Consort Yu (Chinese: 虞姬; pinyin: Yú Jī; died 202 BC), also known as "Yu the Beauty" (虞美人; Yú Měirén), was the wife of the warlord Xiang Yu, who competed with Liu Bang, the founder of the Han dynasty, for supremacy over China in the Chu–Han Contention (206–202 BC).
Consort Yu 虞姬 | |
|---|---|
 A portrait of Consort Yu from Baimei Xinyong Tuzhuan (百美新詠圖傳) by Yan Xiyuan | |
| Born | |
| Died | 202 BC |
| Other names | "Yu the Beauty" (虞美人) |
| Spouse | Xiang Yu |
| Relatives | Yu Ziqi (brother) |
Life
editConsort Yu's true name and birth date are unknown and there are two accounts of her origin. The first said she was from Yanji Town (顏集鎮) in Shuyang County, while the other claimed that she was from Suzhou, but both pointed that she was born in present-day Jiangsu.
In 209 BC, Xiang Yu and his uncle Xiang Liang started a revolution to overthrow the Qin dynasty. Consort Yu's elder brother, Yu Ziqi (虞子期), was serving in Xiang Liang's army as a general. Consort Yu met Xiang Yu, fell in love with him and became his wife. Afterward, she followed Xiang Yu on is military campaigns and refused to remain behind. She accompanied him to all battles.[1]
In 202 BC, Xiang Yu was besieged in the Battle of Gaixia by the combined forces of Liu Bang (King of Han), Han Xin and Peng Yue. The Han army started to sing folk songs from Xiang Yu's native land of Chu to create a false impression that they had captured Chu. The morale of Xiang Yu's troops plummeted and several soldiers deserted. In despair, Xiang Yu indulged in alcohol and sang the "Song of Gaixia" to express his sorrow. Consort Yu performed a sword dance and sang a verse in return, showing her willingness to die with him. Xiang Yu ultimately died by suicide in the Battle of Gaixia, but historical records did not mention the fate of Consort Yu. In later cultural works, it is commonly depicted that she also committed suicide out of love and loyalty.
A "Consort Yu Tomb" stands in present-day Lingbi County, Anhui.
Song of Consort Yu
editThis verse was sung by Consort Yu after Xiang Yu sang the "Song of Gaixia". She committed suicide with Xiang Yu's sword after singing it.
|
漢兵已略地， |
The Han army has conquered our land; |
|
四面楚歌聲。 |
Surrounded with the singing of Chu; |
|
大王義氣盡， |
My lord's spirits are low; |
|
賤妾何聊生。 |
Why then should I live? |
In popular culture
editThe romance of Xiang Yu and Consort Yu has been the subject of plays, films and television series, even though not much about Consort Yu was recorded in history. The story was reenacted on stage in the Peking opera The Hegemon-King Bids His Lady Farewell, which is also a trope of the Palme d'Or-winning film Farewell, My Concubine. Poets such as Su Shi, He Pu and Yuan Mei have written poems about Consort Yu as well. Actresses such as Idy Chan, Melissa Ng, Kristy Yang, Rosamund Kwan and Liu Yifei have played the role of Consort Yu in films and television series. The 2012 TV drama series Beauties of the Emperor (王的女人) had her full given name as "Yu Miaoyi" (Chinese: 虞妙弋; pinyin: Yú Miàoyì), which is artistic license as her actual full name was not historically recorded.
In the video game Fate/Grand Order, Consort Yu is an Assassin-class Servant, later a Lancer-class Servant, voiced by Mariya Ise. Here, she is a elemental spirit similar to a vampire, a xian and zhenren who survived to the present day under the alias Hinako Akuta and desires to reunite with Xiang Yu, who in an alternate universe, is unexpectedly a monstrous robotic Centaur programmed by Qin Shi Huang under the code name Huiji-Yishi. The Japanese version of the game refers to her as "Gu Bijin", the Japanese equivalent of "Yu Meiren", while the English version uses the Chinese reading. Along with Xiang Yu, Yu Meiren appears in Shin Sangoku Musou Multi Raid 2, where they are resurrected by Shi Huangdi to fight against the heroes of the Three Kingdoms.
References
edit- ^ The China Journal - Volume 3, Issue 2 - Page 374 Arthur de Carle Sowerby - 1925
- Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 7, Biography of Xiang Yu.