Christ Church is a Church of England parish church in Kilndown, Kent, England. It was built in 1839 under the commission of William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, and was substantially reordered in the early 1840s in accordance with the principles of the Cambridge Camden Society (later the Ecclesiological Society). Its layout and rich interior decoration, contributed by a range of major architects of the era, made it "a showcase" of the influential Society's ideas:[2] John Betjeman described the church as "a museum of the Camden Society".[3] It was severely damaged by bombing during the Second World War, but has been restored. It is a Grade I listed building.
| Christ Church | |
|---|---|
 Christ Church viewed from the west in 2001 | |
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| 51°05′27″N 0°25′37″E / 51.0908°N 0.4270°E | |
| Location | Church Road, Kilndown, Kent TN17 2SF |
| Country | England |
| Denomination | Church of England |
| History | |
| Status | Parish church |
| Consecrated | 15 April 1841 |
| Architecture | |
| Functional status | Active |
| Heritage designation | Grade I listed |
| Architect(s) | Anthony Salvin |
| Style | Gothic Revival |
| Completed | 1839 |
| Administration | |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Canterbury[1] |
| Deanery | Weald |
| Benefice | Goudhurst and Kilndown |
History
editChrist Church was commissioned by Viscount Beresford, who was a Field Marshal under Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington in the Napoleonic Wars.[4] at a cost of £2500.[5] It was originally designed as a chapel-of-ease for the nearby St Mary's Church, Goudhurst, but an Act of Parliament established it as its own independent Church of England parish in 1843.[4][6] This Act, which was associated with the various Church Building Acts passed in the first decades of the 19th century, was passed on 24 February 1843. It described the parish of Goudhurst as having 2,850 residents but only one parish church (St Mary's), with a capacity of 750, and the new chapel of ease (Christ Church) with 413 seats, 313 of which were free (pew rents did not apply). The Act then created the "Chapelry District of Kilndown", consisting of the southwestern part of St Mary's parish. This district later became a parish in its own right.[7] The church was consecrated on 15 April 1841; Archbishop of Canterbury William Howley led the service.[8]
Anthony Salvin was commissioned to design the church. The result was a plain Gothic "sandstone box"[9] of little architectural merit: architectural historian Roger Homan states that the work subsequently undertaken at the direction of Viscount Beresford's stepson Alexander Beresford Hope "rescued and transformed ... a commonplace country church".[3] Beresford Hope was a founder member[9] of the Cambridge Camden Society (later the Ecclesiological Society), which prized "the truth and beauty" of architecturally correct Gothic Revival forms in Anglican church architecture,[3] and was committed to its study and application.[10] Over the course of five years from March 1840[9] he directed substantial alterations "in accordance with Ecclesiological principles", with particular emphasis on the interior, the east end and the chancel.[11][12] Beresford Hope called in various high-profile architects to assist with the renovation. Anthony Salvin constructed the stone altar based upon the tomb of William of Wykeham at Winchester Cathedral.[13] William Whewell advised on the design of the windows which were made in Munich-style stained glass and ordered from the Kingdom of Bavaria.[13] Alexander Roos and Thomas Willement painted the chancel screen while William Butterfield designed the lectern.[11][13]
The church suffered from damp because of the porous nature of its sandstone walls, so the murals inside were whitewashed over in the 20th century.[14] During the Second World War, the church was bombed on 13 December 1940 by the Germans. The bomb destroyed 18 of the stained glass windows and dislodged some of the roof tiles.[15] The windows were insured for £30,000 however the insurance did not cover damage from air raids.[15] It was granted Grade I listed status in 1980.[11] Between 2009 and 2020, the future Bishop of St Germans Hugh Nelson was the vicar of Christ Church.[16]
Architecture
editChrist Church is built of sandstone quarried in Kilndown village.[2] It consists of a wide but low nave and chancel with buttressed walls and with no internal structural division or aisles, a vestry, and a tall two-stage west tower with corner buttresses and topped with a broach spire of stone. The main entrance, the west door, is elaborately arched with a hood mould and complex ironwork. Above this is a rose window; all the other windows are lancets.[11][17] Inside, the church has a low, wide, "stringy" hammerbeam roof, considered by the Cambridge Camden Society as a particularly unsympathetic feature of the original "mean and bad" interior.[14] The 1840 work partly concealed this behind a pierced parapet.[17] There is an extensive set of stained glass windows: most were by German stained glass designer Franz Xaver Eggert[11] and depict the Virgin Mary with Christ in her arms, Saints Peter and Paul and various saints associated with Britain.[12] William Slater designed the reredos in 1869; it was carved by J.F. Redfern.[11][12]
The architects employed by Beresford Hope to renovate the church were among the most important of the early Victorian era and included two of the "darlings of the [Cambridge Camden] Society": Richard Cromwell Carpenter, who designed the chancel screen and choir stalls, and William Butterfield, who was responsible for the lectern, the pulpit (adjacent to the vestry, and modelled on one at Beaulieu Abbey) and a "distinctive" brass candelabra.[14][11] Accordingly, the church "became an object of national interest" as a test-bed for the Cambridge Camden Society's theories and an exemplar of its ideas.[14] Richard Cromwell Carpenter's son Richard Herbert Carpenter and his architectural partner Benjamin Ingelow designed Beresford Hope's tomb,[18] which is separately listed at Grade II[19] and is located immediately outside the south wall.[2]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Goudhurst & Kilndown parish profile" (PDF). Church of England. 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ a b c Homan 1984, p. 67.
- ^ a b c Homan 1984, p. 6.
- ^ a b "Churches". Goudhurst Parish Council. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "Gosport - Graffham Pages 319-322 A Topographical Dictionary of England". British History Online. S Lewis, London 1848. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
- ^ "Kilndown, Kent". UK Genealogy Archives. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ "No. 20200". The London Gazette. 28 February 1843. pp. 687–689.
- ^ "Ticehurst". Sussex Advertiser. No. 4920. Lewes. 19 April 1841. p. 3. Retrieved 6 December 2022 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b c Newman 1969, p. 338.
- ^ Mordaunt Crook, J. (23 September 2004). "Hope, Alexander James Beresford Beresford (1820–1887)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13713. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c d e f g Historic England. "Christ Church, Church Road, Kilndown (Grade I) (1338690)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
- ^ a b c Newman 1969, p. 339.
- ^ a b c Eastlake, Charles Lock (1872). A History of the Gothic Revival: An Attempt to Show how the Taste for Mediaeval Architecture which Lingered in England During the Last Two Centuries Has Since Been Encouraged and Developed. Longmans, Green and Company. p. 207. ISBN 9780718550059.
- ^ a b c d Homan 1984, p. 7.
- ^ a b "Kilndown Church bombed". Kent and Sussex Courier. 13 December 1940. Retrieved 1 December 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Married dad of four will be Cornwall's new bishop". Cornwall Live. 22 January 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
- ^ a b Newman 1969, pp. 338–339.
- ^ Homan 1984, p. 8.
- ^ Historic England. "Tomb of A J Beresford Hope, about 1 metre south west of Christ Church, Church Road, Kilndown (Grade II) (1084691)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 5 December 2022.
Bibliography
edit- Homan, Roger (1984). The Victorian Churches of Kent. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. ISBN 0-85033-466-7.
- Newman, John (1969). West Kent and the Weald. Buildings of England (1st ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-300-09614-9.