Coptoclavidae is an extinct family of aquatic beetles in the suborder Adephaga.[1][2] The Coptoclavidae lived from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous.[3] Coptoclavidae is a member of the adephagan clade Dytiscoidea,[4][5][6] which contains other aquatic beetles. Suggested reasons for their extinction to include the rise of teleost fish, or competition with Gyrinidae and Dytiscidae, which possess defensive secretions and sucking channels in the mandibles of larvae, which coptoclavids likely lacked. It has been suggested that the genus Timarchopsis and the subfamily Timarchopsinae are only distantly related to other coptoclavids based on cladistic analysis, with Timarchopsis being more closely related to geadephagans like carabids and trachypachids instead.[7] Another study also suggested similarly for Coptoclavisca and possibly other coptoclaviscines.[8]
| Coptoclavidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Holcoptera giebeli (specimen NMHUK PI II.3101) | |
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| Larva of Coptoclava | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Adephaga |
| Family: | †Coptoclavidae Ponomarenko, 1961 |
| Subfamilies | |
|
Charonoscaphinae | |
Taxonomy
edit- †Agrascapha Lin, 1992 – Huangshanjie Formation, China, Carnian
- †Amblycephalonius Bode, 1953 – Posidonia Shale, Germany, Toarcian
- subfamily †Charonoscaphinae Ponomarenko, 1977
- †Charonoscapha Ponomarenko, 1977 – Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
- †Charonoscaphidia Ponomarenko, 1977 – Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
- †Coptoclavia Ping, 1928 – Cassange Group, Upper Triassic
- subfamily †Coptoclavinae Ponomarenko, 1961
- †Bolbonectes Ponomarenko, 1987
- †Bolbonectes intermedius Ponomarenko, 1987 – Byankino Formation, Russia, Tithonian; Leskovskaya Formation, Russia, Barremian
- †Bolbonectes occidentalis Ponomarenko, 1993 – Ichetuy Formation, Russia, Oxfordian
- †Bolbonectus lithographicus Ponomarenko and Martínez-Delclòs, 2000 – La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Spain, Barremian
- †Coptoclava Ping, 1928 – Ustkarskaya Formation, Russia, Hauterivian; Dabeigou Formation, China, Hauterivian; Kutinskaya Formation, Russia, Barremian; Dalazi Formation, Laiyang Formation, Jianchang Formation, Shouchang Formation, Jiufotang Formation, Chijinbao Formation, Aptian; Zaza Formation, Gidarinskaya Formation, Mangutskaya Formation, Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian
- †Hoyaclava Soriano et al., 2007 – Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian
- †Megacoptoclava Ponomarenko and Martínez-Delclòs, 2000 – Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian
- †Bolbonectes Ponomarenko, 1987
- subfamily †Coptoclaviscinae Soriano et al., 2007
- †Coptoclavella Ponomarenko, 1980
- †Coptoclavella elegans Ponomarenko, 1980 – Mogotuin Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
- †Coptoclavella inexpecta Soriano et al., 2007 – La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Spain, Barremian
- †Coptoclavella jurassica Ponomarenko, 2014 – Sharteg, Mongolia, Tithonian
- †Coptoclavella minor Ponomarenko, 1980 – Takshin Formation, Kalgan Formation Russia, Callovian; Daya Formation, Russia, Hauterivian; Mogotuin Formation, Mongolia, Aptian; Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian
- †Coptoclavella purbeckensis Ponomarenko et al., 2005 – Durlston Formation, United Kingdom, Berriasian
- †Coptoclavella vittata Ponomarenko, 1986 – Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
- †Coptoclavella striata Ponomarenko, 1986 – Gurvan-Eren Formation, Mongolia, Aptian
- †Coptoclavisca Ponomarenko, 1987 – Laiyang Formation, China, Aptian; Tsagaantsav Formation, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous
- †Stargelytron Ponomarenko, 2015 – Röt Formation, Germany, Anisian; Hassberge Formation, Germany, Carnian
- †Coptoclavella Ponomarenko, 1980
- †Euroscapha Lin, 1992 – Huangshanjie Formation, China, Carnian
- †Holcoptera Handlirsch, 1906
- †Holcoptera alisonae Kelly et al., 2017 – Charmouth Mudstone Formation, United Kingdom, Sinemurian
- †Holcoptera giebeli Handlirsch, 1906 – Lilstock Formation, United Kingdom, Rhaetian; Charmouth Mudstone Formation, United Kingdom, Sinemurian
- †Holcoptera pigmentatus Kelly et al., 2017 – Lilstock Formation, United Kingdom, Rhaetian; Portland Formation, Connecticut, Hettangian; Mount Toby Formation, Massachusetts, Hettangian
