The Cessna Citation is a family of business jets by Cessna that started in 1972 with the entry into service of the first model.[1] In the fifty years following the 1969 first flight, more than 7,500 Citations were delivered, forming the largest business jet fleet.[2] Deliveries reached 8,000 by 2022, while logging over 41 million flight hours.[3]
| Citation family | |
|---|---|
,_Luxembourg_PP1350972612.jpg) A Cessna 525B CJ3 behind a Citation Mustang | |
| General information | |
| Type | Business jet |
| Manufacturer | Cessna |
| Number built | 8,000 |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1972 |
| First flight | 15 September 1969 |
| Variants | Citation I / I/SP Citation II/SII/Bravo Citation III-VI-VII Cessna Citation V/Ultra/Encore Citation Excel/XLS/XLS+ CitationJet/CJ series Citation Mustang Citation X Citation Sovereign Citation Latitude Citation Longitude Citation Hemisphere |
The line started with the small Citation I prototype flying on September 15, 1969, and produced until 1985, developed into the 1978-2006 Citation II/Bravo, the 1989-2011 Citation V/Ultra/Encore and the CitationJet since 1993. The standup Citation III/VI/VII was delivered from 1983 to 2000; its fuselage was reused in the Citation X/X+ delivered from 1996 to 2018, the Sovereign from 2004 to 2021 and the Excel since 1998. The Mustang was a Very Light Jet delivered from 2006 to 2017 while the flat floor fuselage Latitude has been delivered since 2015 and the larger Longitude from 2019.
The aircraft are named after Citation, a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the American Triple Crown.[4]
Lineage
edit| Citation deliveries timeline | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| 510 Mustang | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 525 CitationJet/CJ1 | CJ1+ | M2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 500 Citation I1 | 525A CJ2 | CJ2+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 501 Citation I/SP | 525B CJ3 | CJ3+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 550 Citation II2 / 551 Citation II/SP | 525C CJ4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S550 Citation S/II | 550 Bravo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 560 Citation V | Ultra | Encore | Encore+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 560XL Excel | XLS | XLS+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 650 Citation III | VI/VII | 680 Sovereign | Sovereign+ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 680A Latitude | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 750 Citation X | X+ | 700 Longitude | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Fuselage cross-section: = Citation I, = Citation III, = Latitude; projects: 670 Citation IV, Columbus, Hemisphere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Footnotes:1 Early aircraft sold as "Citation" without "I" suffix • 2 Replaced by S/II in mid 1984, reintroduced late 1985 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Models
editCitation I
edit.jpg)
The Fanjet 500 prototype was announced in October 1968, first flew on September 15, 1969, and was certified as the 500 Citation on September 9, 1971. It was upgraded in 1976 as the Citation I, and the 501 Citation I/SP single-pilot variant was introduced in 1977. Production ended in 1985 with 689 of all variants produced. The straight wing jet is powered by JT15D turbofans.
Citation II/Bravo
edit_(5137861075)_(cropped).jpg)
Stretched from the Citation I, the Model 550 was announced in September 1976, first flew on January 31, 1977, and was certified in March 1978. The II/SP is a single pilot version, the improved S/II first flew on February 14, 1984 and the Citation Bravo, a stretched S/II with new avionics and more powerful P&WC PW530A turbofans, first flew on April 25, 1995. The United States Navy adopted a version of the S/II as the T-47A. Production ceased in 2006 after 1,184 of all variants were delivered.
Citation III/IV/VI/VII
edit.jpg)
Announced at the October 1976 NBAA convention, the Model 650 made its maiden flight on May 30, 1979, received its type certification on April 30, 1982 and was delivered between 1983 and 1992. The cheaper Citation VI was produced from 1991 to 1995 and the more powerful Citation VII was offered between 1992 and 2000; 360 of all variants were delivered, while a proposed transcontinental variant, the Citation IV, was canceled before reaching the prototype stage. An all new design, the Citation III had a 312 sq ft (29 m2) swept wing for a 22,000 lb (10 t) MTOW and a 2,350 nmi (4,350 km) range, a T-tail and two 3,650–4,080 lbf (16.2–18.1 kN) TFE731 turbofans. Its fuselage cross section and cockpit were kept in the later Citation X, Citation Excel and Citation Sovereign.
Citation V/Ultra/Encore
edit
The Cessna Citation V (company designation Model 560) is a business jet built by Cessna that was in production from 1989 until 2011. During that time, 774 such craft were made. The first Model 560 prototype, a stretched version of the Citation S/II, flew in August 1987 and was certified on December 9, 1988.
