Coniferyl aldehyde is an organic compound with the formula HO(CH3O)C6H3CH=CHCHO. It is a derivative of cinnamaldehyde, featuring 4-hydroxy and 3-methoxy substituents. It is a major precursor to lignin.[1][2]
| |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names
(Z)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal
(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enal | |
| Other names
coniferaldehyde
cis-coniferyl aldehyde trans-coniferyl aldehyde | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.006.618 |
PubChem CID
|
|
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C10H10O3 | |
| Molar mass | 178.187 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 1.186 g/mL |
| Melting point | 80 °C (176 °F; 353 K) |
| Boiling point | 338.8 °C (641.8 °F; 612.0 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Biosynthetic role
editIn sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), coniferyl aldehyde is a precursor to sinapaldehyde via hydroxylation mediated by coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase.[3]
Coniferyl aldehyde is reduced to coniferyl alcohol by the action of dehydrogenase enzymes.[2]
It is found in Senra incana (Hibisceae). It is a low molecular weight phenol that is susceptible to extraction from cork stoppers into wine.[4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Boerjan, Wout; Ralph, John; Baucher, Marie (2003). "Lignin Biosynthesis". Annual Review of Plant Biology. 54: 519–546. doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938. PMID 14503002.
- ^ a b Li, Laigeng; Cheng, Xiao Fei; Leshkevich, Jacqueline; Umezawa, Toshiaki; Harding, Scott A.; Chiang, Vincent L. (2001). "The Last Step of Syringyl Monolignol Biosynthesis in Angiosperms is Regulated by a Novel Gene Encoding Sinapyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase". The Plant Cell. 13 (7): 1567–1586. doi:10.1105/tpc.010111. PMC 139549. PMID 11449052.
- ^ Osakabe, Keishi; Tsao, Cheng Chung; Li, Laigeng; Popko, Jacqueline L.; Umezawa, Toshiaki; Carraway, Daniel T.; Smeltzer, Richard H.; Joshi, Chandrashekhar P.; Chiang, Vincent L. (1999). "Coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylation and methylation direct syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 96 (16): 8955–8960. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.8955O. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.16.8955. PMC 17714. PMID 10430877.
- ^ Conde, Elvira; Cadahía, Estrella; García-Vallejo, María Concepción; Fernández De Simón, Brígida (1998). "Polyphenolic Composition of Quercus suber Cork from Different Spanish Provenances". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 46 (8): 3166–3171. doi:10.1021/jf970863k.