Chicago (retroactively known as Chicago II) is the second studio album by the American rock band Chicago, released on January 26, 1970, by Columbia Records. Like their debut album, Chicago Transit Authority, it is a double album. It was their first album released under the name Chicago—the band's prior name, Chicago Transit Authority, was changed due to a threatened lawsuit from the actual mass-transit operator bearing the same name—and the first to use the now ubiquitous cursive Chicago logo on the cover.
| Chicago | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Studio album by | ||||
| Released | January 26, 1970[1] | |||
| Recorded | August 1969 | |||
| Studio |
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| Genre | ||||
| Length | 66:08 | |||
| Label | Columbia | |||
| Producer | James William Guercio | |||
| Chicago chronology | ||||
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| Singles from Chicago | ||||
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Chicago was commercially successful. It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in April of the same year of its release, and certified platinum in 1991. It reached No. 4 on the album charts in the United States and No. 6 on the album charts in the UK, and produced three top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100. The album received three Grammy Award nominations: for Album of the Year, Contemporary Vocal Group, and Best Album Cover. It was voted best album of 1970 by readers of Cash Box magazine, and the 1971 best small-combo LP by readers of Playboy magazine.
History
editThe album was released in 1970 after the band had shortened its name from "The Chicago Transit Authority" following the release of their self-titled debut album the previous year, in order to avoid legal action being threatened by the actual mass-transit company. The official title of the album is Chicago, although it came to be known as Chicago II, keeping it in line with the succession of Roman numeral-titled albums that officially began with Chicago III in 1971.
Chicago Transit Authority was a success, yet Chicago is considered by many[by whom?] to be the group's breakthrough album, yielding three singles that made it into the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100, including "Make Me Smile" (number 9), "Colour My World" (number 7), and "25 or 6 to 4" (number 4).[2]
Chicago was released in January 1970 on Columbia Records and was an instant hit, reaching number 4 on the Billboard 200 in the United States[3] and number 6 in the UK.[4] Columbia Records was very active in promoting its quadraphonic four-channel surround-sound format in the mid-1970s, and nine of Chicago's first ten albums were made available in quad. The quad mix features elements not heard in the standard stereo mix, including additional guitar work from virtuoso Terry Kath in "25 Or 6 To 4" and a different vocal take from Lamm in "Wake Up Sunshine," which reveals a different lyric in the song's last line.
In 2002, Chicago was remastered and reissued on one CD by Rhino Records with the single versions of "Make Me Smile" and "25 or 6 to 4" as bonus tracks. Rhino released a DVD-Audio version of the album in 2003, featuring both Advanced Resolution Stereo and 5.1 surround sound mixes. In 2016, British producer and musician Steven Wilson remixed Chicago from the original multitrack tapes. This version was released on January 27, 2017, by Rhino Records.[5] A vinyl edition of the remix cut by Kevin Gray was released on August 11, 2017. Robert Lamm stated in an interview that the album has been nominated for the Grammy Hall of Fame more than once.[6]
Musical style, writing, composition
editIn a 2015 article, Classic Rock Review says the album saw Chicago's, "full immersion into mainstream success while still building on their fusion of rock, funk and jazz."[7]
In Danny Seraphine's book Street Player, he describes it this way: "In between the dates of our touring schedule, we somehow found the opportunity to jump into CBS Studios in Los Angeles and record a second album in August 1969. Whereas the first record was a compilation of raw energy, we took a more controlled approach to our new effort."[8]
The centerpiece of the album was the 13-minute song cycle "Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon" written by trombone player James Pankow, from which came the singles "Make Me Smile" and "Colour My World". Guitarist Terry Kath also participated in an extended classically styled cycle of four pieces, three of which were co-written by arranger, composer, and pianist Peter Matz.[9]: 13 Politically outspoken keyboardist Robert Lamm expresses his qualms in "It Better End Soon", another modular piece. Bassist Peter Cetera contributed his first song to Chicago with "Where Do We Go From Here?".[7]
Recording, production
editThe album was produced by James William Guercio, who was Chicago's producer for its first eleven albums,[10] and was recorded in less than a month, during August 1969.[7]
In 1970, James Pankow said about the album, "We . . . think it is better recorded and better played than the first. None of us feel, though, that we are really a recording group yet. We are all scared in the studio. We are really a live group."[11]
Artwork, packaging
editThe Chicago logo, which made its first appearance on the cover of this album, was designed by John Berg and fashioned by Nick Fasciano,[12] who were both nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album Cover for their efforts.[13][14] John Berg said the Coca-Cola logo was the inspiration for the Chicago logo.[12] The cover art work is part of the permanent collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.[15] The band's official web site labels the cover design, "silver bar."[16]
The double-LP album's inner cover includes the playlist; the entire lyrics to "It Better End Soon"; a "Producer's Note" stating, "This endeavor should be experienced sequentially"; and a declaration written by Robert Lamm,[17] "With this album, we dedicate ourselves, our futures and our energies to the people of the revolution. And the revolution in all of its forms."[18]
Reception
editCritical reception
editContemporary reviews for the album were mixed. In his review for the Chicago Sun Times, writer Al Rudis says Chicago's second album "confirms" that "Chicago is one of the most exciting, most original, and most accomplished jazz-rock groups in existence."[11] whereas in a review for The Village Voice, Robert Christgau gave a review of Chicago as a "D+" and called it "sterile and stupid", writing that if "Duke Ellington never got away with an extended work for horns and meaningfulness, [what] makes James William Guercio and the self-designated revolutionaries who are his cohorts think they can?"[19]
There have been positive retrospective reviews. Lindsay Planer from AllMusic gave the album four-and-a-half out of five stars and said its songs "underscore the solid foundation of complex jazz changes with heavy electric rock & roll that the band so brazenly forged on the first set".[20] Jim Beviglia, writing for American Songwriter, said, "50 years after its release, Chicago II still stands as the one of the band’s signature achievements. ...Listening to Chicago II now, it is remarkable just how smoothly the various pieces blend together."[21]
Accolades
edit| Year | Category | Work | Result | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | Album of the Year | Chicago | Nominated | [22] |
| Contemporary Vocal Group | Chicago | Nominated | [22] | |
| Best Album Cover | Chicago (John Berg & Nick Fasciano) | Nominated | [22] |
Other honors
Track listing
edit| Side one | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocals | Length | |
| 1 | "Movin' In" | James Pankow | Terry Kath | 4:06 | |
| 2 | "The Road" | Kath | Peter Cetera | 3:10 | |
| 3 | "Poem for the People" | Robert Lamm |
|
4:25 | |
| 4 | "In the Country" | Kath |
|
6:34 | |
| Side two | |||||
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocals | Length | |
| 1 | "Wake Up Sunshine" | Lamm |
|
2:29 | |
| 2–8 | "Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon" (total length: 12:55) |
"Make Me Smile" | Pankow | Kath | 3:32 |
| "So Much to Say, So Much to Give" | Lamm | 1:04 | |||
| "Anxiety's Moment" | — | 1:00 | |||
| "West Virginia Fantasies" | — | 1:34 | |||
| "Colour My World" | Kath | 2:58 | |||
| "To Be Free" | — | 1:21 | |||
| "Now More Than Ever" | Kath | 1:27 | |||
| Side three | |||||
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Lead vocals | Length | |
| 1 | "Fancy Colours" | Lamm | Cetera | 5:10 | |
| 2 | "25 or 6 to 4" | 4:50 | |||
| 3–6 | "Memories of Love" (total length: 9:12) |
"Prelude" |
|
— | 1:18 |
| "A.M. Mourning" | — | 2:05 | |||
| "P.M. Mourning" | — | 1:59 | |||
| "Memories of Love" | Kath | Kath | 4:01 | ||
| Side four | |||||
| No. | Title | Writers(s) | Lead vocals | Length | |
| 1–4 | "It Better End Soon" (total length: 10:24) |
"1st Movement" | Lamm | Kath | 2:30 |
| "2nd Movement" | — | 3:47 | |||
| "3rd Movement" |
|
Kath | 3:19 | ||
| "4th Movement" | Lamm | 1:15 | |||
| 5 | "Where Do We Go from Here?" | Cetera | Cetera | 2:53 | |
Personnel
editChicago
edit- Peter Cetera – bass, vocals
- Terry Kath – guitars, vocals
- Robert Lamm – keyboards, vocals
- Lee Loughnane – trumpet, vocals
- James Pankow – trombone
- Walter Parazaider – saxophone, flute, clarinet, vocals
- Danny Seraphine – drums, percussion
Production
edit- James William Guercio – producer
- Peter Matz – orchestration on "Prelude"
- Donald Puluse – engineer
- Brian Ross-Myring – engineer
- Chris Hinshaw – engineer
- Nick Fasciano – cover art
- John Berg – cover design
- Herb Greene – photography and poster photos
2002 reissue
- Paul Klingberg – remixing
- John Kellogg – remix producer
- Joe Gastwirt – remastering
- David Wild – liner notes
Charts
edit| Chart (1970) | Position |
|---|---|
| Australian Albums (Kent Music Report)[26] | 5 |
| Canada Top Albums/CDs (RPM)[27] | 4 |
| Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[28] | 2 |
| German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[29] | 20 |
| Italian Albums (Musica e Dischi)[30] | 8 |
| Japanese Albums (Oricon)[31] | 14 |
| Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[32] | 19 |
| UK Albums (OCC)[33] | 6 |
| US Billboard 200[34] | 4 |
Certifications
edit| Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
|---|---|---|
