Cavolinia tridentata is a species of sea butterflies, floating and swimming sea snails or sea slugs, pelagic marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cavoliniidae.[2] It is a common species and is wide spread, being found in European waters, the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Indian Ocean and in the Pacific Ocean. It lives in the photic zone of the ocean between 0 to 30m in depth.
| Cavolinia tridentata | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Clade: | Euopisthobranchia |
| Order: | Pteropoda |
| Family: | Cavoliniidae |
| Genus: | Cavolinia |
| Species: | C. tridentata
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| Binomial name | |
| Cavolinia tridentata | |
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Taxonomy
editCavolinia tridentata (Forskål, 1775) was originally described as Anomia tridentata by the Finnish Peter Forsskål in 1775, based on specimens he collected in the Mediterranean Sea as part of the Danish Arabia Expedition.[3] In 1791, Danish scientist Peter Christian Abildgaard described the genus Cavolina Abildgaard and included Anomia tridentata in it (as Cavolina natans Abildgaard).[4] A number of other synonyms in the genera Cavolinia, Cleodora and Hyalaea, as well as several forms of this species, have been described.[5][6]
Description
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The maximum recorded shell length is 20 mm.[7]
This species has a large, spherical and brownish shell that is up to 14 mm high, with short lateral spines that are curved downward, a well-separated dorsal apertural lip, and a partially swollen ventral shell. Near the curved apertural margin there are clear transverse striae. The protoconch on the apical spine is straight and pointed.[6]
Distribution
editThis marine species is common, with a wide distribution from 43°N (or even ~50°N, and occasionally as far north as 67°N)[6] to 46°S, and from 97°W to 0°W, from Newfoundland to the Gulf of Mexico.[5][6] This distribution includes European waters, the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic Ocean (Azores, Cape Verde), the Northwest Atlantic (Gulf of Maine), Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the Lesser Antilles, Indian Ocean (Mascarene Basin), the Indo-Pacific and off New Zealand
Habitat
edit_-_Cavoliniidae_-_Mollusc_shell.jpeg)
The species is epipelagic, living in the uppermost layer of ocean between 0-30 m.[5] Its minimum recorded depth is 0 m and its maximum recorded depth is 4791 m.[7]
References
edit- ^ Niebuhr C. (ed.) (1775). Descriptiones animalium avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium quae in itinere orientali observavit Petrus Forskål, prof. Haun., post mortem auctoris edidit Carsten Niebuhr Hauniae [Copengagen], Möller, 1-164, 1 map.
- ^ Cavolinia tridentata (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 6 January 2019.
- ^ Forsskål, Peter; Niebuhr, Carsten; Haas, Jonas. Descriptiones animalium, avium, amphibiorum, piscium, insectorum, vermium. Hauniae: Ex officina Mölleri, aulae typographi.
- ^ Abildgaard, Peter Christian (1 January 1791). "Nyere Efterretning om det Skaldyr fra Middelhavet, som Forskål har beskrevet under Navn af Anomia tridentata". Skrifter af Naturhistorie-Selskabet (in Danish). 1 (2): 171–175.
- ^ a b c "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Cavolinia tridentata (Forsskål, 1775)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 6 July 2023.
- ^ a b c d JANSSEN, ARIE W.; BUSH, STEPHANIE L.; BEDNARŠEK, NINA (28 February 2019). "The shelled pteropods of the northeast Pacific Ocean (Mollusca: Heterobranchia, Pteropoda)". Zoosymposia. 13 (1): 305–346. doi:10.11646/ZOOSYMPOSIA.13.1.22.
- ^ a b Welch, John J. (2010). "The "Island Rule" and deep-sea gastropods: re-examining the evidence". PLoS ONE. 5 (1): e8776. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008776. PMC 2808249. PMID 20098740.
Further reading
edit- Drivas, J. & M. Jay (1988). Coquillages de La Réunion et de l'île Maurice
- Rosenberg, G. 1992. Encyclopedia of Seashells. Dorset: New York. 224 pp. page(s): 122
- Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
- Rolán E., 2005. Malacological Fauna From The Cape Verde Archipelago. Part 1, Polyplacophora and Gastropoda
- Willan, R. (2009). Opisthobranchia (Mollusca). In: Gordon, D. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Volume One: Kingdom Animalia. 584 pp
- Rosenberg, G., F. Moretzsohn, and E. F. García. 2009. Gastropoda (Mollusca) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 579–699 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.
- Janssen A.W. (2012) Late Quaternary to Recent holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) from bottom samples of the eastern Mediterranean Sea: systematics, morphology. Bollettino Malacologico 48 (suppl. 9): 1-105.
External links
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Media related to Cavolinia tridentata at Wikimedia Commons
- Cavolinia tridentata discussed on RNZ Critter of the Week, 7 July 2023