- †Holcoptera schlotheimi (Giebel, 1856) (=Holcoptera confluens Cockerell, 1915) – Argilliti di Riva di Solto Formation, Italy, Norian; Lilstock Formation, United Kingdom, Rhaetian; Blue Lias, United Kingdom, Hettangian; Portland Formation, Connecticut, Hettangian
- †Holcoptera solitensis Kelly et al., 2017 – Cow Branch Formation, North Carolina, Norian
- subfamily †Hispanoclavinae Soriano et al., 2007
- †Hispanoclavina Soriano et al., 2007 – Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian
- subfamily †Timarchopsinae Wang et al., 2010
- †Actea Germar, 1842 – Solnhofen, Germany, Tithonian
- †Daohugounectes Wang et al., 2009 – Daohugou, China, Callovian
- †Ditomoptera Germar, 1839 – Solnhofen, Germany, Tithonian
- †Exedia Ponomarenko, 1977 – Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
- †Ovonectes Soriano et al., 2007 – Las Hoyas, Spain, Barremian
- †Protonectes Prokin and Ponomarenko, 2013 – Hassberge Formation, Germany, Carnian
- †Pseudohydrophilus Deichmüller, 1886 – Solnhofen, Germany, Tithonian
- †Stygeonectes Ponomarenko, 1977 – Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian; Udinskaya Formation, Russia, Callovian; Uda Formation, Ichetuy Formation, Russia, Oxfordian; Glushkovo Formation, Russia, Tithonian; Leskovskaya Formation, Bukachacha Formation, Russia, Barremian; Godymboyskaya Formation, Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian
- †Timarchopsis Brauer et al., 1889
- †Timarchopsis aquaticus Ponomarenko, 1977 – Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian; Ichetuy Formation, Russia, Oxfordian
- †Timarchopsis cyrenaicus Ponomarenko, 1977 – Algeria, Hauterivian
- †Timarchopsis czekanowskii Brauer et al., 1889 – Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Russia, Toarcian
- †Timarchopsis gigas Ponomarenko, 1977 – Karabastau Formation, Kazakhstan, Callovian
- †Timarchopsis gobiensis Ponomarenko, 1987 – Ulaan-Ereg Formation, Mongolia, Tithonian
- †Timarchopsis latus Ponomarenko, 1977 – Sagul Formation, Kyrgyzstan, Toarcian
- †Timarchopsis longus Ponomarenko, 2014 – Sharteg, Mongolia, Tithonian
- †Timarchopsis mongolicus Ponomarenko, 1985 – Zhargalant Formation, Mongolia, Bathonian
- †Timarchopsis sainshandensis Ponomarenko, 1987 – Khamarkhoburinskaya Formation, Mongolia, Aalenian
- †Tuhanectes Hong, 1995 – Sanjianfang Formation, China, Bathonian
References
edit- ^ Tree of Life Web Project. 1995. Liadytidae. Liadytes. Version 1 January 1995 (temporary). [1].01.01 in The Tree of Life Web Project, [2]
- ^ Ivan Löbl & Aleš Smetana (May 2003). "1". Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga. Vol. 1. Apollo Books. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-87-88757-73-6.
- ^ Grimaldi, David and Michael S. Engel (16 May 2005). Evolution of the Insects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82149-5.
- ^ Ponomarenko, A. G., Arnoldy, L., Jerikin, V. V., & Nikritin, L. M. (1992). Mesozoic Coleoptera. Suborder Adephaga, 1.
- ^ Wang, B.; Ponomarenko, A. G.; Zhang, H. -Ch. (15 December 2009). "A new coptoclavid larva (Coleoptera: Adephaga: Dytiscoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of China, and its phylogenetic implication". Paleontological Journal. 43 (6): 652. Bibcode:2009PalJ...43..652W. doi:10.1134/S0031030109060082. ISSN 1555-6174. S2CID 83756102.
- ^ Bo, Wang; Ponomarenko, A. G.; Haichun, Zhang (2010). "Middle Jurassic Coptoclavidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscoidea) from China: a Good Example of Mosaic Evolution". Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition. 84 (4): 680–687. Bibcode:2010AcGlS..84..680W. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2010.00272.x. ISSN 1755-6724. S2CID 83806777.
- ^ Beutel, Rolf G.; Wang, Bo; Tan, Jing-Jing; Ge, Si-Qin; Ren, Dong; Yang, Xing-Ke (April 2013). "On the phylogeny and evolution of Mesozoic and extant lineages of Adephaga (Coleoptera, Insecta)". Cladistics. 29 (2): 147–165. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2012.00420.x. PMID 34814378. S2CID 85234655.
- ^ Kirejtshuk, Alexander G.; Ansorge, Jörg (17 May 2022). "An extraordinarily preserved new genus and species of Trachypachidae (Coleoptera, Adephaga) from the Early Jurassic of Germany and a review of fossil trachypachid genera". Historical Biology. 35 (6): 958–975. doi:10.1080/08912963.2022.2071709. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 248869983.