The Captain in Chief were a group of regents elected in 1445, by the Hungarian Estates.[1] The Captain in Chiefs contained seven members, John Hunyadi, Nicholas Újlaki, George Rozgonyi, Emeric Bebek, Michael Ország, Pongrac Szentmiklósi, and John Jiskra.[2][1] The seven captains would only last for one year until John Hunyadi would be bestowed sole regentship in 1446 by the Diet of Hungary.[3]
History
editThe Captains formed after the death of Władysław III of Poland in 1444.[2] With Hungary crown-less they elected Ladislaus the Posthumous son of Albert the seconded, However, young Ladislaus was kept in Tyrol by Fredrick the Third. The Hungarian Estates requested Ladislaus to be given to them, unfortunately Fredrick rejected this. This caused infighting in the central government, before they could step on one sole regent, they decided to elect a total of seven noble men and men of high influence to manage seven different Captaincy of Hungary.[4]
During this time there was immense struggle between the Hungarian estates this caused some Members of the Captain in Chief's to abuse their power. They became robber barons, the two most notorious for it Pongrac Szentmiklosi and Jhon Jiskra.[5][6]
During this time there was also a divide to keep Ladislaus the rightful heir or Replace him. Emeric III Bebek spent most his time gathering Slavonian nobility it started with Luigi Aldemarisco and Voivode Hrvoje. The Bebeks managed to skillfully attract a significant part of the Slavonian nobility to Ladislaus's side.
On the other side Trau, Sebenico and Spalato swore allegiance to the Alfonso V of Aragon one after another before his governor, Aldemarisco, and even before Christmas, the same Dalmatian cities solemnly invited Ladislaus to take possession of his new country.[7]
Death of Members
editEmeric III Bebek - Died in 1448 while in an army with John Hunyadi; they were against Sultan Murád's forces that outnumbered them 6 to 1. This battle would end up lasting 3 days in Serbia. Only when reinforcements came were they defeated by the Olahs (Wallachians). John Hunyadi barely escaped; on his way he was robbed by 2 people; he ended up killing one. He was then helped by Nándorfehérvár, who led him to Szendrő and sold him out to the Branković's; they released him the following year, in 1449.[8]
Voivode's
edit- Transylvania - Emeric III Bebek - After the disoultion he was regranted it in 1446 and until he died in Rigómezdn in 1448.[11] Along with the council we saw John Geréb de Vingárt, a member of a prestigious noble family[12] he had risen from a castellan of Görgény to Vice-Voivode.[13]
Common myths
edit- That there were only five members.[14]
- That we Know the exact date John Hunyadi took power some sources say 1446 while others say 1448[8]
References
edit- ^ a b Benda, Kálmán; Solymosi, László (1981). Magyarország történeti kronológiája: a kezdetektöl 1970-ig, négy kötetben. Történettudományi intézet. Budapest: Akadémiai kiadó. ISBN 978-963-05-2661-6.
- ^ a b Engel, Pál (2001). Ayton, Andrew (ed.). The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval Hungary, 895 - 1526. International library of historical studies. London: Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-061-2.
- ^ Kontler, László (1999). Millennium in Central Europe: a history of Hungary. Budapest: Atlantisz Publishing House. ISBN 978-963-9165-37-3.
- ^ "Ladislas V | Holy Roman Emperor, Bohemian Reformation, Hungarian Reformation". www.britannica.com. 2023-11-19. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
- ^ "Bánlaky József - A magyar nemzet hadtörténelme". mek.oszk.hu. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- ^ "I. A szentmiklósi és óvári Pongrácz-család. | Turul 1883-1950 | Kézikönyvtár". www.arcanum.com (in Hungarian). Retrieved 2023-11-29.
- ^ Codex diplomaticus Hungariae ecclesiasticus ac civilis. Tomi X. Vol. 4. (Budae, 1841.). 1841.
- ^ a b Orbán, József; Könyvtár, ELTE Tanító-és Óvóképző Kar Kari (1870). "Magyarország története, népiskolák számára". Tizedik kiadás (in Hungarian).
- ^ Lakatos, Bálint (January 2013). "Ingatlanforgalmi ügyek a késő középkori magyarországi mezővárosokban és falvakban" [Real estate transactions in late medieval Hungarian market towns and villages]. Acta Historica (in Hungarian). 135: 139–164. ProQuest 2379720861.
- ^ "KÖLESD FELSÔHÍDVÉG HIEMER JESZENSZKY KASTÉLYÁNAK NÁDORTERME - PDF Ingyenes letöltés". docplayer.hu. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
- ^ Liktor, Zoltan Attila (2018). "The First Habsburg-Hungary (1437-1457) II. Political Warfare - Public Legal Stability (1440-1452)". Iustum Aequum Salutare. 14: 239.
- ^ Engel 2001a. Kacsics nem 6. tábla: Geréb (vingárti); Kubinyi 2001. 16.
- ^ Engel 1996. I. 15., 321.; C. Tóth et al. 2017. 84
- ^ Moravcsik, Gyula (1935). Moravcsik, Gyula (ed.). Görög költemény a várnai csatáról. Budapest: Egyetemi Nyomda.