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Carl Wilhelm Petersen (born 1 January 1868 in Hamburg; died 6 November 1933 in Hamburg) was a German lawyer, politician for the German Democratic Party (German abbr.: DDP) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1924 – 29 and 1932 – 33).
Carl Petersen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| First Mayor of Hamburg and President of the Hamburg Senate | |
| In office 1 January 1924 – 31 December 1929 | |
| Preceded by | Arnold Diestel |
| Succeeded by | Rudolf Ross |
| In office 1 January 1932 – 4 March 1933 | |
| Preceded by | Rudolf Ross |
| Succeeded by | Carl Vincent Krogmann |
| Member of the Reichstag | |
| In office 1920–1924 | |
| Constituency | Hamburg |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 January 1868 Hamburg |
| Died | 6 November 1933 (aged 65) Hamburg |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | German Democratic Party (German abbr.: DDP) |
| Alma mater | Ruperto Carola Lipsiensis |
Petersen, who in 1912 ranked among the 200 richest Hamburgers, was elected a member of the Hamburg Parliament in 1899. His grandfather Carl Friedrich Petersen had officiated as Hamburg's head of government (first burgomaster) until his death in 1892. A member of the Progressive People's Party he joined the faction of the right. After in 1906 Hamburg's new suffrage law (nicknamed Wahlrechtsraub, i.e. suffrage robbery) increased the influence of voters paying high taxes on the expense of others, which Petersen opposed, he joined the newly formed faction of the United Liberals, one of the predecessors of the post-World War I DDP. Petersen became the head of the United Liberals.
On 20 April 1918 the Hamburg Parliament elected Petersen a lifelong Senator of Hamburg. On 12 November 1918 the Hamburg revolutionary Soldiers' and Workers' Council deposed the Senate of Hamburg, but reappointed senate and senators as acting administration only on 18 November. In this function Petersen continued into the Weimar Republic, until the complete senate resigned on 27 March 1919, thus ending the life-term mandates under Hamburg's old 1860 constitution.
On 28–30 March 1919 the Hamburg Parliament, first time elected under equal suffrage by men and women of Hamburg, elected a new senate, into which Petersen and six more pre-war senators were reëlected, besides eleven new senators. Petersen gained 103 of 160 votes. Petersen was reëlected senator in 1921, 1924, 1928, 1931 and 1932. In 1919 Petersen himself was no member of the Hamburg Parliament any more, but returned from 1921 to 1924 and again from 1928 to 1933.
Petersen had a Jewish mother.[1] He fought against anti-Semitism.[2]
Bernhard Lustig, (1884-1969[3]) who served with Hitler during WWI,[4][5] in a 1961 interview[6] recalled that in a meeting of the party in Munich, after a debate, Hitler had refused to talk about the issues but attacked, in rage, Petersen saying that his mother was of Jewish origin. To which Petersen proudly replied, "yes, my mother was Jewish; she was a wonderful woman."[7]
From 1919 to 1924 he was president of the DDP, in the Weimar National Assembly (1919–1920) chairman of the Committee of Inquiry into War Guilt, then a member of the German Parliament, and in its successor German State Party he was one of three collegial speakers from 1932 to 1933. In 1924 his fellow senators elected him First Mayor of Hamburg, thus head of state and of government (president of the senate) - though under the auspices of a primus inter pares regulation -, and reëlected until 1929. Then Petersen became Second Mayor (deputy mayor) under his successor First Mayor Rudolf Ross, succeeding him again as of 1 January 1932. On 4 March 1933 he resigned from office as First Mayor and senator, unwilling to execute orders he considered illegal given by Hitler's new government. After the end of Hitler's reign the Control Commission for Germany - British Element appointed his younger brother Rudolf Petersen First Mayor in 1945.
References
edit- ^ Pulzer, Peter G. J.. Jews and the German State: The Political History of a Minority, 1848-1933. United States: Wayne State University Press, 2003.
274.
Carl Petersen, who had one Jewish parent, became Lord Mayor of Hamburg...
- ^ Grenville, J A S. The Jews and Germans of Hamburg: The Destruction of a Civilization 1790-1945. United States: Taylor & Francis, 2013.44.
- ^ [1]. At myheritage.com
- ^ Letter from Hans Lustig to his teacher Robert Raphael Geis - 1933, jmberlin.de.
- ^ "New evidence helps to 'cement the case' against Hitler's First World War record | News | The University of Aberdeen". www.abdn.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-09-22.
- ^ Weber, Thomas. Hitler's First War: Adolf Hitler, the Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War. United Kingdom: OUP Oxford, 2010. 353.
- ^ Haretz, Dec 22, 1961.
The man who served in the same regiment as Hitler by Natan Ribon [...] The basement episodes Mr. Lustig ran into Hitler one more time .. after the (first world) war. It was in Munich at the meeting of the "Democratic Party" held in ... basement. In the debate that arose after the words of Mr. Petersen, he was the mayor of Hamburg at the time, the disheveled and tattered figure of Adolf Hitler suddenly stood up from the crowd of listeners. Instead of replying to the substance of things, the young man struck by the sick hatred for Jews burst out with hateful anti-Semitic words, he accused Peterson that his mother is Jewish. Mr. Lustig cites the sentence that Petersen replied to Hitler and which was engraved -his verbatim and spirit- into his memory: "Indeed - Peterson defied Hitler, "My mother is Jewish, she was a wonderful woman." They refused to recommend a promotion Mr. Lustig adds and says that Hitler's commander at headquarters, Unteroffizier, Weimar, who was his (Lustig's) personal friend, could not stand Hitler and rejected repeated requests to promote him. Lustig himself encountered Hitler several times when he visited the battalion headquarters on vacation. "He was an unusual type, closed in on himself and left the impression of being vague, as someone whose mind is not settled on him. He never participated in soldiers' celebrations and parties, and even at Christmas retired to a "corner to be alone." This impression coincides with Scheerer's suspicion of Hitler's secretive personality. "He did not receive gifts or letters from home from others. He never asked for freedom, nor did he show any interest in women like the other soldiers in battle." More than once, Lustig heard a negative opinion about Hitler's behavior as a soldier, from the mouth of his commander Weimar....
Sources
edit- Husen, Sebastian (2005). "Petersen, Carl Wilhelm". Hamburg Lexikon (in German) (3 ed.). Ellert&Richter. p. 371. ISBN 3-8319-0179-1.
External links
edit
- Carl Wilhelm Petersen in the German National Library catalogue
- Newspaper clippings about Carl Wilhelm Petersen in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW