Constantine of Baberon (died c. 1263) was a powerful Armenian noble of the Het‛umid family. He was the son of Vassag and the father of King Het‛um I, who ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia from 1226 to 1270. Constantine played a pivotal role in placing his son on the throne by engineering the murder of Philip, the husband of Isabella, Queen of Armenia. He tricked Philip's father, Bohemond IV of Antioch, to search for his son at Amouda rather than at Sis, where he was being tortured and poisoned. He then took his army to the gates of Silifke Castle, forced its Frankish lords to surrender Isabella, and arranged the marriage, making his son the first Het‛umid ruler of the Armenian Kingdom.[1]
Constantine of Baberon | |
|---|---|
| Died | 1263 |
| Noble family | Het‛umid |
| Spouse(s) | Stephanie of Barbaron Alix Pahlavouni Biatr |
| Issue | Stephanie of Lampron Sempad the Constable Hethum I of Armenia Ochine of Korykos John, Bishop of Sis Lewon Maria Hripsimeh Yovhanes, Archbishop of Sis Vacahk, lord of Gantschi Licos Daughter Kostandin |
| Father | Vassag |
Constantine began construction on the elaborate baronial apartments at Baberon (Çandır Castle), which were still standing in 1979.[1] Nearby, at a site known today as Kız Kilisesi near Gösne, he built a monastic retreat with an ornate chapel whose dedicatory inscription is dated to 1241.[2][3][4]
The Castle of Tamrut, about 75 km northeast of Baberon, also had an Armenian dedicatory inscription (now destroyed) over its main gate which mentioned having been built in memory of “the father of the King… Baron Constantine.” It also gave the medieval Armenian name of the castle as Tambrout, a name otherwise unattested in the surviving histories, and the year of construction as 1253.[5]
Constantine, also known as the Grand Baron Constantine, was married to Stephanie of Barbaron, with whom he had Stephanie of Lampron, married in 1237 to King Henry I of Cyprus. [6]
In 1205, he married Alix Pahlavouni[7] (a third-cousin of Leo II), with whom he fathered:
- Sempad the Constable 1208–1276
- Hethum I of Armenia 1213–1270
- Ochine of Korykos, father of the historian Hayton of Corycus
- John (Basil), the Bishop of Sis
- Lewon (Leon)
- Maria, who married John of Ibelin, Count of Jaffa and Ascalon, the famous jurist
- Hripsimeh (Daisy)
In his third marriage, Constantin married Biatr around 1220, who gave birth to:
- Yovhanes, Bishop of Mavleon, then Archbishop of Sis
- Vacahk, lord of Gantschi
- Licos
- a daughter married to Simon Mansel, Constable of Antioch
- Kostandin, Lord of Neghir and Perzerpert (Partzerpert), ancestor of Kings Constantine III and Constantine VI.
Notes
edit- ^ a b Edwards, Robert W. (1987). The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Dumbarton Oaks Studies XXIII. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University. pp. 59, 102–110, 224, pls.53a-56b, 292b–295a. ISBN 0-88402-163-7.
- ^ Robert W. Edwards, “Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: First Report,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 36, 1982, pp.172-173, pls.36-37.
- ^ Robert W. Edwards, “Ecclesiastical Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia: Second Report,” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 37, 1983, pp.144-145, pls.86-91.
- ^ Goepp, Maxime; Mutafian, Claude; Ouzounian, Agnès, “L’inscription du régent Constantin de Papeṙōn (1241),” Revue des Études Arméniennes 34, 2012, pp.243-287.
- ^ Christianian, Jirair, “The Inscription at Tamrut Castle: The Case for a Revision of Armenian History,” Le Muséon 132 (1-2), 2019, pp.107-122.
- ^ Edbury, John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 66, 100
- ^ In the Dictionary of the Middle Ages she is referred to as "Dame Alise", and Constantine is "Constantine Payl"
References
edit- "Le Royaume Armenien de Cilicie", Claude Mutafian, Editions CNRS, Paris, ISBN 2-271-05105-3, p. 80
- American Council of Learned Societies (1989). "Smbat Sparapet". Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Charles Scribner's Sons, reproduced in History Resource Center.