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By-elections to the House of Lords

By-elections to the House of Lords occur when vacancies arise among seats assigned to hereditary peers due to death, resignation, or disqualification. Candidates for these by-elections are limited to holders of hereditary peerages, and their electorates are made up of sitting Lords; in most cases the electorate are those sitting hereditary peers of the same party affiliation as the departed peer.

Overview

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Following the enactment of the House of Lords Act 1999, the number of hereditary peers entitled to sit in the House of Lords was reduced to ninety-two. The Earl Marshal and the Lord Great Chamberlain were entitled to sit ex officio; the remaining ninety were elected by all the hereditary peers before the passing of the reform.

Before the passing of the 1999 Act, the Lords approved a Standing Order stating that the remaining hereditary peers shall consist of:

  • 2 peers to be elected by the Labour hereditary peers
  • 42 peers to be elected by the Conservative hereditary peers
  • 3 peers to be elected by the Liberal Democrat hereditary peers
  • 28 peers to be elected by the Crossbench hereditary peers
  • 15 peers to be elected by the whole House
    • By convention, whole-House elections elect members of the same affiliation as the departed peer.[1] In some such elections there have been unsuccessful candidates of different affiliation.
  • The holders of the offices of Earl Marshal and Lord Great Chamberlain to be ex officio members.[2] The current holder of the office of Lord Great Chamberlain was previously elected to the House of Lords in a by-election.

Prior to November 2002, vacancies were automatically filled by the highest performing unsuccessful candidate in the 1999 House of Lords election that elected the departed peer.

Elections are normally required to be held within three months of a vacancy occurring,[3] but from 25 July 2024 to 24 January 2026, elections must be held within eighteen months—in practice suspending by-elections whilst the role of hereditary peers in the Lords is debated (see House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill).[4] [5]

The elections take place under the Alternative Vote system for elections to individual vacancies[6] and the Single Transferrable Vote for elections to fill multiple vacancies.[7] All those on the Register of Hereditary Peers are eligible to stand, but only sitting (the "excepted") hereditary peers of the group in question may vote for the seats reserved for a single parliamentary group. This can result in very small electorates, such as only three voters in the 2003 election of Lord Grantchester.[8][9] For the 15 peers elected by the whole House, life peers may also vote.

As of September 2023, there have been 18 by-elections[10] among Conservative peers; 19 by-elections[11] among Crossbench peers; 2 among Liberal Democrat peers; and 2 among Labour peers. In addition, there have been 14 by-elections by the whole House.

