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Calvin Fixx

Calvin Fixx, born Calvin Henry Fix (August 1, 1906 – March 3, 1950), was an American journalist and editor, lifelong friend of Robert Cantwell and friend of Whittaker Chambers, both fellow editors at Time magazine. All three were either Marxist or communist during the 1920s and 1930s and then became anti-communists by 1939.[1][2][3]

Calvin Fixx
Born
Calvin Henry Fix

(1906-08-01)August 1, 1906
Lyman, Idaho, US
DiedMarch 3, 1950(1950-03-03) (aged 43)
Atlantic City, New Jersey, US
Alma materUniversity of Washington
Occupation(s)Editor, journalist, writer
Years active1926–1950
Employer(s)Time, Life
Organization(s)Time, Inc.
SpouseMarlys Virginia Fuller Fixx (1906–his death)
Children2, including Jim Fixx

Background

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View of Aberdeen, Washington, where Fixx began lifelong friendship with Robert Cantwell

Calvin Fixx was born Calvin Henry Fix in Lyman, Idaho, on August 1, 1906, the son of Henry Martin Fix (1883–1971) and Maggie Priscilla Smith Fix (1888–1958). He had two brothers, Ford and Harley, and a sister, Georgia.[1][3]

He attended high school in Aberdeen, Washington, where he began a lifelong friendship with Robert Cantwell. He attended business school in Aberdeen briefly.[3]

Cantwell and Fixx dreamed of "escaping to New York".[4][5]

Career

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Crowd gathering at Wall Street and Broad Street after 1929 crash - the Great Depression shaped Fixx's experience in New York City

In 1927, Fixx hitchhiked cross-country to New York City. He took a part-time job in a Greenwich Village bookshop and wrote freelance book reviews. He took other jobs, such as secretary to author Lyle Saxon.[6] At this time, he added a second "x" to his surname because, he said, "a verb cannot be a name." He began to act informally as Cantwell's agent and helped him publish his first major short story. In 1929, he encouraged Robert Cantwell to come to New York City and they shared a flat in Greenwich Village.[3][4][5]

In 1936, he joined Time with Robert Cantwell, Robert Fitzgerald, and James Agee.[1][3][6][7][8]

In early 1939, Fitzgerald resigned. In April 1939, Chambers was hired by Henry Luce, and Fixx joined Chambers in the Books section.[9][10] In 1940, William Saroyan lists Fixx among "contributing editors" at Time in Saroyan's play, Love's Old Sweet Song.[11]

In October 1942, while working in Time's "Back of the Book" section with Chambers, Fixx suffered a "severe heart attack", most probably brought on by the routine he and Chambers had adopted of "work[ing] a day and a half nonstop, stimulating themselves with six packs of cigarettes and a continual stream of coffee".[12] Luce gave him a year's leave and salary to recover.[2][3][4] (Wilder Hobson succeeded Fixx as assistant editor of Books.)[3] Chambers also suffered a heart attack a month later and also went on leave.[9][13] (Allen Weinstein notes that the FBI had visited Chambers in May 1942 to question him about his communist activities.[14])

Upon Fixx's return, in 1943, he gave up editorial work for "special projects" (as did Chambers).[1][3] He also worked in the public relations department.[15]

Personal life and death

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Residential street in Jackson Heights, Queens, where Fixx lived much of his life

On October 31, 1930, Fixx married Marlys Virginia Fuller (1906–2004) of Detroit, Michigan, a graduate of the 1929 class at Northwestern University.[3][16][17] They lived at 3328 81 Street, Jackson Heights, Queens, New York.[1][3]

According to Robert Fitzgerald, Fixx was a Mormon.[10] Fixx's wife Marlys was Anglican.[17] After his death, she worked at Oberlin College as house mother/director of May Cottage.[18] When son Jim Fixx died, he left his estate to her, worth several million dollars.[19]

Calvin Fixx died age 43 on March 3, 1950, of a second heart attack, in an Atlantic City hospital. Surviving him were his wife, both parents, son James, daughter Catherine, brothers Ford and Harley, and sister Georgia.[1] His son, Jim Fixx, would also die of a heart attack, at the age of 52 in 1984.

Fixx is buried in Carmel, New York, in the Loudonsville Cemetery, in Putnam County, New York.

Impact

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T.S. Matthews staff

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Map of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39)–the event that epitomized the radicalism of Fixx, Cantwell, and their generation

Fixx, close colleagues, and many staff members as of the 1930s helped elevate Time–"interstitial intellectuals", as historian Robert Vanderlan has called them.[13]

Colleague and best-selling author John Hersey described them as follows:

Time was in an interesting phase; an editor named Tom Matthews had gathered a brilliant group of writers, including James Agee, Robert Fitzgerald, Whittaker Chambers, Robert Cantwell, Louis Kronenberger, and Calvin Fixx ... They were dazzling. Time's style was still very hokey—"backward ran sentences till reeled the mind"—but I could tell, even as a neophyte, who had written each of the pieces in the magazine, because each of these writers had such a distinctive voice.[20]

Colleagues

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Fixx's death at age 43 profoundly affected his close friends. His death helped take away all motivation in Cantwell to write.[4] In his memoir, Chambers described Fixx as "my closest friend at Time.[9] Chambers recorded the death in a letter to another friend:

This morning, at 7 o'clock, died the friend who knew most about me, a man on whom I built an absolute trust, and to whose wisdom, patience, courage, and humility I constantly repaired–Calvin Fixx.[21]

Chambers took his son John to Fixx's funeral.[15]

Fixx was in charge of novelist Sloan Wilson when Wilson joined Time.[22]

Communism and the Hiss case

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Whittaker Chambers joined Robert Cantwell as close friend of Fixx's during their years at Time

In the 1930s during the popular front years, Fixx was either a member of the Communist Party USA or supportive of Marxism. By 1939 with the Hitler-Stalin Pact, he started toward anti-communism, following Cantwell and Chambers.[4]

In 1939, the triumvirate (Fixx, Cantwell, Chambers) challenged the communist-controlled Time chapter of the Newspaper Guild by making a motion to send aid to Loyalists (Republicans) in the Spanish Civil War at a time, following the Hitler-Stalin Pact, communists supported Nationalist (Falangists): they were defeated 42 to 3.[2][9]

During the first months of the Alger Hiss case (1948–1950), Chambers, feeling unable to face Time offices, used to spend much time at Fixx's home.[15]

Supporters of Hiss used Fixx's 1942 heart attack and 1950 death to criticize his 1942 supervisor Whittaker Chambers. Ardent Hiss supporter Meyer Zeligs elaborated how Chambers "drew [Fixx] into the orbit of this killing [work] schedule".[23]

David Cort rewrote his own account:

A ghoulish episode occurred, instigated by that plausible Cagliostro on Time magazine, Whittaker Chambers. His totally unnecessary routine of working his foreign department through every night on black coffee reduced one willing colleague, Calvin Fixx, to a heart attack.[24]

Subsequent writers repeated this charge, often near-verbatim from Cort.[25]

Works

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Time did not give bylines during Fixx's tenure, but he also published elsewhere, including these in The New Republic:

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Calvin Fixx". The New York Times. 4 March 1950. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  2. ^ a b c Seyersted, Per (2004). Robert Cantwell: An American 1930s Radical Writer and His Apostasy. Oslo: Novus Press. ISBN 82-7099-397-2. Archived from the original on 2020-01-26. Retrieved 2016-12-15.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Hall, Foster (2000). "Calvin Henry Fixx". Family Search. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d e Reed, T.V (2014). Robert Cantwell and the Literary Left: A Northwest Writer Reworks American Fiction. University of Washington. pp. 26–27. ISBN 9780295805047. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  5. ^ a b Steiner, Michael C. (2015). Regionalists on the Left: Radical Voices from the American West. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806148953. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  6. ^ a b Chance, Harvey (30 September 2003). The Life and Selected Letters of Lyle Saxon. Pelican Publishing. ISBN 9781455607365. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ Fitzgerald, Robert (17 June 2016). "James Agee". This Recording. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  8. ^ "Letters: Calvin and Marlys Fixx to Bob and Eleanor Fitzgerald". Yale University Library. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness. New York: Random House. pp. 478, 494–495. ISBN 9780394452333. LCCN 52005149.
  10. ^ a b Fitzgerald, Robert (1993). The Third Kind of Knowledge. New York: New Directions. p. 93. ISBN 9780811217743.
  11. ^ Saroyan, William (1940). Love's Old Sweet Song: A Play in Three Acts. Samuel French. pp. 72, 76. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  12. ^ Hartshorn, L. (2013), Alger Hiss, Whittaker Chambers and the Case That Ignited McCarthyism, McFarland & Company, Jefferson, North Carolina and London, p. 66
  13. ^ a b Vanderlan, Robert (2011). Intellectuals Incorporated: Politics, Art, and Ideas Inside Henry Luce's Media Empire. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 239. ISBN 978-0812205633. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  14. ^ Weinstein, Allen (1978). Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case. Random House. ISBN 9780817912260. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  15. ^ a b c Tanenhaus, Sam (1997). Whittaker Chambers: A Biography. Random House. ISBN 9780307789266. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  16. ^ "In Which When James Agee Woke He Was Almost Home". Northwestern University. 17 June 1929. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  17. ^ a b "Marlys Fuller Fixx". Sarasota Herald Tribune. 7 February 2004. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  18. ^ Busick, Elie (18 January 1955). "Investigation Finds Parlor Rules System No Longer In Use". Oberlin Review. Oberlin College. p. 1. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  19. ^ "Jim Fixx". New York Daily News. 28 August 1984. p. 11. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  20. ^ Dee, Jonathan (1986). "John Hersey, The Art of Fiction No. 92". The Paris Review. Vol. Summer-Fall 1986, no. 100. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  21. ^ Chambers, Whittaker; de Toledano, Ralph (1997). Notes from the Underground: The Whittaker Chambers--Ralph de Toledano Letters: 1949–1960. Regnery Publishers. p. 17. ISBN 9780895264251. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  22. ^ Wilson, Sloan (1976). What Shall We Wear to This Party?: The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit Twenty Years Before & After. Arbor House. pp. 21, 171–172. ISBN 9780877951193. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  23. ^ Zeligs, Meyer (1967). Friendship and Fratricide. Viking. pp. 308–309. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  24. ^ Cort, David (1974). The Sin of Henry R. Luce: An Anatomy of Journalism. L. Stuart. pp. 149, 300 (ghoulish). ISBN 9780818402012. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  25. ^ Hartshorn, Lewis (2013). Alger Hiss, Whittaker Chambers, and the Case that Ignited McCarthyism. McFarland (self-published). p. 66. ISBN 9780786474424. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
  26. ^ Fixx, Calvin (21 October 1936). "Fiction Round-Up: King Cole by W.R. Burnett". The New Republic.
  27. ^ Fixx, Calvin (19 October 1938). "King Cole by W.R. Burnett". The New Republic.
  28. ^ Fixx, Calvin (19 October 1938). "Dynasty of Death by Taylor Caldwell". The New Republic.
  29. ^ Fixx, Calvin (19 October 1938). "Meek Heritage by F.E. Sillanpaa". The New Republic.
  30. ^ Fixx, Calvin (19 October 1938). "Horns for our Adornment by Aksel Sandemose". The New Republic.
  31. ^ Fixx, Calvin (19 October 1938). "The Monument by Pamela Hansford Johnson". The New Republic.

External sources

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