| Canada (Music Canada)[35] | 3× Platinum | 300,000^ |
| United States (RIAA)[36] | Platinum | 1,000,000^ |
|
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone. | ||
References
edit- ^ "125 Years of Columbia Records". 360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story. Sony Music Entertainment. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ^ "Chicago Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
- ^ "Chicago Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 23, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
- ^ "Chicago | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". Official Charts. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ Planer, Lindsay. "Chicago II Steven Wilson Remix". Allmusic. Archived from the original on December 22, 2018. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
- ^ Clark, Jeff (October 31, 2017). "Chicago's Robert Lamm on revisiting 'Chicago II' and the band's long and winding road". Sun Herald. Gulfport, Mississippi, USA. Archived from the original on January 18, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
- ^ a b c "Chicago II". Classic Rock Review. July 3, 2015. Archived from the original on January 17, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ Seraphine, Danny (2011). Street Player: My Chicago Story. John Wiley & Sons Inc. p. 108. ISBN 9780470416839.
- ^ Chicago (CD booklet). Burbank, California, USA: Rhino Entertainment Company. 2002. R2 76172.
- ^ "A Chicago Story – Chicago". Chicagotheband.com. Archived from the original on October 30, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2019.
- ^ a b Rudis, Al (February 7, 1970). "Chicago Is a Live Group". The Lincoln Journal Star. Archived from the original on January 17, 2019. Retrieved January 16, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Berg, John (October 30, 2007). "Across the Graphic Universe: an Interview with John Berg" (Interview). Interviewed by Paul Nini. American Institute of Graphic Arts. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ "Grammy Awards: Artist: John Berg". Recording Academy Grammy Awards. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ "Grammy Awards: Artist: Nick Fasciano". Recording Academy Grammy Awards. Archived from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ "John Berg, Nick Fasciano. Cover for Chicago's second self-titled album". The Museum of Modern Art. Archived from the original on November 10, 2017. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
- ^ "Albums: Chicago". Chicago - The Band. Chicago Touring. Archived from the original on November 14, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
- ^ Ruhlmann, William James (1991). Chicago Group Portrait (Box Set) (Media notes). New York City, NY: Columbia Records. p. 4. Archived from the original (CD booklet archived online) on October 24, 2017. Retrieved November 12, 2017.
- ^ Chicago (1970). Chicago (album) (Vinyl LP cover liner notes). U.S.A.: Columbia. KGP 24 CS 9962 XSM 151734.
- ^ Christgau, Robert (April 23, 1970). "Consumer Guide (9)". The Village Voice. Archived from the original on November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
- ^ Planer, Lindsay. "Chicago". AllMusic. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved February 17, 2017.
- ^ Beviglia, Jim (February 25, 2020). "Robert Lamm Looks Back On The 50th Anniversary Of 'Chicago II'". American Songwriter. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
- ^ a b c "Grammy Award Nominees and Winners – 1971". awardsandshows.com. Archived from the original on 2011-12-13. Retrieved 2017-10-21.
- ^ "Best Albums of 1970". Cash Box. Vol. XXXII, no. 27. USA. December 26, 1970. p. 46. Retrieved May 10, 2019 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Chicago Coming to Hampton". Daily Press. Newport News–Hampton, Virginia, USA. May 29, 1973. p. 10. Archived from the original on June 7, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2019 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Jazz & Pop '71". Playboy. HMH Publishing Co., Inc. February 1971. available at, Bondi Data Viewer Archived October 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 62. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
- ^ "Top RPM Albums: Issue 5009". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Chicago – II" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Chicago – II" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Classifiche". Musica e Dischi (in Italian). Retrieved June 20, 2024. Set "Tipo" on "Album". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Chicago".
- ^ Oricon Album Chart Book: Complete Edition 1970–2005 (in Japanese). Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Entertainment. 2006. ISBN 4-87131-077-9.
- ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – Chicago – Chicago". Hung Medien. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Chicago Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Canadian album certifications – Chicago – Chicago II". Music Canada. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
- ^ "American album certifications – Chicago – Chicago II". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved June 21, 2023.