By-election results

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2003

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After the death of the Viscount of Oxfuird
Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2003[12]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13 Count 14 Count 15 Count 16 Count 17 Count 18
Conservative  YViscount Ullswater[13] 86 89 89 91 91 94 95 101 103 109 111 114 116 123 123 127 144 151
Crossbench Viscount Montgomery of Alamein 46 46 46 46 48 49 49 53 54 56 56 61 63 66 68 80 95 116
Labour Lord Grantchester 57 58 59 59 59 59 59 59 60 60 61 62 64 65 83 92 93 -
Conservative Viscount Eccles 31 32 33 34 35 37 37 41 43 44 46 47 48 53 53 55 - -
Crossbench Lord Meston 39 40 40 42 42 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 48 48 48 - - -
Labour Lord Monkswell 26 26 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 29 29 31 31 - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Clancarty[a] 10 12 12 12 12 13 14 16 17 17 17 - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Rathcavan 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Trenchard 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Weir 10 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl Cathcart 9 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Norrie 8 8 8 10 10 11 11 11 - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Brentford 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Cranbrook 5 7 7 8 8 9 9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Stockton 6 6 7 8 9 9 9 - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Effingham 6 6 6 6 6 6 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Iveagh 5 5 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord de Ramsey 4 4 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 3 4 4 5 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl Cairns 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Addison 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Birdwood 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liberal Democrats Earl of Glasgow 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Vaux of Harrowden 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 2 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord de Mauley 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Gray 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Hood 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Independent Lord Kennet 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Torrington 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Teynham 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Swinton 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Strathcarron 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Rowallan 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Poole 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Pender 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Napier of Magdala 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Morris 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Lawrence 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Kintore 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Gladwyn 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Cromer 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Birkett 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Independent Lord Ashbourne 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Others 37 others[b] 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 661   Valid: 423   Spoilt: 3   Quota: 212   Turnout: 426
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Lord Calverley, Lord Carew, Lord Chesham, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl Cowley, Lord Cromwell, Earl of Drogheda (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Moore, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Earl of Enniskillen (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Grinstead, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Gage (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gage, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Gainford, Lord Glanusk, Lord Herbert, Lord Hindlip, Lord HolmPatrick, Lord Kenilworth, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kimberley, Earl of Lauderdale, Viscount Leathers, Lord Macpherson of Drumochter, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Melville, Lord Milford, Lord Milverton, Lord Monk Bretton, Lord Newall, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Renwick, Viscount Samuel, Lord Sempill, Earl of Shannon (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Carleton, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Duke of Somerset, Lord Sudeley, Lord Terrington, and Lord Tryon
After the death of Lord Milner of Leeds
Labour hereditary peers' by-election, October 2003[14]
Candidate Count 1
 YLord Grantchester[15][13] 2
Viscount Hanworth 1
9 others[a] 0
Electorate: 3   Valid: 3   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 1   Turnout: 3
  1. ^ Lord Biddulph, Earl of Carlisle, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Lord Hacking, Lord HolmPatrick, Earl of Kimberley, Lord Monkswell, Viscount Samuel, and Lord Vaux of Harrowden

2004

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After the death of Lord Vivian:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, May 2004[16]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11
 YViscount Trenchard 8 8 8 8 9 10 12 12 14 17 24
Viscount Eccles 7 7 8 9 9 9 9 10 13 15 18
Earl Cathcart 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 10 11 13 -
Viscount Weir 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - -
Viscount Torrington 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 - - -
Lord de Mauley 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Lord Rathcavan 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - -
Lord Terrington 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - -
Lord Norrie 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - -
Lord Harlech 1 1 1 - - - - - - - -
Viscount Brentford 1 1 - - - - - - - - -
Viscount Addison 1 - - - - - - - - - -
25 others[a] 0 - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 48   Valid: 45   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 23   Turnout: 45
  1. ^ Lord Ashbourne, Lord Biddulph, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Lord Carew, Lord Chesham, Earl Cowley, Lord de Ramsey, Lord Gainford, Viscount Hood, Lord Kenilworth, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kimberley, Earl of Kinnoull, Earl of Lauderdale, Lord Margadale, Lord Milverton, Lord Morris, Lord Newall, Lord Pender, Lord Poole, Lord Rowallan, Lord Strathcarron, Lord Sudeley, and Lord Vaux of Harrowden

2005

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After the death of the Earl Russell:

Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, January 2005[17]
Candidate Count 1
 YEarl of Glasgow 4
2 others[a] 0
Electorate: 4   Valid: 4   Spoilt: 0   Quota:   Turnout: 4
  1. ^ Earl of Carlisle and Lord Kennet

After the death of Lord Burnham:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2005[18]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10
 YLord de Mauley 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 16 21
Earl Cathcart 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 10 11 13
Viscount Eccles 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 9 10 -
Viscount Torrington 2 3 4 4 4 5 7 7 - -
Earl of Stockton 4 4 4 4 5 6 7 - - -
Viscount Weir 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Lord Rathcavan 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - -
Lord de Ramsey 2 2 2 2 - - - - - -
Lord Norrie 1 1 1 - - - - - - -
Lord Margadale 1 1 - - - - - - - -
Viscount Addison 1 - - - - - - - - -
25 others[a] 0 - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 47   Valid: 42   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 21   Turnout: 42
  1. ^ Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Biddulph, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Earl Cowley, Viscount Gage, Lord Gainford, Viscount Gormanston (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Harlech, Viscount Hill, Viscount Hood, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kimberley, Earl of Kinnoull, Lord Layton, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Milverton, Lord Morris, Lord Newall, Lord Pender, Lord Poole, Lord Rowallan, Lord Sudeley, Lord Terrington, and Lord Vivian

