Cystobasidium is a genus of fungi in the order Cystobasidiales. The type species is a fungal parasite forming small gelatinous basidiocarps (fruit bodies) on various ascomycetous fungi (including Lasiobolus and Thelebolus spp) on dung.[1] Microscopically, it has auricularioid (laterally septate) basidia producing basidiospores that germinate by budding off yeast cells. Other species are known only from their yeast states.[2] The yeasts Cystobasidium minutum and C. calyptogenae are rare but known human pathogens.[3][4]
| Cystobasidium | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cystobasidium fimetarium | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Cystobasidiomycetes |
| Order: | Cystobasidiales |
| Family: | Cystobasidiaceae |
| Genus: | Cystobasidium (Lagerh.) Neuhoff (1924) |
| Type species | |
| Cystobasidium lasioboli (Lagerh.) Neuhoff (1924)
| |
Taxonomy
editThe genus was originally described in 1898 by Swedish mycologist Gustaf Lagerheim as a subgenus of Jola[5] and later (1924) raised to a full genus by the German mycologist Walther Neuhoff. Its main distinguishing feature (microscopically) was the swollen, cyst-like probasidia from which the basidia emerge.[5] Only one species, Cystobasidium lasioboli, was originally described, but two further species with probasidia were added by subsequent authors. In 1999, British mycologist Peter Roberts noted that Tremella fimetaria Schum. (1803) was an earlier name for Cystobasidium lasioboli and proposed the new combination Cystobasidium fimetarium.[1]
Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has shown that Cystobasidium (based on the type species) is a monophyletic (natural) genus. An additional 20 or so yeast species have been added to the genus, most of which were formerly placed in Rhodotorula.[6][2][7]
Species
editAs of December 2024[update], Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 21 species of Cystobasidium:[8]
- Cystobasidium alpinum Turchetti, Selbmann, Onofri & Buzzini (2020)
- Cystobasidium benthicum (Nagah., Hamam., Nakase & Horikoshi) Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M.Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2014)
- Cystobasidium calyptogenae (Nagah., Hamam., Nakase & Horikoshi) Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M.Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2014)
- Cystobasidium cunninghamiae Q.M.Wang (2024)
- Cystobasidium fimetarium (Schumach.) P.Roberts (1999)
- Cystobasidium halotolerans Fotedar, Boekhout, Fell & Kolecka (2019)
- Cystobasidium iriomotense Tanimura, Sugita & M.Takash. (2018)
- Cystobasidium iriomotense Tanimura, Sugita & M.Takash. ex Denchev & T.Denchev (2021)
- Cystobasidium keelungense C.F.Chang & S.M.Liu (2018)
- Cystobasidium laryngis (Reiersöl) Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M.Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2014)
- Cystobasidium lysinophilum (Nagah., Hamam., Nakase & Horikoshi) Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M. Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2014)
- Cystobasidium minutum (Cif. & Redaelli) Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M.Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2014)
- Cystobasidium ongulense M.Tsuji, Tsujimoto & S.Imura (2017)
- Cystobasidium onofrii Venkateswaran, P.Leo & N.K.Singh (2023)
- Cystobasidium pinicola (F.Y.Bai, L.D.Guo & J.H.Zhao) Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M. Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2014)
- Cystobasidium portillonense (Laich, Vaca & R.Chávez) Q.M.Wang, F.Y.Bai, M.Groenew. & Boekhout (2020)
- Cystobasidium proliferans L.S.Olive (1952)
- Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M.Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2015)
- Cystobasidium raffinophilum Q.M.Wang, F.Y.Bai & A.H.Li (2020)
- Cystobasidium ritchiei Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M.Groenew., Boekhout & Begerow (2015)
- Cystobasidium sebaceum G.W.Martin & Couch (1939)
- Cystobasidium slooffiae (E.K.Novák & Vörös-Felkai) Yurkov, Kachalkin, H.M.Daniel, M. Groenew., Libkind, V.de García, Zalar, Gouliam., Boekhout & Begerow (2014)
- Cystobasidium terricola Q.M.Wang, F.Y.Bai & A.H.Li (2020)
- Cystobasidium tubakii M.Tsuji, Tsujimoto & S.Imura (2017)
References
edit- ^ a b Roberts PJ (1999). "New British Records 164. Cystobasidium fimetarium (Schum.) P. Roberts comb. nov". Mycologist. 13: 171. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(99)80105-0.
- ^ a b Wang, Q.-M.; Yurkov, A.M.; Göker, M.; Lumbsch, H.T.; Leavitt, S.D.; Groenewald, M.; Theelen, B.; Liu, X.Z.; Boekhout, T.; Bai, F.Y. (2015). "Phylogenetic classification of yeasts and related taxa within Pucciniomycotina". Studies in Mycology. 81: 149–189. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.002. PMC 4777780. PMID 26951631. S2CID 20745335.
- ^ Inácio CP, Diniz MV, Araújo PS, Barros MS, Andrade MC, Lima-Neto RG, Macêdo DP, Neves RP (2020). "Bloodstream infection of a cancer patient by Cystobasidium minutum: A case report and literature review". Mycopathologia. 185 (2): 395–398. doi:10.1007/s11046-019-00415-x. PMID 31897974. S2CID 209528276.
- ^ Karajacob AS, Goh JP, Kallarakkal TG, Tay ST (2022). "First isolation and identification of Cystobasidium calyptogenae from the oral samples of an elderly patient presenting with angular cheilitis". Eur J Med Res. 27 (1): 277. doi:10.1186/s40001-022-00884-9. PMC 9724278. PMID 36471451.
- ^ a b Lagerheim G (1898). "Mykologische Studien 1: Beitrage zur Kenntnis der parasitischen Pilze, 1-3". Bih. K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. (Afd III). 24 (4): 1–21, 3p1.
- ^ Yurkov AM, Kachalkin AV, Daniel HM, Groenewald M, Libkind D, de Garcia V, Zalar P, Gouliamova DE, Boekhout T, Begerow D (2015). "Two yeast species Cystobasidium psychroaquaticum f.a. sp. nov. and Cystobasidium rietchieii f.a. sp. nov. isolated from natural environments, and the transfer of Rhodotorula minuta clade members to the genus Cystobasidium". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 107 (1): 173–185. doi:10.1007/s10482-014-0315-0. hdl:11336/12218. PMID 25367339. S2CID 254239871.
- ^ Li A, Yuan F, Groenewald M, Bensch K, Yurkov AM, Li K, Han P, Guo L, Aime MC, Sampaio JP, Jindamorakot S, Turchetti B, Inacio J, Fungsin B, Wang Q, Bai F (2020). "Diversity and phylogeny of basidiomycetous yeasts from plant leaves and soil: Proposal of two new orders, three new families, eight new genera and one hundred and seven new species". Studies in Mycology. 96: 17–140. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2020.01.002. PMC 7082220. PMID 32206137.
- ^ "Cystobasidium". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 22 December 2024.