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Habersham County, Georgia

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Habersham County is a county in the Northeast region of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 46,031.[1] The county seat is Clarkesville.[2] The county was created on December 15, 1818, and named for Colonel Joseph Habersham of the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War.[3]

Habersham County
County
Fire Tower on Chenocetah Mountain.
Fire Tower on Chenocetah Mountain.
Official seal of Habersham County
Seal
Map of Georgia highlighting Habersham County
Location within the U.S. state of Georgia
Map of the United States highlighting Georgia
Georgia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 34°38′N 83°32′W / 34.63°N 83.53°W / 34.63; -83.53
Country United States
State Georgia
Founded1818; 206 years ago (1818)
Named forJoseph Habersham
SeatClarkesville
Largest cityCornelia
Area
 • Total
279 sq mi (720 km2)
 • Land277 sq mi (720 km2)
 • Water2.3 sq mi (6 km2)  0.8%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
46,031
 • Density166/sq mi (64/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district9th
Websitewww.habershamga.com

Habersham County comprises the Cornelia, GA Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 279 square miles (720 km2), of which 277 square miles (720 km2) is land and 2.3 square miles (6.0 km2) (0.8%) is water.[4] The county is located within the Blue Ridge Mountains, a segment of the Appalachian Mountains. The county also includes part of the Chattahoochee National Forest.

The highest point in the county is a 4,400-foot (1,300 m) knob less than 700 feet (210 m) southeast of the top of Tray Mountain, the seventh-highest mountain in Georgia. Habersham shares this portion of Tray Mountain, just 30 vertical feet shy of the peak's 4,430-foot summit, with White County to the west and Towns County to the north. 2.4 miles to the northeast of Tray Mountain is Young Lick (elevation 3,809 feet (1,161 m)). The Appalachian Trail runs along the top of the high ridge between Young Lick and Tray, a part of the Blue Ridge Mountain crest.

Habersham is mostly located in the Upper Chattahoochee River sub-basin of the ACF River Basin (Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin), with the northeastern corner of the county located in the Tugaloo River sub-basin in the larger Savannah River basin, and the southeastern portion located in the Broad River sub-basin of the same Savannah River basin.[5]

The Chattahoochee River rises in what used to be Habersham County, as portrayed in Sidney Lanier's poem "Song of the Chattahoochee":

Out of the hills of Habersham,
Down the valleys of Hall,
I hurry amain to reach the plain,
Run the rapid and leap the fall,
Split at the rock and together again.

The county, originally comprising much of Northeast Georgia, was cut up dramatically in the latter half of the 19th century and the first years of the 20th century; as population increased in the area, new counties were organized from it and borders were changed. In 1857, its most western part was added to Lumpkin County, which had been created in 1832. That same year, the area east of Lumpkin and west of present-day Habersham became White County. In 1859, Banks County was carved from Habersham's southernmost territory. Finally, in 1905, Stephens County was formed from parts of Habersham and Banks.

Major highways

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Adjacent counties

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Education

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Photograph of a classroom full of students observing a poster on a chalkboard wall, Clarkesville, Habersham County, Georgia, 1950

All of Habersham County is served by the Habersham County School District.[6]

The Tallulah Falls School is located in Tallulah Falls. Piedmont University and North Georgia Technical College are also located in Habersham county.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18203,145—
183010,671239.3%
18407,961−25.4%
18508,89511.7%
18605,966−32.9%
18706,3226.0%
18808,71837.9%
189011,57332.7%
190013,60417.5%
191010,134−25.5%
192010,7305.9%
193012,74818.8%
194014,77115.9%
195016,55312.1%
196018,1169.4%
197020,69114.2%
198025,02020.9%
199027,62110.4%
200035,90230.0%
201043,04119.9%
202046,0316.9%
2023 (est.)48,757[7]5.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1880[9] 1890-1910[10]
1920-1930[11] 1930-1940[12]
1940-1950[13] 1960-1980[14]
1980-2000[15] 2010[16] 2020[17]

2020 census

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Habersham County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[18] Pop 2010[16] Pop 2020[17] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 30,486 34,621 34,694 84.91% 80.44% 75.37%
Black or African American alone (NH) 1,551 1,412 1,722 4.32% 3.28% 3.74%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 89 81 83 0.25% 0.19% 0.18%
Asian alone (NH) 664 955 990 1.85% 2.22% 2.15%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 30 47 35 0.08% 0.11% 0.08%
Other race alone (NH) 5 34 109 0.01% 0.08% 0.24%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) 327 558 1,518 0.91% 1.30% 3.30%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 2,750 5,333 6,880 7.66% 12.39% 14.95%
Total 35,902 43,041 46,031 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 46,031 people, 15,139 households, and 10,440 families residing in the county.