After the death of Lord Aberdare:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2005[19]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13 Count 14 Count 15 Count 16 Count 17 Count 18 Count 19 Count 20 Count 21 Count 22 Count 23 Count 24
Conservative  YViscount Eccles 92 92 92 92 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 93 94 94 96 96 98 102 104 111 119 129 146 168
Labour Lord Monkswell 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 65 65 67
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 49 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 51 53 54 54 55 59 61
Conservative Earl Cathcart 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 34 35 36 36 38 40 41 44 -
Conservative Earl of Stockton 22 22 22 22 22 23 23 23 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 26 27 27 31 34 35 39 - -
Conservative Lord Norrie 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 25 27 27 28 31 - - -
Conservative Viscount Torrington 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 - - - -
Conservative Lord de Ramsey 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Birkett 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 12 - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Rathcavan 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Weir 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Poole 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Hood 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Margadale 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Terrington 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Tryon 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
UKIP Duke of Rutland 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Addison 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Vivian 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Rowallan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Massereene and Ferrard[a] 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Killearn 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Glanusk 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Clifford of Chudleigh 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl Alexander of Tunis 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Others 10 others[b] 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 687   Valid: 348   Spoilt: 4   Quota: 174   Turnout: 352
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Lord Gainford, Lord Harlech, Earl of Kimberley, Lord Milverton, Lord Morris, Lord Newall, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of Baroness Strange:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2005[20]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6
 YViscount Montgomery of Alamein 11 11 11 11 11 11
Earl of Effingham 4 4 5 6 7 8
Earl of Clancarty[a] 5 5 5 5 6 -
Earl of Stair 3 3 4 4 - -
Lord Gladwyn 2 3 3 - - -
Earl of Iveagh 2 2 - - - -
Lord Milford 1 - - - - -
19 others[b] 0 - - - - -
Electorate: 29   Valid: 28   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 28
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Amherst of Hackney, Lord Birdwood, Lord Birkett, Lord Carew, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl of Cromer, Lord Cromwell, Earl of Drogheda (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Moore, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Glanusk, Earl of Kimberley, Viscount Leathers, Lord Norrie, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount of Oxfuird, Duke of Rutland, Viscount Samuel, Lord Sudeley, Lord Tryon, and Lord Vernon

2007

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After the death of Lord Mowbray and Stourton:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2007[21]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7
 YEarl Cathcart 10 11 11 12 12 16 21
Viscount Younger of Leckie 12 13 13 14 15 16 17
Earl of Stockton 6 6 6 7 9 11 -
Viscount Torrington 2 4 6 6 7 - -
Lord Rathcavan 4 4 4 4 - - -
Lord de Ramsey 3 3 3 - - - -
Viscount Weir 1 2 - - - - -
Earl Alexander of Tunis 1 - - - - - -
Lord Birdwood 1 - - - - - -
Lord Chesham 1 - - - - - -
Earl of Iveagh 1 - - - - - -
Lord Margadale 1 - - - - - -
30 others[a] 0 - - - - - -
Electorate: 47   Valid: 43   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 43
  1. ^ Lord Abinger, Viscount Addison, Lord Annaly, Lord Ashbourne, Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Gainford, Viscount Gormanston (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Harlech, Viscount Hill, Viscount Hood, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kinnoull, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Lord Morris, Lord Newall, Lord Ogmore, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Pender, Lord Polwarth, Lord Poole, Lord Rowallan, Lord Seaford, Lord Sudeley, Lord Swansea, Earl of Swinton, Lord Terrington, Lord Vivian, and Earl of Woolton