The upgraded Citation Ultra was announced in September 1993, the Citation Encore upgraded with PW535 turbofans was announced in 1998, before the improved Encore+. Its U.S. military designation is UC-35 as an executive transport and OT-47B as a drug interdiction reconnaissance aircraft.CitationJet
edit.JPG)
Launched in October 1989, the first flight of the Model 525 was on April 29, 1991. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification was awarded on October 16, 1992, and the first aircraft was delivered on March 30, 1993. The CJ series are powered by two Williams FJ44 engines; the design uses the Citation II's forward fuselage with a new carry-through section wing and a T-tail. The original CitationJet model has been updated into the CJ1/CJ1+/M2 variants; additionally, the CJ1 was stretched into the CJ2/CJ2+ which was built between 2000 and 2016. The design was then further developed into the CJ3/CJ3+, built from December 2004 to present, and finally into the CJ4 which has been built since 2010. By June 2017, 2,000 of all variants had been delivered.[5]
CitationJet (trainer)
editThe Model 526 CitationJet was a twin-engine, two-seat tandem military trainer developed from the Model 525 as a candidate for the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System competition (JPATS). The two models share 75% of their parts, including wing, engines, landing gear, and other systems. First flown in December 1993, the 526 did not succeed at the JPATS contest, and only two examples were built in total.[6]
Citation X/X+
edit_(cropped).jpg)
Announced at the October 1990 NBAA convention, the Model 750 made its maiden flight on December 21, 1993, received its type certification on June 3, 1996, and was first delivered in July 1996. The updated Citation X+ was offered from 2012 with a 14 in (360 mm) cabin stretch and upgraded systems. Keeping the Citation III fuselage cross section, it has a new 37° swept wing with an area of 527 ft² (49 m2) for a fast Mach 0.935 MMO and a 36,600 lb (16.6 t) MTOW for a 3,460 nmi (6,408 km) range, a T-tail and two 7,034 lbf (31.29 kN) AE3007 turbofans. After 338 deliveries, production ended in 2018.
Excel/XLS/XLS+
edit.jpg)
Announced in October 1994, the Model 560XL first flew on February 29, 1996, certification was granted in April 1998, and over 1,000 have been delivered. The 2,100 nmi-range (3,900 km), 20,200 lb (9,200 kg) MTOW jet is powered by two 3,650–4,080 lbf (16.2–18.1 kN) PW545 turbofans, has the cruciform tail and unswept supercritical wing of the Citation V (560), and a slightly shortened Citation X stand-up cabin. The XLS 2004 update had upgraded engines and a glass cockpit and the 2008 XLS+ had upgraded engines and a revised nose.
Sovereign
edit_(cropped).jpg)
Announced at the 1998 NBAA convention, the Model 680 made its maiden flight in February 2002, certification was awarded on June 2, 2004, and deliveries began in late September. The Citation Excel fuselage was stretched and joined with an all-new, larger wing and more powerful Pratt & Whitney Canada PW306C engines for increased maximum takeoff weight and a 3,200 nmi (5,900 km) range. The improved Sovereign+ was announced at the October 2012 NBAA for a first flight in April 2013 and deliveries in December, with added winglets and an improved flight deck and engines.
Mustang
edit.jpg)
Launched at the 2002 NBAA convention, the Model 510 first flew on April 23, 2005. It received its FAA type certification on September 8, 2006, and was first delivered on November 22. Production ended in 2017 after 479 aircraft were built. The 8,645 lb (3,921 kg) maximum take-off weight jet is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW615F 1,460 lbf (6.5 kN) turbofans, can reach 340 kn (630 km/h), and has a range of 1,167 nmi (2,161 km).
Columbus
editThe Model 850 was launched in February 2008 and cancelled in July 2009. It would have been the largest model of the family at the time. Powered by 8,830 lbf (39.3 kN) PW810 turbofans and a 4,000 nmi (7,400 km) range, the $27 million aircraft had a 709 sq ft (66 m2), 30° swept wing.
Latitude
edit_(cropped).jpg)
The Model 680A was announced at the 2011 NBAA convention, the prototype first flew on 18 February 2014, it achieved FAA certification on June 5, 2015, and first deliveries began on August 27. It retains the Model 680 Sovereign wing, twin P&WC PW306D turbofans and cruciform tail and adds a new stand-up circular fuselage with a flat floor, which was kept in the stretched, re-winged, and re-engined Cessna Citation Longitude.
Longitude
edit
Announced at the May 2012 EBACE, the Model 700 made its first flight on October 8, 2016, with certification obtained in September 2019. The aluminum airframe has the fuselage cross-section of the Citation Latitude, stretched by a seat row. Powered by Honeywell HTF7000 turbofans, it has a new ~28° swept wing and a T-tail for a 3,500 nmi (6,500 km) range.