2010 census

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As of the 2010 United States census, there were 43,041 people, 15,472 households, and 11,307 families living in the county.[19] The population density was 155.5 inhabitants per square mile (60.0/km2). There were 18,146 housing units at an average density of 65.6 units per square mile (25.3 units/km2).[20] The racial makeup of the county was 85.7% white, 3.4% black or African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.5% American Indian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 6.3% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 12.4% of the population.[19] In terms of ancestry, 15.6% were English, 13.9% were Irish, 13.7% were American, and 9.9% were German.[21]

Of the 15,472 households, 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.8% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 26.9% were non-families, and 23.2% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.08. The median age was 38.6 years.[19]

The median income for a household in the county was $40,192 and the median income for a family was $49,182. Males had a median income of $35,974 versus $27,971 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,286. About 15.7% of families and 19.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.2% of those under age 18 and 12.5% of those age 65 or over.[22]

2000 census

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As of the census[23] of 2000,[needs update] there were 35,902 people, 13,259 households, and 9,851 families living in the county. The population density was 129 people per square mile (50 people/km2). There were 14,634 housing units at an average density of 53 units per square mile (20 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 88.88% White, 4.48% Black or African American, 1.89% Asian, 0.29% Native American, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 2.99% from other races, and 1.36% from two or more races. 7.66% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 13,259 households, out of which 32.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.90% were married couples living together, 9.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.70% were non-families. 22.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.50% under the age of 18, 11.10% from 18 to 24, 28.50% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 13.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 105.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.00 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $36,321, and the median income for a family was $42,235. Males had a median income of $28,803 versus $23,046 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,706. About 8.80% of families and 12.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.40% of those under age 18 and 15.00% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

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A parade float with a replica of the Habersham County Courthouse, Clarkesville, Habersham County, Georgia

As of 2012, the county is split into 14 voting precincts:[24]

Ty Akins serves as chairman of the Board of County Commissioners as of July 2022. Since 2011, Habersham County has been represented in the Georgia House of Representatives by Republican member Terry Rogers. Habersham County was represented in the US House of Representatives as part of the 10th District. Representative Charlie Norwood represented the county for one month, until his death (February 13, 2007). The seat remained vacant until a special election in July 2007, which was won by Republican Paul Broun, an Athens physician. Broun served in the House until 2014, when he ran unsuccessfully for the Republican nomination for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by the retiring Saxby Chambliss.

With the 2012 reapportionment, Habersham County became part of the 9th congressional district. Former Georgia House of Representatives member Doug Collins won the seat in the 2016 election.

Habersham county is the current home of former governor Nathan Deal after his term expired in 2019.

Habersham County became the first Second Amendment sanctuary county in Georgia on January 13, 2020.

United States presidential election results for Habersham County, Georgia[25]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2024 19,142 81.91% 4,036 17.27% 192 0.82%
2020 16,637 81.39% 3,562 17.42% 243 1.19%
2016 13,190 80.76% 2,483 15.20% 660 4.04%
2012 12,166 82.90% 2,301 15.68% 209 1.42%
2008 11,766 79.18% 2,900 19.52% 193 1.30%
2004 10,434 78.59% 2,750 20.71% 92 0.69%
2000 6,964 71.86% 2,530 26.11% 197 2.03%
1996 4,730 51.93% 3,170 34.80% 1,208 13.26%
1992 4,569 50.02% 3,098 33.92% 1,467 16.06%
1988 4,871 69.45% 2,114 30.14% 29 0.41%
1984 4,647 68.62% 2,125 31.38% 0 0.00%
1980 2,224 32.80% 4,394 64.80% 163 2.40%
1976 1,315 20.44% 5,120 79.56% 0 0.00%
1972 971 84.95% 172 15.05% 0 0.00%
1968 1,611 28.32% 1,070 18.81% 3,008 52.87%
1964 1,595 31.84% 3,412 68.12% 2 0.04%
1960 895 26.13% 2,530 73.87% 0 0.00%
1956 855 27.31% 2,276 72.69% 0 0.00%
1952 921 25.81% 2,647 74.19% 0 0.00%
1948 368 17.77% 1,477 71.32% 226 10.91%
1944 504 21.48% 1,842 78.52% 0 0.00%
1940 421 18.55% 1,840 81.06% 9 0.40%
1936 424 18.21% 1,884 80.93% 20 0.86%
1932 225 11.56% 1,693 86.95% 29 1.49%
1928 1,404 55.96% 1,105 44.04% 0 0.00%
1924 322 27.01% 808 67.79% 62 5.20%
1920 626 55.45% 503 44.55% 0 0.00%
1916 48 3.23% 1,032 69.45% 406 27.32%
1912 45 5.31% 485 57.26% 317 37.43%

