51°15′11″N 0°45′25″W / 51.253°N 0.757°W Cambridge Military Hospital was a hospital completed in 1879 in Aldershot Garrison, Hampshire, England which served the various British Army camps there. During World War I, the Cambridge Hospital was the first base hospital to receive casualties directly from the Western Front.[1] It was also the first place where plastic surgery was performed in the British Empire under Harold Gillies. It is now the residential estate Gun Hill Park.
| Cambridge Military Hospital | |
|---|---|
 Cambridge Military Hospital, 1891. | |
| Active | 1879–1996 |
| Country |  United Kingdom |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Medical Care |
| Role | Hospital |
| Garrison/HQ | Aldershot, Hampshire |
Earlier hospitals in Aldershot
editThe first military hospital in Aldershot was a wooden hutted structure, near the garrison church. It was established for lunatics and infectious diseases as well as providing some family accommodation.[1]
Secondly there was the Union Hospital at Wellington Lines.[2] It was converted in the 1860s from a workhouse, the Union Poor House, which had originally been a private residence. It was small, but for the time, well-equipped.[1] It closed shortly after the opening of the Cambridge Hospital.[3]
Thirdly there was the Connaught Hospital at Marlborough Lines.[2] Established in the second half of the 19th century, it was named after Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and was for a while a specialist venereal disease hospital for 300 men.[4] It was later a dental facility before it closed on 29 September 1973.[5]
The new hospital
editThe Cambridge Military Hospital, built by Messrs Martin Wells and Co. of Aldershot, was located at Stanhope Lines;[2] the design was based on that of the Royal Herbert Hospital in Woolwich.[6] It was named after Prince George, Duke of Cambridge and opened on 18 July 1879.[1] The Louise Margaret Hospital for military wives and children was opened alongside in 1897.[7]
The hospital has been extended over the years. By 1893 two new angled pavilion wards were added at the ends of the main through corridor. Since 1931 many additions and alterations have been made, compromising the elegant initial design.[8][6]
In the First World War, the Cambridge Hospital was the first base hospital to receive casualties directly from the Western Front.[1] The Cambridge Hospital was also the first place where plastic surgery was performed in the British Empire. Captain Gillies (later Sir Harold Gillies), met Hippolyte Morestin, while on leave in Paris in 1915. Morestin was reconstructing faces in the Val-de-Grace Hospital in Paris. Gillies fell in love with the work, and at the end of 1915 was sent back from France to start a Plastic Unit in the Cambridge Hospital.[1] He was assisted in this work by the dental surgeon William Kelsey Fry, who reconstructed jaws.[9] The doctor and artist Henry Tonks worked for Harold Gillies producing pastel drawings recording facial injury cases at the Cambridge Military Hospital and the Queen's Hospital, Sidcup[10][11]
After the Second World War, with the decline in importance of Britain's military commitments, civilians were admitted to the hospital. It pioneered the supply of portable operating theatres and supplies for frontline duties. The hospital also contained the Army Chest Unit.[12]
The hospital was closed on 2 February 1996 due to the high cost of running the old building as well as the discovery of asbestos in the walls.[1] In 2014 permission was granted for the hospital to be converted to provide housing. Subsequently, the 12-acre (4.9 ha) site was acquired by Weston Homes for conversion into residential accommodation, as part of the wider 370-acre (150 ha) Aldershot Urban Extension scheme.[13] The main building is grade II listed.[6]
Nearby at the top of Gun Hill is the RAMC Memorial which commemorates the 314 men of the Royal Army Medical Corps who lost their lives in the Boer War of 1899 to 1902.[14]
Gun Hill Park
edit
The Grade II listed former hospital building and the 12 acre complex of Victorian and Edwardian era support buildings around it is being redeveloped at a cost of £60 million for residential use by Weston Homes as Gun Hill Park, part of the newly created Wellesley Estate in Aldershot. Acquired by Weston Homes in May 2019, the main building of 1879 has been converted to include 74 apartments with large communal foyers and spaces in addition to a large penthouse incorporating the building's clock tower.[15] Gun Hill Park incorporates a number of new-build houses with private gardens and set in landscaped grounds.[16]
In October 2021 a bronze bust of Florence Nightingale by Hampshire-based sculptor Amy Goodman was unveiled in front of the hospital building by Goodman and Bob Weston, CEO of Weston Homes. For the bust, Goodman was inspired by books about Nightingale's life and referred to photographs taken of her by William Edward Kilburn in about 1856 and that taken by Claudius Erskine Goodman in about 1858. The bust sits on a plinth of Portland stone, often used for memorials and commemorative sculpture. The inscription was hand-carved by the memorial artist Maya Martin.[17][18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g "Cambridge Military Hospital". QARANC. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ a b c "Aldershot" – The Project Gutenberg Encyclopedia Volume 1 of 28
- ^ The Cambridge Military Hospital – A Short History Archived 20 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine Royal Army Medical Corps 1974. 120, 138-157
- ^ The military hospitals at home
- ^ "The RADC Memorial Stone". Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
- ^ a b c Historic England. "Main Block of Cambridge Military Hospital (Grade II) (1339693)". National Heritage List for England.
- ^ "Visit of the Queen Mother to the Louise Margaret Hospital, Aldershot". Sense of Place South East. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "Cambridge Military Hospital". grainger plc. Rushmoor Borough Council. 2013. Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ^ Fry, Sir William Kelsey (1889-1963), Plarr’s Lives of the Fellows, Royal College of Surgeons of England database
- ^ VH Ward, 'Henry Tonks – The Facial Injury Artist', British Dental Journal, Vol. 187, No. 8, 23 October 1999
- ^ S. Biernoff, ‘Flesh Poems: Henry Tonks and the Art of Surgery,’ Visual Culture in Britain, 11,1 (Mar. 2010): 25–47.
- ^ Derelict Places
- ^ "Cambridge Military Hospital". Wellesley: A New Neighbourhood. Grainger PLC. Retrieved 8 December 2019.
- ^ "The RAMC Memorial". Aldershot Civic Society. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ Gun Hill Park, Weston Homes website
- ^ Weston Homes launch Gun Hill Park: The Cambridge Military Hospital in Aldershot transformed into new homes Weston Homes news
- ^ Public Commissions, Amy Goodman's website
- ^ Florence Nightingale Sculpture by Amy Goodman unveiled at Gun Hill Park, Aldershot, Weston Homes website
External links
edit- Redevelopment overview document, Rushmoor Borough Council Archived 31 March 2022 at the Wayback Machine