2008

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After the death of the Baroness Darcy de Knayth:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2008[22]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6
 YEarl of Stair 6 6 7 9 11 14
Earl of Clancarty[a] 7 8 8 9 9 10
Lord Aberdare 4 4 4 4 5 -
Viscount Devonport 3 3 3 3 - -
Lord Cromwell 2 3 3 - - -
Lord Darcy de Knayth 2 2 - - - -
Lord Milford 1 - - - - -
Lord Terrington 1 - - - - -
25 others[b] 0 - - - - -
Electorate: 29   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 26
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Cadman, Lord Carew, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl of Cromer, Earl of Effingham, Lord Harlech, Viscount Hill, Earl of Iveagh, Earl of Kimberley, Lord Margadale, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Lord Napier of Magdala, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Poole, Lord Revelstoke, Duke of Rutland, Viscount Samuel, Earl of Shaftesbury, Earl of Stockton, Lord Sudeley, Lord Tryon, Lord Vernon, and Lord Wharton

2009

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After the death of the Viscount Bledisloe:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2009[23]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YLord Aberdare 10 12 12 12 13
Lord Sempill 2 3 5 5 5
Viscount Hood 4 4 4 4 4
Earl of Clancarty[a] 3 3 3 4 -
Lord Hacking 2 3 3 - -
Duke of Somerset 2 2 - - -
Lord Cromwell 1 - - - -
Earl of Effingham 1 - - - -
Lord Polwarth 1 - - - -
Lord Wrenbury 1 - - - -
23 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 29   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 27
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Viscount Addison, Earl of Balfour, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Lord Carew, Lord Clifford of Chudleigh, Earl of Cromer, Viscount Devonport, Lord Gainford, Viscount Hill, Earl of Kimberley, Viscount Leathers, Earl of Lonsdale, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Ogmore, Lord Robertson of Oakridge, Earl of Shaftesbury, Earl of Stockton, Lord Sudeley, Lord Tryon, and Lord Wharton

2010

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After the death of the Viscount Colville of Culross:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010[24]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YEarl of Clancarty[a] 10 10 11 12 13
Earl of Lytton 3 5 5 8 8
Viscount Hood 3 4 5 5 -
Lord Sempill 4 4 4 - -
Viscount Runciman of Doxford 2 3 - - -
Earl of Albemarle 1 - - - -
Earl Cairns 1 - - - -
Lord Cromwell 1 - - - -
Lord Hacking 1 - - - -
15 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 29   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Viscount Clancarty, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Marquess of Abergavenny, Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Earl of Cromer, Lord Darcy de Knayth, Lord Harlech, Viscount Hill, Earl of Kimberley, Viscount Leathers, Viscount Monckton of Brenchley, Lord Ogmore, Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord Sudeley, Lord Tryon, and Viscount Weir

After the death of the Earl of Northesk:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2010[25]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3
 YViscount Younger of Leckie 17 21 22
Earl of Stockton 5 7 7
Lord Ashton of Hyde 4 4 5
Lord Rathcavan 3 3 4
Lord Colgrain 2 3 3
Lord de Ramsey 2 3 3
Marquess of Abergavenny 2 2 -
Earl of Limerick[a] 2 2 -
Viscount Addison 1 - -
Lord Bethell 1 - -
Lord Birdwood 1 - -
Lord Bolton 1 - -
Viscount Gormanston[b] 1 - -
Lord Gray 1 - -
Lord Harlech 1 - -
Lord Margadale 1 - -
17 others[c] 0 - -
Electorate: 47   Valid: 45   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 45
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Biddulph, Lord Borwick, Lord Cadman, Lord Gainford, Earl of Harrowby, Viscount Hill, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kinnoull, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Poole, Lord Rowallan, Lord Sudeley, Lord Swansea, Lord Vivian, and Viscount Weir