Prison

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The Georgia Department of Corrections operates the Arrendale State Prison in an unincorporated area in the county, near Alto.[26]

Lee Arrendale State Prison was built in 1926. The prison was named after Lee Arrendale, former chairman of the Georgia Board of Corrections, after he and his wife were killed in a plane crash.[citation needed] The facility was originally constructed as a tuberculosis (TB) hospital, when treatment consisted primarily of rest in sanatoriums. It operated until the mid-1950s; with antibiotics, TB was better controlled and such hospitals were no longer needed. The facility was transferred to the Georgia Prison system.

Once acquired by the Georgia Department of Corrections, it was first used to house youthful offenders from ages 18–25. Over a short amount of time, Lee Arrendale prison gained a bad reputation as the second most violent all-male prison in the state. In 2005, however the Department of Corrections decided to make the prison an exclusive general purpose women's prison. As a result of the prison's past troubles and reputation for violence, the state decided to make this change to improve the prison's status in the state. In March 2006, the prison took in 350 women prisoners from Georgia's overflowing jail system to start this process.

Lee Arrendale is also home to the United States' first all-female fire department[citation needed] and the state's first inmate fire department,[citation needed], thanks to the Georgia Department of Corrections' (GDC) Fire Services Division. The GDC operates many fire departments throughout the state, staffed solely by inmates, who are supervised by GDC employees. Such inmates are trained as certified officers but as professional firefighters. The inmate firefighter program provides fire protection to the largely rural communities without local or volunteer fire departments near the prisons, as well as to other locations in Georgia during emergencies. Inmates are trained and certified in accordance with Georgia law and the Georgia Firefighter Standards and Training Council, as with any regular fire department. In 2007, inmate fire squads responded to the wildfires in South Georgia near Waycross, Georgia,[citation needed] in addition to the hundreds of other alarms they received statewide.

Communities

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Cities

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Towns

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Census-designated place

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Unincorporated communities

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Habersham County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 27, 2022.
  2. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. ^ Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (PDF). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 101. ISBN 0-915430-00-2. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 17, 2003.
  4. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  5. ^ "Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission Interactive Mapping Experience". Georgia Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
  6. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Habersham County, GA" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 14, 2022. Retrieved August 1, 2022. - Text list
  7. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  8. ^ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". United States Census Bureau.
  9. ^ "1880 Census Population by Counties 1790-1800" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880.
  10. ^ "1910 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1910.
  11. ^ "1930 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1930.
  12. ^ "1940 Census of Population - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1940.
  13. ^ "1950 Census of Population - Georgia -" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1950.
  14. ^ "1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1980.
  15. ^ "2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Georgia" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2000.
  16. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Habersham County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
  17. ^ a b "P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Habersham County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
  18. ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Habersham County, Georgia". United States Census Bureau.
  19. ^ a b c "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  20. ^ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  21. ^ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  22. ^ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2015.
  23. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  24. ^ Habersham delays consolidation of voting precincts[permanent dead link‍], a June 19, 2012, article by Rob Moore from AccessNorthGa.com. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
  25. ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
  26. ^ "Arrendale State Prison Archived 2014-01-16 at the Wayback Machine." Georgia Department of Corrections. Retrieved on November 15, 2010. "ADDRESS: 2023 GAINESVILLE HWY, SOUTH POST OFFICE BOX 709, ALTO, GA 30510."
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34°38′N 83°32′W / 34.63°N 83.53°W / 34.63; -83.53

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