Cycling at the Summer Paralympics

(Redirected from Cycling at the Paralympics)

Cycling has been contested at every Summer Paralympic Games since the 1984 Summer Paralympics. From an original program of seven road races, the sport is now contested on both road and track, and since 2012 the cycling program at the Paralympics is typically the third largest of any sport in the Games, behind athletics and swimming, and running at approximately 50 separate events.

Cycling at the Summer Paralympics
Governing bodyIPC
Events44 (men: 30; women: 12; mixed: 2)
Games

Summary of editions

edit
Games Year Events Best Nation
1 not held
2 not held
3 not held
4 not held
5 not held
6 not held
7 1984 7   Norway
8 1988 7   South Korea
9 1992 9   Germany
10 1996 23   Australia
11 2000 27   Australia
12 2004 31   Australia
13 2008 44   Great Britain
14 2012 50   Great Britain
15 2016 50   Great Britain
16 2020 51   Great Britain

Classification

edit
 
Cyclists with visual impairments are paired with a sighted pilot. Here Scott McPhee pilots to Kieran Modra's stocker.

Cyclists are given a classification depending on the type and extent of their disability. The classification system allows cyclists to compete against others with a similar level of function.[1]

At the 2008 Summer Paralympics and earlier, classes were:

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, a functional para-cycling classification system was used.

  • B: Cyclists with a vision impairment, using a tandem bicycle
  • T 1–2: Cyclists with cerebral palsy, MS or similar neuro-motor impairment, using a tricycle
  • C 1–5: Cyclists with amputations, neuromotor or musculoskeletal impairment, using a bicycle
  • H 1–4: Cyclists using a handcycle

As a rule, because of the nature of the machine, tricycle racing and handbike racing does not take place in the velodrome, although both tandem and standard bicycles can be used there. With that restriction, generally every class will have four possible individual events to compete in - a road race and extended road time trial, a track time trial of between 500 and 100 metres and a pursuit between 3000 and 4000 metres. In addition, there are a number of team events; a mixed handbike relays on the road, and a mixed team sprint on the track.

Factoring

edit

In some cycling events, cyclists with different classifications compete against each other for one set of medals. Many (but not all) such events are factored, reducing the times of riders in lower classifications to take their greater impairment into account. Factoring percentages are based on average race times by riders in each classification to give a notional equivalent time for each effort compared to riders in other classifications. Real times, however, are still recorded for world and Paralympic records purposes within each classification.[2]

At the 2012 Summer Paralympics, factored races included the mixed tricycle time trial, Women's C1–3 road time trial,[3] Women's H1–2 road time trial and track C1–3 and C4–5 events.

Road cycling

edit

Men's events

edit
Current events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Road race - - X - - X X X X X 6
Time trial X X X X - X X X X X 9
Past events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Team tandem open, time trial - - X - - - - - - - 1

Women's events

edit
Nation 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Road race X - - - - X X X X X 6
Time trial X - X - - X X X X X 7

Mixed events

edit
Current events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Team relay - - - - - - - X X X 3
Past events
Events 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Road race - - - X X - X X - - 4
Time trial - - - X X - X X - - 4

Medal table

edit
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  Great Britain (GBR)26201258
2  France (FRA)24182062
3  United States (USA)23292375
4  Netherlands (NED)23131450
5  Germany (GER)22212063
6  Australia (AUS)18191855
7  Spain (ESP)15182457
8  Italy (ITA)13151341
9  Canada (CAN)991230
10  China (CHN)810624
11  Austria (AUT)711725
12  Ireland (IRL)74314
13  Poland (POL)56415
14  Czech Republic (CZE)53513
15  Switzerland (SUI)49922
16  Belgium (BEL)48921
17  Slovakia (SVK)4329
18  Ukraine (UKR)4318
19  Japan (JPN)42612
20  South Korea (KOR)35513
21  South Africa (RSA)3238
22  Norway (NOR)3137
23  Belarus (BLR)3104
24  Denmark (DEN)2013
25  RPC (RPC)2002
26  New Zealand (NZL)0257
27  Sweden (SWE)0235
28  Czechoslovakia (TCH)0202
  Finland (FIN)0202
  Romania (ROU)0202
31  Portugal (POR)0123
  West Germany (FRG)0123
33  Brazil (BRA)0112
34  Israel (ISR)0101
35  Colombia (COL)0066
36  Lebanon (LIB)0022
37  Argentina (ARG)0011
  Russia (RUS)0011
Totals (38 entries)241244243728

Track cycling

edit

Men's events

edit
Current events
Event 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit - - X X X X X 5
Bicycle, time trial - - X X X X X 5
Tandem, individual pursuit X X X X X X X 7
Tandem, time trial X X X X X X X 7
Past events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, team sprint - - X X - - - 2
Tandem, sprint X X X X - - - 4

Women's events

edit
Current events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, individual pursuit - - - - X X X 3
Bicycle, 500m time trial - - - X X X X 4
Tandem, individual pursuit X X X X X X X 7
Tandem, 1 km time trial X X X X X X X 7
Past events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Bicycle, 1 km time trial - - X - - X - 2
Tandem, sprint - - X - - - - 1

Mixed events

edit
Current events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Team, sprint - X - - X X X 4
Past events
Events 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Years
Omnium X - - - - - - 1
Tandem open, individual pursuit X X - - - - - 2
Tandem open, sprint X X - - X X - 4
Tandem open, time trial X X - - - - - 2