2011

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After the death of the Lord Strabolgi:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2011[26]
Party Candidate Count 1
Labour  YViscount Hanworth 233
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 26
Conservative Lord de Ramsey 24
Crossbench Lord Hacking 24
Labour Lord Monkswell 21
Conservative Earl of Stockton 20
Conservative Earl of Harrowby 17
Crossbench Lord Cromwell 8
Conservative Earl of Limerick 7
Conservative Lord Killearn 6
Conservative Earl Alexander of Tunis 5
Conservative Lord Margadale 5
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 4
Liberal Democrats Lord Ogmore 4
Conservative Lord Rowallan 3
Conservative Viscount Addison 2
Crossbench Lord Tryon 2
Conservative Lord Birdwood 1
Crossbench Earl of Cromer 1
Conservative Lord Sudeley 1
Others 4 others[a] 0
Electorate: 769   Valid: 414   Spoilt: 2   Quota: 207   Turnout: 416
  1. ^ Lord Gainford, Viscount Hill, Lord Parmoor, and Lord Vivian

After the death of the Lord Monson:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, May 2011[27]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YEarl of Lytton 7 7 9 11 15
Duke of Somerset 6 7 9 9 9
Viscount Colville of Culross 6 6 6 7 -
Lord Cromwell 3 3 3 - -
Earl of Oxford and Asquith 2 2 - - -
Earl of Shaftesbury 2 2 - - -
Earl of Drogheda[a] 1 - - - -
7 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 28   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Moore, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Birdwood, Lord Cadman, Viscount Hill, Earl of Kimberley, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Ogmore, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of the Earl of Onslow:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2011[28]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9
 YLord Ashton of Hyde 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 21 23
Lord Borwick 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7
Lord de Ramsey 3 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5
Earl of Harrowby 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
Earl of Stockton 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4
Marquess of Abergavenny 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -
Earl of Oxford and Asquith 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - -
Earl of Onslow 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - -
Lord Rowallan 1 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Lord Rathcavan 1 1 1 1 - - - - -
Lord Margadale 1 1 1 - - - - - -
Earl of Limerick[a] 1 1 - - - - - - -
Viscount Addison 1 - - - - - - - -
8 others[b] 0 - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 47   Valid: 45   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 23   Turnout: 45
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Earl Alexander of Tunis, Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Lord Killearn, Earl of Kinnoull, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), and Lord Vivian

After the death of the Lord Ampthill:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2011[29]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13 Count 14 Count 15
Crossbench  YViscount Colville of Culross 77 77 78 78 78 78 79 79 80 80 81 88 94 101 126
Crossbench Duke of Somerset 76 76 76 76 76 78 78 78 79 80 81 86 91 98 104
Crossbench Lord Hacking 52 52 52 52 52 54 54 56 56 57 59 60 66 73 -
Conservative Earl of Stockton 28 28 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 33 33 33 38 - -
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 18 18 19 26 26 - - -
Crossbench Earl of Shaftesbury 12 13 13 13 13 14 16 16 16 17 18 - - - -
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Limerick[a] 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 9 12 - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Margadale 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Kinnoull 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Hood 5 5 5 6 6 6 - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Cromwell 4 4 4 4 5 - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Killearn 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Cadman 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Albemarle 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Biddulph 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Tryon 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Vivian 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Others 2 others[b] 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 769   Valid: 313   Spoilt: 3   Quota: 157   Turnout: 316
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Napier of Magdala and Lord Rowallan

