The Community of the Lady of All Nations, also known as the Community of the Lady of All Peoples or the Army of Mary, is a Marian sect that has been condemned as heretical by the Catholic Church.
It was founded in 1971 by Marie-Paule Giguère in Quebec as a prayer group. It was formally approved as a Roman Catholic "pious association" in 1975, but was rescinded by the Archbishop of Quebec after Giguère announced herself the reincarnation of the Blessed Virgin Mary.
History
editMarie-Paule Giguère was born in Sainte-Germaine-du-Lac-Etchemin, Quebec, Canada on 14 September 1921. In 1944, she married Georges Cliche; they divorced in 1957. Their five children were placed out-of-home.
Marie-Paule claimed to have heard celestial voices since the age of twelve. After visiting a small Marian shrine on the edge of Lake Etchemin in 1971, Marie-Paule is said to have received a revelation directing her to creating an Army of Mary ("Armée de Marie") as an alternative to the existing Legion of Mary. Founded as a prayer group in 1971, it was recognized in 1975 by the Archbishop of Quebec as a pious association.[1] A Quebec priest, Philippe Roy, joined the movement and became its spiritual director, and over the next ten years the association began to expand.
In 1971 Giguère learned from French author Raoul Auclair of alleged apparitions in Amsterdam and the purported messages of the Lady of All Nations. Giguère met visionary Ida Peerdeman in Amsterdam in 1973.[2]
In 1977, due to another revelation to Marie-Paule, the "Militia of Jesus Christ" was introduced in Canada and connected to the Army of Mary. The Militia was a new chivalric order created in France in 1973 for stimulating Marian devotion and doing social work. A number of members of the "Army of Mary" joined the "Militia of Jesus Christ".
In 1978 Giguère introduced herself as the (mystical) reincarnation of Mary.[2] Giguère published her spiritual writings ("Vie d'amour") in 1979. In 1981, the "Army of Mary" movement changed its name to the "Family and the Community of the Sons and Daughters of Mary", and in 1983 began construction at Lac-Etchemin of a world center for the Army of Mary and the Militia.[3]
At present,[when?] the Community of the Lady of All Nations declares itself separate from the Church and non-Catholic. It is an independent Neo-Marian, ecumenical group, open to interreligious dialogue. Its liturgy integrates "The Heritage of Humanity" (excerpts from books and sacred texts of other religions and thinkers).[citation needed]
After a series of newspaper articles regarding the beliefs expressed in her writings, the new Archbishop of Quebec, Cardinal Louis-Albert Vachon, withdrew the approval of his predecessor, and on 4 May 1987 declared the movement schismatic and disqualified it as a Catholic association because of its false teachings. He asked the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to review Giguère's writings. Then-Cardinal Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) concluded that the movement was in "major and very severe error". The Army was forbidden to organize any celebration or to propagate their devotion for the Lady of All Peoples.[2]
On April 25, 2015, Giguère died in the Residence of the Lady in Lac-Etchemin.[citation needed]
Beliefs
editMembers of the group believe that its late founder, Marie Paule Giguère, was the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary.[4] This has caused controversy as it is contradictory to the Catholic belief that there is no reincarnation, and that Mary was assumed soul and body into heaven by God. Therefore Mary's soul is not separate from her body, so that if she were to appear, it would be as herself, not as a reincarnation.
Father Eric Roy, superior general of the Sons of Mary, an affiliate of the "Army of Mary", said Giguère did not claim to be the reincarnation of the Virgin Mary, and that the Quebec woman "received graces" from the Virgin Mary and God. According to Roy, "The Virgin Mary took possession of her soul. I would rather say it that way."[5]
Position of the Catholic Church
editOn February 27, 1987 The Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith declared the writings of the movement to be in "major and severe error".[2]
Canada
editIn June 2001, the Catholic Bishops of Canada issued a negative doctrinal judgement stating that the group was not a "Catholic association".[6] The bishops cited "spurious new doctrines that are without foundation in Scripture or Tradition".[7] On 26 March 2007 the Archbishop of Quebec, Cardinal Marc Ouellet, declared that "The Army of Mary has clearly and publicly become a schismatic community and, as such, a non-Catholic association. Its particular teachings are false and its activities are not able to be frequented nor supported by Catholics".[8]
On July 11, 2007, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith issued a declaration of excommunication against the group for heretical teachings and beliefs after a six-year investigation. The declaration was announced by the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops on September 12, 2007.[4][9][10] Archbishop of Ottawa, Terrence Prendergast S.J., appointed in 2003 by Pope John Paul II to be a mediator said, "It’s a kind of cult. I think they are very much under the sway of the foundress."[6]
United States
editOn September 28, 2007, Msgr. J. Gaston Hebert, Diocese of Little Rock, Arkansas administrator (per the July 11 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith) stated that six nuns in the Diocese of Little Rock were excommunicated for heresy (the first excommunications in the diocese's 165-year history). They refused to recant the doctrines of the Community of the Lady of All Nations (Army of Mary). The six nuns are members of the Good Shepherd Monastery of Our Lady of Charity and Refuge in Hot Springs. Sister Mary Theresa Dionne, 82, one of 6, said they will still live at the convent property, which they own.[5]
A spokesman for the Army of Mary called the excommunication of the nuns and the other members of the sect an injustice.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "What is the Army of Mary?", Arkansas Catholic, Diocese of Little Rock, October 6, 2007
- ^ a b c d Margry, Peter Jan. "Army of Mary / Community of the Lady of All Peoples", World Religions and Spirituality Project, Virginia Commonwealth University, October 28, 2013
- ^ See for a thorough overview of the movement: Peter Jan Margry, "Mary's Reincarnation and the Banality of Salvation: The Millennialist Cultus of the Lady of All Nations/Peoples", in: Numen, International Review for the History of Religions 59 (2012) pp. 486–508
- ^ a b "Army of Mary excommunicated by the Vatican". Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ a b "6 Catholic Nuns Excommunicated For Heresy", CBS News/AP, 27 September 2007
- ^ a b "Army of Mary cast out". September 12, 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016 – via Canada.com.
- ^ "University of Dayton". Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ "Levada, William Cardinal. "Declaration Regarding The Movement, "The Community Of The Lady Of All Nations," And Of Its Works: "The Army Of Mary", "The Family And Communities Of The Sons And Daughters Of Mary", "Les Obalts-Patriotes", "L'Institut Marialys", Congregatio Pro Doctrina Fidei, 11 July 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2007.
- ^ Church excommunicates 'Army of Mary' Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops - Army of Mary incurs excommunications". Archived from the original on 28 May 2008. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
External links
edit- Official site
- Six Arkansas nuns excommunicated for supporting heresy. Women operate Hot Springs day care Archived 2009-08-21 at the Wayback Machine, Arkansas Catholic
- Text of the declaration of excommunication—PDF
- Doctrinal Note of the Catholic Bishops of Canada concerning the Army of Mary Archived 2012-05-04 at the Wayback Machine