The Crabronidae is a large family of wasps within the superfamily Apoidea.[1][2]
| Crabronidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tachysphex sp. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Superfamily: | Apoidea |
| Family: | Crabronidae Latreille, 1802 |
| Subfamilies | |
Taxonomy and phylogeny
editThis family was historically treated as a subfamily in the now-defunct Spheciformes group under the family Sphecidae. This group collectively included well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species.[citation needed] Revision of these taxa resulted resulted in the restriction of the Sphecidae to what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. As a result, the former Crabroninae was elevated to family status as Crabronidae. Subsequent revision has further restricted the Crabronidae. Several of the subfamilies of the Crabronidae are often treated as families in their own right, as is true of the most recent phylogenies. Of these lineages of Apoidea, only three were not included within Crabronidae in the past: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, and Anthophila.
The following phylogenetic tree is based on Sann et al., 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and the Sphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is therefore paraphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former family Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as here defined.[1] These findings differ in several details from studies published by two other sets of authors in 2017, though all three studies demonstrate a paraphyletic "Crabronidae" and the need to establish additional families.[3][4]
| Apoidea | |
Further analysis by Sann et al. in 2021 resulted in the former Entomosericini (from Pemphredoninae) and Eremiaspheciinae being elevated to family status as Entomosericidae and Eremiaspheciidae, respectively. The true phylogentic placements for both small families remain unresolved but outside of either Pemphredonidae, Psenidae, and the lineage comprising Ammoplanidae and bees.[2]
Genera
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Sann, Manuela; Niehuis, Oliver; Peters, Ralph S.; Mayer, Christoph; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Bank, Sarah; Meusemann, Karen; Misof, Bernhard; Bleidorn, Christoph; Ohl, Michael (2018). "Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18 (1): 71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8. PMC 5960199. PMID 29776336.
- ^ a b Sann, Manuela; Meusemann, Karen; Niehuis, Oliver; Escalona, Hermes E.; Mokrousov, Mikhail; Ohl, Michael; Pauli, Thomas; Schmid-Egger, Christian (2021). "Reanalysis of the apoid wasp phylogeny with additional taxa and sequence data confirms the placement of Ammoplanidae as sister to bees". Systematic Entomology. 46 (3): 558–569. doi:10.1111/syen.12475.
- ^ Branstetter, Michael G.; Danforth, Bryan N.; Pitts, James P.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Ward, Philip S.; Buffington, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.; Kula, Robert R.; Brady, Seán G. (2017). "Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1019–1025. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027. PMID 28376325.
- ^ Peters, Ralph S.; Krogmann, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Donath, Alexander; Gunkel, Simon; Meusemann, Karen; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Petersen, Malte (2017). "Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1013–1018. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027. hdl:2434/801122. PMID 28343967.
Sources
editExternal links
edit
- Image Gallery from Gembloux Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
- Larra spp., mole cricket hunters on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site