DHCPv6

The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol version 6 (DHCPv6) is a network protocol for configuring Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) hosts with IP addresses, IP prefixes, default route, local segment MTU, and other configuration data required to operate in an IPv6 network. It is not just the IPv6 equivalent of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv4.

IPv6 hosts may automatically generate IP addresses internally using stateless address autoconfiguration (SLAAC), or they may be assigned configuration data with DHCPv6, or both.

IPv6 hosts that use stateless autoconfiguration may need information other than what SLAAC provides on a given network. DHCPv6 can provide this information whether it is being used to assign IP addresses or not. DHCPv6 can provide host with the addresses of Domain Name System (DNS) servers, but they can also be provided through Neighbor Discovery Protocol, which is the mechanism for stateless autoconfiguration.^[1]

Many IPv6 routers, such as routers for residential networks, must be configured automatically with no operator intervention. Such routers require not only an IPv6 address for use in communicating with upstream routers, but also an IPv6 prefix for use in configuring devices on the downstream side of the router. DHCPv6 prefix delegation provides a mechanism for configuring such routers.

Operation

Port numbers

Clients listen for DHCP messages on UDP port 546. Servers and relay agents listen for DHCP messages on UDP port 547.^[2]^: §7.2

Identifiers

DHCP unique identifier

The DHCP unique identifier (DUID) is used by a client to get an IP address from a DHCPv6 server. It has a 2-byte DUID type field, and a variable-length identifier field up to 128 bytes. Its actual length depends on its type. The server compares the DUID with its database and delivers configuration data (address, lease times, DNS servers, etc.) to the client.

Four DUID types are identified:^[2]^: §11

Link-layer address plus time (DUID-LLT)
Vendor-assigned unique ID based on enterprise number (DUID-EN)
Link-layer address (DUID-LL)
UUID-based DUID (DUID-UUID)

RFC 6939: Client Link-Layer Address Option

Due to the fact that it is difficult to manage multiple identifiers in a dual-stack environment, and the fact that DUIDs are simply not optimal for some situations, RFC 6939 was released, giving a way to identify a host based on its MAC address. It defines a way for a DHCPv6 relay to pass that information to a DHCPv6 server.

Example

In this example, without rapid-commit present, the server's link-local address is fe80::0011:22ff:fe33:5566 and the client's link-local address is fe80::aabb:ccff:fedd:eeff.

Client sends a solicit from [fe80::aabb:ccff:fedd:eeff]:546 to multicast address [ff02::1:2]:547.^[2]^: §14
Server replies with an advertise from [fe80::0011:22ff:fe33:5566]:547 to [fe80::aabb:ccff:fedd:eeff]:546.
Client replies with a request from [fe80::aabb:ccff:fedd:eeff]:546 to [ff02::1:2]:547.
Server finishes with a reply from [fe80::0011:22ff:fe33:5566]:547 to [fe80::aabb:ccff:fedd:eeff]:546.

DHCPv6 Message types

This table lists the DHCPv6 message types.

DHCPv6 Message Types
Code	Name	RFC
1	SOLICIT	RFC 8415
2	ADVERTISE	RFC 8415
3	REQUEST	RFC 8415
4	CONFIRM	RFC 8415
5	RENEW	RFC 8415
6	REBIND	RFC 8415
7	REPLY	RFC 8415
8	RELEASE	RFC 8415
9	DECLINE	RFC 8415
10	RECONFIGURE	RFC 8415
11	INFORMATION-REQUEST	RFC 8415
12	RELAY-FORW	RFC 8415
13	RELAY-REPL	RFC 8415
14	LEASEQUERY	RFC 5007
15	LEASEQUERY-REPLY	RFC 5007
16	LEASEQUERY-DONE	RFC 5460
17	LEASEQUERY-DATA	RFC 5460
18	RECONFIGURE-REQUEST	RFC 6977
19	RECONFIGURE-REPLY	RFC 6977
20	DHCPV4-QUERY	RFC 7341
21	DHCPV4-RESPONSE	RFC 7341
22	ACTIVELEASEQUERY	RFC 7653
23	STARTTLS	RFC 7653

IETF standards

RFC 8415, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)" - Obsoletes RFC 3315, RFC 3633, RFC 3736, RFC 4242, RFC 7083, RFC 7283, RFC 7550.
RFC 3319, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv6) Options for Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Servers"
RFC 3646, "DNS Configuration options for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"
RFC 4704, "The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6) Client Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) Option"
RFC 5007, "DHCPv6 Leasequery" support
RFC 6221, "Lightweight DHCPv6 Relay Agent" (LDRA) - Updates RFC 3315, Errata
RFC 6355, "Definition of the UUID-Based DHCPv6 Unique Identifier (DUID-UUID)"
RFC 6939, "Client Link-Layer Address Option in DHCPv6"
RFC 7653, "DHCPv6 Active Leasequery"

References

^ J. Jeong, ed. (February 2006). IPv6 Host Configuration of DNS Server Information Approaches. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4339. RFC 4339. Informational.
^ ^a ^b ^c T. Mrugalski; M. Siodelski; B. Volz; A. Yourtchenko; M. Richardson; S. Jiang; T. Lemon; T. Winters (November 2018). Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6). Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC8415. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 8415. Proposed Standard. Obsoletes RFC 3315, 3633, 3736, 4242, 7083, 7283 and 7550.

External links

IANA DHCPv6 Parameters
IPv6 Intelligence: DHCPv6, comparison of DHCPv6 packages and implementations (Last updated: April, 2009)
IPv6 Ready: DHCPv6, list of IPv6 Phase II Certified DHCPv6 implementations (Last updated: December, 2012)

[rfc4339-1] J. Jeong, ed. (February 2006). IPv6 Host Configuration of DNS Server Information Approaches. Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC4339. RFC 4339. Informational.

[rfc8415-2] T. Mrugalski; M. Siodelski; B. Volz; A. Yourtchenko; M. Richardson; S. Jiang; T. Lemon; T. Winters (November 2018). Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6). Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC8415. ISSN 2070-1721. RFC 8415. Proposed Standard. Obsoletes RFC 3315, 3633, 3736, 4242, 7083, 7283 and 7550.

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