.
  6. ^ a b c d Hill, Peter S; Dodd, Rebecca; Dashdorj, Khurelmaa (2006). "Health Sector Reform and Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Mongolia". Reproductive Health Matters. 14 (27): 91–100. doi:10.1016/s0968-8080(06)27226-4. PMID 16713883. S2CID 12717002.
  7. ^ "UNICEF Mongolia - About us - Situation of children". www.unicef.org. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  8. ^ "Health of Adolescents in Mongolia" (PDF). World Health Organization- Western Pacific Region. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 12, 2015. Retrieved October 21, 2015.
  9. ^ a b "School-to-work-transitions in Mongolia". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2015-10-20.
  10. ^ Ganbat, Damba (2012). "Mongolian Youth Outlook Country Profile" (PDF). Democratic Citizenship and Voices of Asia's Youth.
  11. ^ a b "Employment and Poverty in Mongolia" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  12. ^ Aldobrandini, Villa (July 2009). "Understanding children's work and youth employment outcomes in Mongolia" (PDF). Understanding Children's Work. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  13. ^ "World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision".
  14. ^ "Population". Mongolian Statistical Information Service. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  15. ^ "Population, in 2023".
  16. ^ "Social and economic situation of Mongolia".
  17. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  18. ^ "United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics". Archived from the original on 2004-09-21.
  19. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  20. ^ "Монголия - Монголия - Каталог статей - Чойбалсан|Монголия|Ностальгия".
  21. ^ ""Chinese language fever" in Mongolia on the upswing". english.hanban.org. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 7 February 2020.
  22. ^ "Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтуудийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57-70
  23. ^ Mongolia National Census 2010 Provision Results. National Statistical Office of Mongolia Archived September 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Mongolian.)
  24. ^ "2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/". Archived from the original on 2021-07-15.
  25. ^ In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai
  26. ^ a b National Census 2010 Preliminary results Archived September 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine (in Mongolian)
  27. ^ For the 2000-2006 and 2000-2005 periods, respectively. UNICEF - At a glance: Mongolia Archived 2017-10-10 at the Wayback Machine, accessed June 15th, 2006
  28. ^ "2020 Population and Housing Census" (PDF). National Statistics Office of Mongolia. Archived from the original on 1 September 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  29. ^ a b c d "City Population - Historical population figures".
  30. ^ Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands - Mongolei, 1985
  31. ^ Encyclopedia "Cartactual," published 01/01/85
  32. ^ "NSO". Archived from the original on 2009-01-03. Retrieved 2010-03-22. National Statistical Office of Mongolia (accessed May 2, 2007)
  33. ^ (2000) PADCO: Mongolia Urban Development and Housing Sector Strategy, Final Report, Vol. 2, published 2005.
  34. ^ U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base - Mongolia Country Summary Archived October 2, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2007 Revision" (PDF).
  36. ^ "United Nations ESCAP 2007 Statistical Yearbook". Archived from the original on 2017-01-05. Retrieved 2008-04-02.
  37. ^ Statistical Yearbook of Mongolia 2007, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, 2008
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