The First cabinet of Jules Dufaure was the 54th cabinet of France and the second of the Third Republic, seating from 19 February 1871[1] to 18 May 1873,[2] headed by Jules Dufaure as Vice-President of the Council of Ministers[3] and Minister of Justice, under the presidency of Adolphe Thiers.
Cabinet Dufaure I | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} 54th Cabinet of France | |
.jpg) The cabinet at the end of 1872. | |
| Date formed | 19 February 1871 |
| Date dissolved | 18 May 1873 |
| People and organisations | |
| President[a] | Adolphe Thiers |
| Head of government | Jules Dufaure |
| Member parties | |
| Status in legislature | Majority 580 / 638 (91%) |
| Opposition parties | |
| History | |
| Election | 1871 legislative election |
| Predecessor | National Defence |
| Successor | Dufaure II |
History
edit
The Government of National Defence, having led the republic during the Franco-Prussian War, signed the Armistice of Versailles which provided for new elections in the National Assembly to establish a more legitimate government.[4]
The cabinet was formed following the Legislative elections of 1871, which saw a majority of royalists elected.[5] Their initial project was a third Restoration of descendants of either the Bourbons or the Orléans;[6] the Republic was merely seen at that time by royalists as a system of transition before the return of a constitutional monarchy.
However, Jules Dufaure succeeded in assembling a coalition of Opportunists, Legitimists, Orleanists and independent Liberals, while leaving Bonapartists, marginalized following the fall of the Second Empire,[6] and Radicals, openly in favour of the pursuit of the war, out of the majority.
On 18 May 1873, Adolphe Thiers, wishing to reorganize the government and to make it more republican leaning, asked the cabinet to resign and tasked Jules Dufaure to form a new one, leading to the formation of the Cabinet Dufaure II.[2]
Actions
editThe main actions of the government were to deal with the Paris Commune[7] and to end the Franco-Prussian War by conducting negotiations with Bismarck before signing the Treaty of Frankfurt and reducing the indemnity requested by Prussia to five billion francs.[5]
It also supervised the reorganization of the French Army in order to provide it with manpower equivalent to that of the Prussian Army and to professionalize it,[8] and finally dissolved the National Guard now seen as a major threat to the republic and the regular army.[9]
Composition
edit| Vice-President of the Council of Ministers : Jules Dufaure | ||||||
| Portfolio[b] | Name | Took office | Left office | Party | Ref. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Minister of Justice | 19 February 1871 | 18 May 1873 | Opportunist Republicans | [1] | ||
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | 19 February 1871 | 2 August 1871 | Opportunist Republicans | [1] | ||
| 2 August 1871 | 18 May 1873 | Centre-right | [10] | |||
| Minister of Interior | 19 February 1871 | 5 June 1871 | Centre-left | [1] | ||
Félix Lambrecht | 5 June 1871 | 11 October 1871 | Centre-left | [11] | ||
| 11 October 1871 | 6 February 1872 | Opportunist Republicans | [12] | |||
| 6 February 1872 | 7 December 1872 | Opportunist Republicans | [13] | |||
Eugène de Goulard | 7 December 1872 | 18 May 1873 | Orleanist | [14] | ||
| Minister of War | 19 February 1871 | 5 June 1871 | Orleanist | [1] | ||
| 5 June 1871 | 18 May 1873 | Legitimist | [11] | |||
| Minister of Navy and Colonies | 19 February 1871 | 18 May 1873 | Centre-left | [1] | ||
| Minister of Public Instruction | 19 February 1871 | 18 May 1873 | Opportunist Republicans | [1] | ||
| Minister of Agriculture | Félix Lambrecht | 19 February 1871 | 5 June 1871 | Centre-left | [1] | |
| 5 June 1871 | 6 February 1872 | Opportunist Republicans | [11] | |||
Eugène de Goulard | 6 February 1872 | 23 April 1872 | Orleanist | [13] | ||
| 23 April 1872 | 18 May 1873 | Centre-left | [15] | |||
| Minister of Public Works | 19 February 1871 | 7 December 1872 | Legitimist | [1] | ||
| 7 December 1872 | 18 May 1873 | Centre-right | [16] | |||
| Minister of Finance | 19 February 1871 | 25 February 1871 | Centre-right | [1] | ||
| 25 February 1871 | 23 April 1872 | Centre-right | [17] | |||
Eugène de Goulard | 23 April 1872 | 7 December 1872 | Orleanist | [15] | ||
| 7 December 1872 | 18 May 1873 | ALP | [16] | |||
| Undersecretary of State for the Ministry of Interior | Marc-Antoine Calmon | 23 February 1871 | 7 December 1872 | Centre-left | [18] | |
Ernest Pascal | 9 April 1873 | 18 May 1873 | Bonapartist | [19] | ||
| Undersecretary of State for the Ministry of War | Charles Letellier-Valazé | 26 March 1873 | 18 May 1873 | Centre-left | [20] | |
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Government of the French Republic (19 February 1871). "Decree on the composition of the government". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ a b Government of the French Republic (18 May 1873). "Decree on the composition of the government". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (2 September 1872). "Decree appointing the Vice-President of the Council of Ministers". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Fortescue, William (2000). The Third Republic in France 1870-1940: Conflicts and Continuities. Routledge. p. 11. ISBN 0-415-16944-5. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ a b Fortescue, William (2000). The Third Republic in France 1870-1940: Conflicts and Continuities. Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 0-415-16944-5. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ a b Fortescue, William (2000). The Third Republic in France 1870-1940: Conflicts and Continuities. Routledge. p. 24. ISBN 0-415-16944-5. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Schmidt, Martin E. (1974). Alexandre Ribot: Odyssey of a Liberal in the Third Republic. Martinus Nijhoff. p. 12. ISBN 978-90-247-1639-5. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Grubb, Alan (1996). The Politics of Pessimism: Albert de Broglie and Conservative Politics in the Early Third Republic. Associated University Presses. p. 75. ISBN 0-87413-575-3. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Ollier, Edmund (1871). Cassell's History of the War Between France and Germany, 1870-1871, Volume 2. Cassell, Petter & Galpin. p. 530. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (2 August 1871). "Decree appointing the Minister of Foreign Affairs". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ a b c Government of the French Republic (5 June 1871). "Decree appointing the Minister of Interior, the Minister of Agriculture and the Minister of War". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (11 October 1871). "Decree appointing the Minister of Interior". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ a b Government of the French Republic (6 February 1872). "Decree appointing the Minister of Interior and the Minister of Agriculture". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (7 December 1872). "Decree appointing the Minister of Interior". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ a b Government of the French Republic (23 April 1872). "Decree appointing the Minister of Finance and the Minister of Agriculture". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ a b Government of the French Republic (7 December 1872). "Decree appointing the Minister of Finance and the Minister of Public Works". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (25 February 1871). "Decree appointing the Minister of Finance". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 12 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (23 February 1871). "Decree appointing an Undersecretary of State". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (9 April 1873). "Decree appointing an Undersecretary of State". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 16 March 2020.
- ^ Government of the French Republic (26 March 1873). "Decree appointing an Undersecretary of State". gallica.bnf.fr (in French). Retrieved 16 March 2020.