Medal table

edit
RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  Great Britain (GBR)3418961
2  Australia (AUS)27201966
3  China (CHN)1091231
4  United States (USA)7131232
5  Netherlands (NED)66517
6  Italy (ITA)52613
7  Spain (ESP)47920
8  France (FRA)45716
9  Czech Republic (CZE)34512
10  Slovakia (SVK)3227
11  Germany (GER)28717
12  Japan (JPN)2507
13  New Zealand (NZL)2237
14  Austria (AUT)1315
15  Romania (ROU)1102
16  Switzerland (SUI)1012
  Ukraine (UKR)1012
18  Belarus (BLR)1001
  RPC (RPC)1001
20  Canada (CAN)05510
21  Ireland (IRL)0213
22  Norway (NOR)0123
23  Poland (POL)0112
24  South Korea (KOR)0101
25  Colombia (COL)0033
26  Belgium (BEL)0022
27  Argentina (ARG)0011
  South Africa (RSA)0011
Totals (28 entries)115115115345

Overall medal table

edit

Updated to 2020 Summer Paralympics. Countries in italics are former countries who participated in the Paralympics.[4]

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1  Great Britain51301697
2  Australia413534110
3  United States26413299
4  Germany23282273
5  Netherlands19161651
6  France18112150
7  Italy17151446
8  Spain13152149
9  China13151745
10  Canada9131436
11  Austria812828
12  Czech Republic871025
13  Slovakia65415
14  Ireland64414
15  Japan57618
16  Poland57315
17  Switzerland56819
18  Belgium45918
19  Ukraine4217
20  Belarus4105
21  South Korea36514
22  Norway32510
23  South Africa3238
24  RPC3003
25  New Zealand23712
26  Romania1304
27  Denmark1001
28  Sweden0224
29  Czechoslovakia (TCH)0202
  Finland0202
31  West Germany (FRG)0123
32  Brazil0112
  Portugal0112
34  Israel0101
35  Colombia0055
36  Argentina0022
  Lebanon0022
38  Russia0011
Totals (38 entries)301301296898

Nations

edit
Nation 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 Total
  Afghanistan (AFG)             2 2 2
  Albania (ALB)             1 1
  Argentina (ARG)             1 3 3 5 4
  Australia (AUS)             1 8 14 22 19 17 15 15 8
  Austria (AUT)             1 4 7 9 7 11 7 4 8
  Barbados (BAR)             1 1 2
  Belarus (BLR)             2 4 6 6 2 5
  Belgium (BEL)             3 7 5 2 1 3 4 8 8
  Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH)             1 1
  Brazil (BRA)             1 1 2 1 2 2 5 7
  Burkina Faso (BUR)             2 2 1 2 4
  Canada (CAN)             4 3 15 7 10 12 15 15 14 9
  China (CHN)             6 8 8 11 4
  Colombia (COL)             1 4 3 6 4
  Costa Rica (CRC)             1 1 2
  Croatia (CRO)             1 2 2
  Cuba (CUB)             1 1 2
  Czech Republic (CZE)             3 6 8 8 8 8 6
  Czechoslovakia (TCH)             1 3 2
  Denmark (DEN)             1 3 2 2 4
  Dominican Republic (DOM)             1 1 2
  Estonia (EST)             1 1
  Finland (FIN)             1 2 2 2 3 5
  France (FRA)             1 6 16 17 18 9 9 14 5 9
  Germany (GER)             9 13 13 17 17 16 15 7
  Ghana (GHA)             1 1 2
  Great Britain (GBR)             1 1 7 8 8 8 12 19 20 9
  Greece (GRE)             4 2 5 6 4
  Haiti (HAI)             1 1
  Hungary (HUN)             2 1
  Iran (IRI)             1 1 1 3
  Ireland (IRL)             1 3 6 10 10 5
  Israel (ISR)             1 1 3 1 4
  Italy (ITA)             8 12 9 7 9 13 13 7
  Japan (JPN)             2 7 6 5 4 5 6
  Lebanon (LBN)             1 1 2
  Luxembourg (LUX)             1 2 2
  Malaysia (MAS)             2 4 2
  Mexico (MEX)             1 1
  Netherlands (NED)             3 4 7 3 5 6 11 18 8
  New Zealand (NZL)             2 5 6 8 4
  Norway (NOR)             3 2 4 4 6 7 1 2 1 9
  Pakistan (PAK)             1 1
  Peru (PER)             1 1
  Poland (POL)             3 6 6 12 4
  Portugal (POR)             3 1 1 1 2 5
  Romania (ROU)             1 3 2 2 4
  Russia (RUS)             2 1
  Serbia (SRB)             2 1
  Singapore (SGP)             2 2 2
  Slovakia (SVK)             2 4 4 4 6 5 6
  Slovenia (SLO)             1 1 1 1 4
  South Africa (RSA)             4 7 6 6 4
  South Korea (KOR)             10 5 3 4 2 2 2 3 8
  Spain (ESP)             17 26 23 14 16 16 12 7
  Sweden (SWE)             1 1 4 3
  Switzerland (SUI)             6 6 8 8 5 8 7 7
  Ukraine (UKR)             1 1 2
  Unified Team (EUN)             2 1
  United States (USA)             3 11 30 35 35 18 13 17 24 9
  Venezuela (VEN)             1 1 2 2 2 5
  West Germany (FRG)             3 1 2
Nations 8 11 19 23 25 39 39 48 45
Competitors 22 40 149 181 202 196 220 223 235
Year 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Cycling Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Paralympic Committee
  2. ^ "Paralympics: Cyclist wins GB's first medal". Channel 4. 30 August 2012. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  3. ^ "Cycling - Road". Australian Paralympic Committee. Archived from the original on 13 February 2013. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
  4. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2023-10-25. Retrieved 2023-10-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)