Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester PC, FRS (14 October 1757 – 8 May 1829) was a British barrister and statesman. He served as Speaker of the House of Commons between 1802 and 1817.
The Lord Colchester | |
|---|---|
 Lord Colchester by John Hoppner, c. 1802 (Palace of Westminster) | |
| Speaker of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom | |
| In office 10 February 1802 – 2 June 1817 | |
| Monarch | George III |
| Prime Minister | Henry Addington William Pitt William Grenville William Cavendish-Bentinck Spencer Perceval Robert Jenkinson |
| Preceded by | Sir John Mitford |
| Succeeded by | Charles Manners-Sutton |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 14 October 1757 Abingdon |
| Died | 8 May 1829 (aged 71) |
| Political party | Tory |
| Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Gibbes (1760–1847) |
| Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
Background and education
editAbbot was born on the South side of Roysse Court, Abingdon, Abbot to Dr John Abbot, headmaster of Abingdon School and rector of All Saints, Colchester, and, by his mother's second marriage, step-brother of Jeremy Bentham. From Westminster School he passed to Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated on 14 June 1775.[1] There he gained the chancellor's prize for Latin verse as well as the Vinerian Scholarship.[2] He was admitted to the Middle Temple on 14 October 1768 and was called to the Bar on 9 May 1783.[3]
Abbot was granted a BCL in 1783 and a DCL in 1793.[1] On 14 February 1793, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society.[4]
Legal and political career
editIn 1795, after having practised twelve years as a barrister, and having published a treatise proposing the incorporation of the judicial system of Wales with that of England, he was appointed to the office previously held by his brother of clerk of the rules in the King's Bench; and in June of the same year he was elected Member of Parliament for Helston, through the influence of the Duke of Leeds.[2]
In 1796 Abbot commenced his career as a reformer in Parliament by obtaining the appointment of two committees: one to report on the arrangements which then existed as to temporary laws or laws about to expire; and the other to devise methods for the better publication of new statutes. It was thanks to the work of the latter committee, and of a second committee which he proposed some years later, that copies of new statutes were subsequently routinely sent to all magistrates and municipal bodies.[2] At a local level, he and Henry Richards (the other member returned for Helston) raised 200 guineas for the demolishing and rebuilding of the Helston coinage hall.
Abbot's efforts also effected the establishment of the Record Commission; the reform of the system which had allowed the public money to lie for some time at long interest in the hands of the public accountants, by charging them with payment of interest; and, most important of all, the act for taking the first census of the United Kingdom, that of 1801. On the formation of the Addington ministry in March 1801, Abbot became Chief Secretary for Ireland[5] and also Keeper of the Privy Seal of Ireland. In the February of the following year he was appointed Speaker of the House of Commons: at this point he stood down as Chief Secretary for Ireland, but he remained Keeper of the Privy Seal until his death. He served as Speaker until 1817, when an attack of erysipelas compelled him to retire.[2] The House of Commons Library traces its origins to his time as Speaker.[6] He objected to the Lay College at Maynooth, leading to its suppression in 1814.
In response to an address of the Commons, Abbot was raised to the peerage as Baron Colchester, of Colchester in the County of Essex on 1 June 1817,[7] with a pension of £4,000, of which £3,000 was to be continued to his heir. His speeches against the Roman Catholic claims were published in 1828.[2]
Family
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In 1796, he had married, in London, Elizabeth Gibbes (1760–1847), the elder daughter of Sir Philip Gibbes, 1st Baronet, of Springhead, Barbados, by whom he had two sons. He was succeeded by his elder son Charles, Postmaster General in 1858, and subsequently by his grandson Reginald Abbot, 3rd Baron Colchester, on whose death in 1919 the title became extinct.
References
edit
- ^ a b Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
- ^ a b c d e Chisholm 1911.
- ^ Williamson, J.B. (1937). The Middle Temple Bench Book. 2nd edition, p.197.
- ^ "List of Fellows of the Royal Society". Archived from the original on 22 January 2007. Retrieved 13 January 2007.
- ^ "Alumni Dublinenses : a register of the students, graduates, professors and provosts of Trinity College in the University of Dublin (1593–1860) George Dames Burtchaell/Thomas Ulick Sadleir p1: Dublin, Alex Thom and Co, 1935
- ^ Cooke, Sir Robert (1987). The Palace of Westminster. London: Burton Skira. p. 394. ISBN 978-0333459232.
- ^ "No. 17255". The London Gazette. 31 May 1817. p. 1249.
- ^ "General Armory, page 1". Burke's Peerage. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- ^ "The Lives of the Speakers of the House of Commons, page 484". Google Books. E. Churton. 1851. Retrieved 15 February 2019.
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Colchester, Charles Abbot". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 660.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Abbot, Charles (1757-1829)". Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
External links
edit- "Archival material relating to Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester". UK National Archives.
- Hutchinson, John (1902). . A catalogue of notable Middle Templars, with brief biographical notices (1 ed.). Canterbury: the Honourable Society of the Middle Temple. p. 1.
