The Curiel family (Dutch: Curiël or also known as: da Costa) is a prominent Sephardi Jewish family.
| Curiel קוריאל | |
|---|---|
| Jewish noble family | |
| Current region | Western Europe |
| Place of origin | Curiel de Duero, Castile, Spain |
| Founded | 14th century |
| Titles | Knights of the royal household of Portugal and Barons |
| Style(s) | Knight |
| Traditions | Judaism |
| Motto | Merite |
Until the late 18th century, the family held diplomatic positions for the Portuguese Crown in Hamburg and Amsterdam.[1]
History
editThe family's origins date back to the 14th century in Curiel de Duero, Castile, Spain.[2][3][4] Part of the Sephardic community in Spain, the Curiel family settled in Coimbra, Portugal, after the 1492 Spanish decree that ordered the expulsion of all Jews who refused conversion to Catholicism.[5][6] Abraham Curiel was an eminent physician in Lisbon and ensured that his children practiced Judaism. They were ennobled in 1641 by João IV of Portugal and hold noble titles in Portugal, Spain and the Netherlands. The Curiel family has links to banking and commerce, the arts, literature and politics.[7][8]
In 1647, David Curiel financed the Spanish delegation to the Peace of Westphalia.[9] Many members of the family sponsored Hebrew scholarship and practiced Judaism, either openly or as crypto-Jews.
Hamburg
editHistorian Jonathan Israel wrote that in the seventeenth century, "the new Hamburg synagogue, a place of worship for some eight hundred Sephardi Jews, was filled with emblems and reminders of the Curiel family. The eternal lamp, the Ner Tamid, was provided by Jacob Curiel, as was the oil for keeping the lamp burning. And also the bimah that stood at the centre of the synagogue, the shelves which lined it being reserved for the use of Jacob and his family."[10]
Amsterdam
editIsrael wrote that Moses Curiel of Amsterdam was "renowned for his wealth, the prestige he enjoyed among non-Jews (the Stadholder William III stayed at his house for three days during one of his later visits to Amsterdam), and his handsome donations to the Amsterdam Portuguese Synagogue, his name figured constantly in Dutch Jewish community life and synagogue politics for over half a century." He continues: "his opulent residence on the Nieuwe Herengracht, then called the Joden Herengracht, in Amsterdam, testified to the seigneurial grandeur of his life-style and his pretensions to leadership among the Portuguese Jewish 'nation' as the community was known in Holland."[11]
Israel noted that Nathan Curiel possessed a 'medieval illuminated Hebrew Bible of expectational beauty' which his father, Moses Curiel, had purchased from a Spanish Jew from North Africa. According to Israel, this Bible is considered 'the oldest and most venerable item possessed by Dutch Jewry.'[12]
Notable members
edit- Israel ben Meir di Curiel (1501–1573), rabbi at Safed, Ottoman Palestine[13]
- Jacob Curiel of Coimbra (1514-1576), Portuguese merchant and pirate[14]
- Jerónimo de Curiel (c. 1530-1578), Spanish merchant and diplomat[15]
- Alonso de Curiel (d. 1603), Spanish merchant and diplomat, son of Diego de Curiel[16]
- Francisco de Vitoria (1540-1592), Roman Catholic Bishop, brother of Abraham Curiel[17]
- Abraham Curiel (1545-1609), Portuguese physician[18]
- Juan Alfonso de Curiel (d. 1609) Professor of philosophy at the University of Salamanca, converted to Catholicism[19]
- David Curiel (1594-1666), Portuguese merchant and diplomat[20]
- Jacob Curiel (1587-1664), Portuguese merchant and diplomat[21]
- Moses Curiel (1620-1697), Portuguese merchant and diplomat[22]
- Alexandre Nunes da Costa (1655-1712), alias Selomoh Curiel, merchant and diplomat[23]
- Luis Curiel (1655-1724), Spanish lawyer and diplomat, converted to Catholicism[24]
- Nathan Curiel (1666-1737), diplomat and collector of antiques[25]
- Juan Curiel (1690-1775), Spanish intellectual and founding member of the Royal Spanish Academy, son of Luis[26]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Curiel". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2019-11-27.
- ^ Samuel, Edgar; England, Jewish Historical Society of (2004). At the end of the earth: essays on the history of the Jews in England and Portugal. Jewish Historical Society of England. ISBN 9780902528376.
- ^ "Curiel". www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Retrieved 2019-10-30.
- ^ Jones, Michael (1986). Gentry and Lesser Nobility in Late Medieval Europe. Sutton. ISBN 9780862992804.
- ^ "The Curiel Family in 16th-century Portugal". Jewish Historical Society of England. Archived from the original on 2019-10-31. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
- ^ Samuel, Edgar; England, Jewish Historical Society of (2004). At the end of the earth: essays on the history of the Jews in England and Portugal. Jewish Historical Society of England. ISBN 9780902528376.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1997-01-01). Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 9781852851613.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1990-01-01). Empires and Entrepots: Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy and the Jews, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 9781852850227.
- ^ "Ramirez, Lopo - The Spinoza Web". spinozaweb.org. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1990-01-01). Empires and Entrepots: Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy and the Jews, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 9781852850227.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1997-01-01). Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 9781852851613.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1997-01-01). Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85285-161-3.
- ^ Pinto, Baruh B. (2004). The Sephardic Onomasticon: an etymological research on Sephardic family names of the Jews living in Turkey. Gözlem Gazetecilik Basın ve Yayın. ISBN 9789757304784.
- ^ "Family tree of Yaakov Curiel - A\K\A Duarte Nunes Da Costa". Geneanet. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ^ "Jerónimo Curiel | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ^ "curiel_alonso". dutchrevolt.leiden.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ^ Roth, Cecil (1975). A History of the Marranos. Arno Press. ISBN 978-0-405-06742-6.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1997-01-01). Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 9781852851613.
- ^ "Curiel, Juan Alfonso - Scholasticon". scholasticon.msh-lse.fr. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ^ Stuczynski, Claude B.; Feitler, Bruno (2018-06-14). Portuguese Jews, New Christians, and 'New Jews': A Tribute to Roberto Bachmann. BRILL. ISBN 9789004364974.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1990-01-01). Empires and Entrepots: Dutch, the Spanish Monarchy and the Jews, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 9781852850227.
- ^ Bodian, Miriam (1999). Hebrews of the Portuguese Nation: Conversos and Community in Early Modern Amsterdam. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253213518.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1997-07-01). Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-8264-3553-8.
- ^ "Luis Francisco Curiel y Tejada | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
- ^ Israel, Jonathan (1997-01-01). Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713. A&C Black. ISBN 978-1-85285-161-3.
- ^ "Juan Antonio Curiel | Real Academia de la Historia". dbe.rah.es. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
Further reading
edit- I. Da Costa, Noble Families Among the Sephardi Jews, (Gordon Press Publishers, 1976), ISBN 0849023491
- Daniel M. Swetschinski, Reluctant Cosmopolitans: The Portuguese Jews of Seventeenth-century Amsterdam, (Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 2004), ISBN 1904113125
- Jonathan Israel, Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713, (A&C Black, 1997)
- Israel, Lopo Ramirez (David Curiel) and the Attempt to Establish a Sephardi Community in Antwerp in 1653-1654, (Peeters Publishers, 1994)