Hemisphere
editAnnounced in November 2015, it was then expected to fly in 2019 but its development was suspended in April 2018 due to a delay in the development of its Safran Silvercrest engines. It was designed for Mach 0.9 and would have a 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km) range.
Current models
edit| Model | Length | Span | Area | Sweep | Inside | Pax. | MTOW | Cruise | Range | Engines | Thrust |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 525 Citation M2[7] | 42 ft 7 in 12.98 m |
47 ft 3 in 14.40 m |
240 sq ft 22 m2 |
0 ° | 58 in 1.5 m |
7 | 10,800 lb 4,900 kg |
404 kn 748 km/h |
1,540 nmi 2,850 km |
2 FJ44-1AP-21 | 3,930 lbf 17.5 kN |
| 525 Citation CJ3+[8] | 51 ft 2 in 15.60 m |
53 ft 4 in 16.26 m |
294 sq ft 27.3 m2 |
0 ° | 58 in 1.5 m |
9 | 13,870 lb 6,290 kg |
416 kn 770 km/h |
2,040 nmi 3,780 km |
2 FJ44-3A | 5,640 lbf 25.1 kN |
| 525 Citation CJ4[9] | 53 ft 4 in 16.26 m |
50 ft 10 in 15.49 m |
330 sq ft 31 m2 |
12.5 ° | 58 in 1.5 m |
10 | 17,110 lb 7,760 kg |
451 kn 835 km/h |
2,170 nmi 4,020 km |
2 FJ44-4A | 7,242 lbf 32.21 kN |
| 560XL Citation XLS+[10] | 52 ft 6 in 16.00 m |
56 ft 4 in 17.17 m |
370 sq ft 34 m2 |
0 ° | 68 in 1.7 m |
9 | 20,200 lb 9,200 kg |
441 kn 817 km/h |
2,100 nmi 3,900 km |
2 PW545C | 8,238 lbf 36.64 kN |
| 680A Citation Latitude[11] | 62 ft 3 in 18.97 m |
72 ft 4 in 22.05 m |
543 sq ft 50.4 m2 |
16.3 ° | 77 in 2.0 m |
9 | 30,800 lb 14,000 kg |
446 kn 826 km/h |
2,850 nmi 5,280 km |
2 PW306D1 | 11,814 lbf 52.55 kN |
| 700 Citation Longitude[12] | 73 ft 2 in 22.30 m |
68 ft 11 in 21.01 m |
537 sq ft 49.91 m2 |
28.6 ° | 77 in 1.96 m |
12 | 39,500 lb 17,917 kg |
476 ktas 882 km/h |
3,500 nmi 6,482 km |
2 HTF7700L | 15,200 lbf 68 kN |
See also
editRelated development
- Cessna Citation I / I/SP
- Cessna Citation II/SII/Bravo
- Cessna Citation III/VI/VII
- Cessna Citation V/Ultra/Encore
- Cessna Citation X
- Cessna Citation Excel/XLS/XLS+
- Cessna CitationJet/CJ series
- Cessna Citation Sovereign
- Cessna Citation Mustang
- Cessna Citation Columbus
- Cessna Citation Longitude
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
edit- ^ "Cessna delivers milestone 7,000th Citation as NetJets' first Citation Latitude" (Press release). Textron Aviation. 27 June 2016.
- ^ Kate Sarsfield (18 September 2019). "Cessna marks 50th anniversary of first Citation flight". Flightglobal.
- ^ O'Connor, Kate (15 February 2022). "8,000th Cessna Citation Delivered". AVweb. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
- ^ Szurovy, Geza (1999). Cessna Citation Jets. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Company. pp. 15–16. ISBN 0-7603-0785-7.
- ^ Trautvetter, Chad. "Textron Delivers 2,000th CJ Family Aircraft". Aviation International News. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
- ^ Taylor, Michael J. H. (1996). Brassey's World Aircraft & Systems Directory. London: Brassey's. p. 128. ISBN 1-85753-198-1.
- ^ "Citation M2". Archived from the original on 28 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "Citation CJ3+". Archived from the original on 15 November 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "Citation CJ4". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "Citation XLS+". Archived from the original on 11 September 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "Citation Latitude". Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
- ^ "Citation Longitude". Archived from the original on 24 November 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
Notes
editExternal links
edit
- Cessna Citation home page
- Mike Hamlin (February 2010). "40 years of the Cessna Citation" (PDF). International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations.