The Cutback Amendment (formally named the "Size of State House of Representatives Amendment"; and also known as both "Amendment 1" and the "Legislative Article")[1][2][3] is an amendment to the Illinois Constitution that abolished multi-member districts in the Illinois House of Representatives and the process of cumulative voting.[4] Before the amendment, the Illinois General Assembly was divided into 59 legislative districts, each of which elected one senator and three representatives. In state house elections, voters could vote three times for one candidate or spread their votes between two or three candidates. When the Cutback Amendment was approved in 1980, the total number of House representatives was reduced from 177 to 118 and members were elected from single-member districts formed by dividing the 59 Senate districts in half. The movement to pass the bill was largely led by Democrats Pat Quinn and Harry Yourell.[5]
The amendment was passed via a referendum and popularly seen as a way to punish the legislature for voting to give itself a 40% raise.[6] It amended Article IV, Sections 1, 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Illinois.[1]
Passage
editVoters approved the measure by referendum on November 4, 1980. In order to be approved, the measure required either 60% support among those specifically voting on the measure or 50% support among all ballots cast in the 1980 Illinois elections.[1] Ultimately, the threshold of 60% among those voting on the measure was met. Alongside the Sale of Tax Delinquent Property Amendment, it became one of the first two amendments adopted following the 1970 passage of the revised Constitution of Illinois.[1]
| Illinois Size of State House of Representatives Amendment[1][2] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Option | Votes | % of votes on measure |
% of all ballots cast |
| Yes | 2,112,224 | 68.70 | 43.38 |
| No | 962,325 | 31.30 | 19.77 |
| Total votes | 3,074,549 | 100 | 63.15 |
Calls for repeal
editSince the adoption of the Cutback Amendment, there have been proposals by some major political figures in Illinois to bring back multi-member districts. A task force led by former governor Jim Edgar and former federal judge Abner Mikva issued a report in 2001 calling for the revival of cumulative voting,[7] in part because it appears that such a system increases the representation of racial minorities in elected office.[8] The Chicago Tribune editorialized in 1995 that the multi-member districts elected with cumulative voting produced better legislators.[9] Others have argued that the now-abandoned system provided for greater "stability" in the lower house.[10]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Illinois Constitution - Amendments Proposed". www.ilga.gov. Illinois General Assembly. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
- ^ a b "Illinois Size of State House of Representatives Amendment (1980)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
- ^ "OFFICIAL VOTE Cast at the GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 4, 1980" (PDF). www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
- ^ "Cutback Amendment". Illinois Issues. November 1980. Archived from the original on 2008-05-16. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ Schaller, Robert. "The 'Cutback Amendment' and diversity in the House". Illinois Issues. Sangamon State University. pp. 9–10. ISSN 0738-9663.
- ^ "Illinois drives to revive cumulative voting". April 21, 2006. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved 2010-06-20.
- ^ "FairVote - Illinois' Drive to Revive Cumulative Voting". Archive.fairvote.org. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- ^ "FairVote - Black Representation Under Cumulative Voting in Illinois". Archive.fairvote.org. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- ^ Farrell, John. "Cumulative Voting – Illinois | Institute for Local Self-Reliance". Newrules.org. Archived from the original on 2011-01-05. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
- ^ Hyneman, Charles S.; Morgan, Julian D. "32 Illinois Law Review 1937-1938 Cumulative Voting in Illinois". Illinois Law Review. 32. Heinonline.org: 12. Retrieved 2015-06-01.
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