Carlos Meléndez Ramírez (1 February 1861 – 8 October 1919) was a Salvadoran politician who served as the president of El Salvador from 1913 to 1914 and again from 1915 to 1918. He also served as the president of the Legislative Assembly from 1912 to 1913.
Carlos Meléndez | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 22nd President of El Salvador | |
| In office 1 March 1915 – 21 December 1918 | |
| Vice President | Alfonso Quiñónez Molina |
| Preceded by | Alfonso Quiñónez Molina |
| Succeeded by | Alfonso Quiñónez Molina |
| In office 9 February 1913 – 29 August 1914 Provisional President | |
| Preceded by | Manuel Enrique Araujo |
| Succeeded by | Alfonso Quiñónez Molina |
| 64th President of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador | |
| In office 29 April 1912 – 1913 | |
| Preceded by | Fidel Antonio Novoa Meléndez |
| Succeeded by | Francisco García de Machón |
| Deputy of the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador from San Salvador | |
| In office 1904 – 1905, 1907 – 1910, 1912 – 1914 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Carlos Meléndez Ramírez 1 February 1861 San Salvador, El Salvador |
| Died | 8 October 1919 (aged 58) New York City, United States |
| Political party | National Democratic Party |
| Spouse | Sara Meza de Meléndez |
| Parent(s) | Rafael Meléndez Mercedes Ramírez |
| Relatives | Norberto Ramírez (grandfather) |
| Occupation | Politician |
Early and personal life
editCarlos Meléndez Ramírez was born on 1 February 1861 in San Salvador, El Salvador. His parents were Rafael Meléndez and Mercedes Ramírez de Meléndez. His maternal grandfather was Norberto Ramírez, the president of El Salvador from 1840 to 1841. His siblings were Rafael, Francisco, Guillermo, Jorge (who later served as president from 1919 to 1923), Leonor, Carmen, and Sor. His sister Carmen married Alfonso Quiñónez Molina, a physician. Meléndez married Sara Meza de Meléndez but did not have children.[1]
Political career
editFrom 1904 to 1905, 1907 to 1910, and 1912 to 1914, Meléndez served as a deputy of the Legislative Assembly.[2] From 29 April 1912 to 1913, Meléndez served as the president of the Legislative Assembly.[2][3]
Meléndez participated in the 1895 election, running to serve as General Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez's vice president. Meléndez won 18,792 votes, or 30.91 percent, losing to Liberal opponent Prudencio Alfaro.[4] Meléndez participated in the 1903 election, running to serve as Pedro José Escalón's vice president. Meléndez won 138 votes, or 0.12 percent, coming in last place and losing to Calixto Velado Eduardo.[5] Meléndez participated in the 1907 presidential election; he won only 8 votes, or 0.01 percent, coming in sixth place and losing to General Fernando Figueroa.[6]
On 9 February 1913, President Manuel Enrique Araujo was assassinated in San Salvador. As Araujo's vice president, Onofre Durán Santillana, had resigned prior to Araujo's assassination, Meléndez, who Araujo selected as the first designate, became the country's provisional president, serving until 29 August 1914 when he was succeeded by Quiñónez.[1][7] On 12 January 1915, Meléndez was elected as president of El Salvador unopposed and assumed office on 1 March 1915; Quiñónez was his vice president. In 1918, Meléndez formed the Red League, a paramilitary organization of the National Democratic Party (PDN) to intimidate political opponents.[7] Meléndez considered the Gulf of Fonseca to be Salvadoran territory due to historical reasons and its geographic configuration.[8] Under Meléndez, El Salvador remained neutral during World War I.[9]
Illness and death
editOn 21 December 1918, Meléndez resigned due to illness and was succeeded by Quiñónez.[7] In August 1919, Meléndez left El Salvador to the United States to seek treatment for his illness where he died in New York City on 8 October 1919.[1] His funeral was held the two days later at St. Patrick's Cathedral.[10] His body was returned to El Salvador on the USS Cleveland protected cruiser, arriving in La Libertad on 5 November 1919.[1]
Electoral history
edit| Year | Office | Type | Party | Main opponent | Party | Votes for Meléndez | Result | Swing | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | % | P. | ±% | |||||||||||
| 1895 | Vice President of El Salvador | General | Liberal | Prudencio Alfaro | Liberal | 18,792 | 30.91 | 2nd | N/A | Lost | Hold | |||
| 1903 | President of El Salvador | General | Military | Pedro José Escalón | Conservative | Unknown | Lost | Gain | ||||||
| Vice President of El Salvador | General | Liberal | Calixto Velado Eduardo | Ind. | 138 | 0.12 | 9th | –30.79 | Lost | Gain | ||||
| 1907 | President of El Salvador | General | Liberal | Fernando Figueroa | Liberal | 8 | 0.01 | 6th | ? | Lost | Gain | |||
| 1915 | President of El Salvador | General | PDN | Unopposed | ? | 100.00 | 1st | +99.99 | Won | Hold | ||||
References
editCitations
edit- ^ a b c d "Presidentes de El Salvador – Don Carlos Melendez" [Presidents of El Salvador – Don Carlos Melendez]. casapres.gob (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 17 March 2009. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ a b Zepeda Peña, Ciro Cruz (2006). "Historia del Órgano Legislativo de la República de El Salvador" [History of the Legislative Organ of the Republic of El Salvador] (PDF) (in Spanish) (III ed.). Legislative Assembly of El Salvador. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
- ^ "Diario Oficial (6 May 1912 Issue)" (PDF). Diario Oficial (in Spanish). San Salvador, El Salvador. p. 945.
- ^ "Elections and Events 1850–1899". University of California, San Diego. The Library – UC San Diego. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
- ^ "Cuadro Demonstrativo de los Votos Emitidos para Presidente y Vice Presidente de la República en el Período de 1903 a 1907" [Demonstrative Table of the Votes Cast for President and Vice President of the Republic for the Period of 1903 to 1907] (PDF). Diario Oficial (in Spanish). Vol. 54, no. 44. 20 February 1903. p. 298. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ "Cuadro Demonstrativo de los Votos Emitidos para Presidente y Vice Presidente de la República en el Período de 1907 a 1911" [Demonstrative Table of the Votes Cast for President and Vice President of the Republic for the Period of 1907 to 1911] (PDF). Diario Oficial (in Spanish). Vol. 62, no. 48. 26 February 1907. p. 354. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ a b c "Elections and Events 1900–1934". University of California, San Diego. Archived from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
- ^ Bernal Ramírez & Quijano de Batres 2009, p. 74.
- ^ Bernal Ramírez & Quijano de Batres 2009, p. 35.
- ^ "Carlos Meléndez Dies". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. New York City, New York. 9 October 1919. p. 3. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
Bibliography
edit- Bernal Ramírez, Luis Guillermo & Quijano de Batres, Ana Elia, eds. (2009). Historia 2 El Salvador [History 2 El Salvador] (PDF). Historia El Salvador (in Spanish). Ministry of Education. ISBN 978-99923-63-68-3. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
