Conrad Confalonieri of Piacenza, TOSF (Italian: Corrado, 1290 [or 1284[1]] (in Italian) – 19 February 1351), was an Italian hermit of the Third Order of St. Francis, who is venerated as a saint.
Conrad Confalonieri of Piacenza | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1290 Commune of Calendasco, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 19 February 1351 Netum, Kingdom of Sicily |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholic Church |
| Beatified | 12 July 1515, Rome, Papal States by Pope Leo X |
| Canonized | 2 June 1625, Piacenza, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, Holy Roman Empire, by Pope Urban VIII |
| Major shrine | Cathedral of St. Nicholas, Noto, Province of Syracuse, Italy |
| Feast | 19 February |
Biography
editLittle is known of Conrad's life. He seems to have been born Corrado Confalonieri, into one of the foremost families of Piacenza, in Calendasco, a fiefdom of his family. His date of birth is uncertain. He apparently married an aristocratic young lady, Ephrosyne, when he too was quite young.[2]
There is no question that Conrad was a Franciscan tertiary. The new Roman Martyrology[3] acknowledges his forty years as a hermit, and a life marked by prayer and acts of penance.
Veneration
editPope Leo X beatified Conrad on 12 July 1515, and sanctioned his feast day being celebrated in Netum. On 30 October 1544, Pope Paul III extended permission to the whole island. On 2 June 1625, he was canonised by Cardinal Odoardo Farnese, who was the Duke of Parma and Piacenza. This was at a solemn ceremony at the cathedral of Piacenza, where the feast day was declared obligatory.
On 12 September 1625, Pope Urban VIII allowed the Franciscans to use a distinct text for the Divine Office and Mass on the feast day. Nowadays this particular liturgical form is used only by the Franciscan tertiaries, to which Conrad had belonged.
On his feast day, the Parish Church of San Corrado in Noto commemorates him by the distribution of blessed bread.[1]
Legend
editAfter Conrad died, and the beatification process was initiated, there was a widespread narrative for which an acceptable historical basis has yet to surface.[4] It is suggested that one day, Conrad had been out hunting within his family's domain, as was his custom. To flush out some game he had ordered that some brushwood be set alight. The prevailing wind, it is said, caused the flames to spread rapidly to surrounding fields and forest. A peasant discovered near where the fire is alleged to have begun was accused of starting the blaze, to be imprisoned, tortured to confess, and condemned to death. The story continues that as the man was being led to execution, a remorseful Conrad had publicly admitted his guilt to the Signoria of the city. As punishment and reparation for the devastation he had caused, the city is said to have seized all his assets, sparing his life only because of his noble birth. Thus reduced to poverty, and seeking penance for his act of cowardice, Conrad and his wife had apparently seen the hand of God in the turn of events.
In this story, the couple duly separated in 1315. Conrad is said to have retired to a hermitage near the town of Calendasco, joining a community of hermits, Franciscan tertiaries. His wife had apparently become a Poor Clare at a monastery in the city.[1] Conrad had soon developed a reputation for holiness, and the flow of visitors had left him unable to keep the solitude he had sought. He is said to have departed as a pilgrim, going to Rome, and from there to the Holy Land and Malta. The legend continues that in about 1340 he had been in Palermo in Sicily, directed to an isolated site in the Val di Noto. After many years as an itinerant, he is said to have settled there in a grotto now named after him. He had adopted a most austere and penitential life of solitude. He was credited with numerous miracles, and is alleged to have had the gift of prophecy.
The tale relates that in 1343 Conrad had felt called by God to serve the local people more directly and had gone to the town of Netum (after earthquakes levelled it in the 1690s it was abandoned in 1703 and the inhabitants founded Noto).[5] For the next two years Conrad is said to have cared for the sick at the Hospital of St. Martin in Netum. He had lived in a hermitage attached to the Church of the Crucified Christ. At that time, apparently, the hermitage had been occupied by Blessed William Buccheri, a former equerry to King Frederick III of Sicily, said to have also taken up a life of solitude and prayer. Tradition has it from time to time Conrad would return to his grotto for silent prayer. His fame had been such that by 1348 the Bishop of Syracuse, Giacomo Guidone de Franchis, had attended Conrad's hermitage to petition his prayers to relieve a famine afflicting Sicily.
Conrad died on 19 February 1351. It is said that he had foreseen this, and had died while in prayer kneeling before a crucifix. He was buried at the principal church in Netum. When this was abandoned in the 18th century, his remains were moved to the Church of St. Nicholas, the district cathedral.
With a reputation for miracles, Conrad continues to this day to be invoked particularly for the relief of hernia.[2] One supposedly contemporaneous account was of a visit to his hermitage by an old friend and companion-in-arms, Antonio da Stessa, from Daverio. Apparently, his friend had been suffering pain from a hernia. Seeing the pain, Conrad is said to have been moved to pity and had prayed for him, whereupon Stessa had been seemingly cured immediately. A similar happy outcome is credited to a local tailor, who had suffered severely from several hernias.
Conrad is associated with claims of a Miracle of the Bread. The setting is of the aforementioned famine that had hit Sicily after a severe outbreak of the bubonic plague, 1348–49. Reports were that throughout that misery anyone who had seeking the hermit's help had been given a loaf of bread, still warm. He would have received this from the angels it was said.[1]
The large number of miracles attributed to him is said to have prompted the city's leadership, soon after he died, to petition the Bishop of Syracuse, in whose diocese Noto then belonged, to begin the process towards canonisation. In 1485, after the pause required by canon law, canonisation proceedings had been duly launched by Bishop Dalmazio Gabriele,[6] O.P., who was himself to testify having witnessed the Miracle of the Bread. As part of the process, Conrad's body was exhumed for examination. It was reported to be incorrupt, and ended up in a silver urn for public veneration.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "Il Patrono". Parocchia San Corrado. Archived from the original on 20 September 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ^ a b Donovan, Stephen. "St. Conrad of Piacenza." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ After the Second Vatican Council, a fully revised Latin edition of the Roman Martyrology appeared in 2001, and an English edition in 2022 (Legare Street Press. Hungerford, UK. ISBN 9781015622197).
- ^ Farmer, DH. (2011) Oxford Dictionary of Saints. 5th Ed. Revised. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 978-0-19959660-7
- ^ Netum was aloft a tall hill about 14 km inland from Noto, and is now known as Noto Antica, formerly Noto Vecchio. See http://wikimapia.org/6651382/Noto-Antica-ancient-Greek-settlement-of-Netum-or-Neetum
- ^ "Bishop Dalmazio Gabrielli (Gabriele, Grazielli) [Catholic-Hierarchy]".
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Conrad of Piacenza". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
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