2013

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After the death of Earl Ferrers:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2013[30]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13 Count 14
 YViscount Ridley 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 18 18 20 21 24
Viscount Hailsham[a] 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 11
Earl of Harrowby 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 8
Lord de Ramsey 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 6 -
Marquess of Abergavenny 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 - -
Earl of Stockton 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 - - -
Lord Borwick 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - -
Earl of Oxford and Asquith 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - -
Lord Windlesham 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - -
Lord Vivian 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - -
Lord Swansea 1 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - -
Lord Monson 1 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - -
Lord Margadale 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - -
Lord Darling 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam[b] 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Lord Ampthill 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
11 others[c] 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 48   Valid: 46   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 23   Turnout: 46
  1. ^ Created Baron Hailsham of Kettlethorpe for Life in 2015
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, Earl of Cromer, Viscount Gormanston (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Gormanston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Harlech, Lord Killearn, Earl of Onslow, Lord Parmoor, Lord Rowallan, Lord Somerleyton, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of the Lord Reay:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2013[31]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13 Count 14 Count 15 Count 16 Count 17
Conservative  YLord Borwick 104 105 105 106 106 107 109 109 109 110 112 113 114 117 120 135 160
Conservative Viscount Hailsham[a] 104 104 105 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 107 107 108 112 113 117 129
Conservative Earl of Stockton 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 36 38 39 41 42 44 56 61 -
Conservative Earl of Harrowby 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 24 24 26 26 27 29 31 - -
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 17 17 17 17 17 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 - - -
Conservative Lord Swansea 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 11 13 - - - -
Conservative Lord Ampthill 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 10 - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Napier and Ettrick 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Margadale 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Windlesham 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Rowallan 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Onslow 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - -
UKIP Viscount Massereene and Ferrard[b] 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Liberal Democrats Earl of Carlisle 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Albemarle 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Hemphill 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Biddulph 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Cadman 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Harlech 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Others 4 others[c] 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 753   Valid: 334   Spoilt: 2   Quota: 167   Turnout: 336
  1. ^ Created Baron Hailsham of Kettlethorpe for Life in 2015
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Lord Fisher, Lord Morris, Lord Ogmore, and Lord Sudeley

2014

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After the death of the Lord Moran:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, April 2014[32]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YLord Cromwell 9 10 10 12 13
Lord Russell of Liverpool 7 7 7 9 12
Lord Sempill 4 4 5 5 -
Lord Aldington 4 4 5 - -
Lord Thurlow 2 2 - - -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 1 - - - -
7 others[a] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 29   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27
  1. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Darling, Lord Hacking, Lord Harlech, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Monson, and Earl Temple of Stowe

After the death of the Lord Methuen:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), October 2014[33]
Party Candidate Count 1
Liberal Democrats  YEarl of Oxford and Asquith 155
Crossbench Lord Napier and Ettrick 35
Conservative Earl of Stockton 31
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 29
Conservative Lord Margadale 13
Crossbench Viscount Massereene and Ferrard[a] 6
Crossbench Lord Somerleyton 6
Conservative Lord Harlech 4
Crossbench Lord Calverley 1
Conservative Lord Layton 1
Conservative Lord Middleton 1
Conservative Lord Sudeley 1
Others 3 others[b] 0
Electorate: 776   Valid: 283   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 142   Turnout: 283
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, and Lord Rowallan

After the death of the Viscount Allenby of Megiddo:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014[34]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YLord Russell of Liverpool 7 8 10 10 13
Duke of Somerset 4 4 4 5 5
Lord Thurlow 4 4 4 5 5
Lord Napier and Ettrick 3 3 3 4 -
Earl of Kinnoull 3 3 3 - -
Viscount Hood 3 3 - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam[a] 1 - - - -
11 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 27   Valid: 25   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 25
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Aldington, Lord Cadman, Lord Calverley, Lord Darling, Lord Grantley, Lord Harlech, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sempill, and Lord Sudeley

After the retirement of the Lord Cobbold:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, December 2014[34]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YDuke of Somerset 6 7 8 8 12
Lord Thurlow 8 8 9 10 11
Earl of Kinnoull 4 4 4 5 -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 3 3 3 - -
Viscount Hood 3 3 - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam[a] 1 - - - -
11 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 27   Valid: 25   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 25
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Aldington, Lord Cadman, Lord Calverley, Lord Darling, Lord Grantley, Lord Harlech, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sempill, and Lord Sudeley

2015

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After the retirement of the Lord Chorley:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015[35]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6
 YLord Thurlow 8 9 9 9 10 13
Viscount Hood 4 4 4 4 4 4
Lord Napier and Ettrick 3 3 3 3 3 3
Earl of Cork and Orrery[a] 2 2 3 3 3 3
Lord Sempill 2 2 2 3 3 3
Lord Aldington 2 2 2 2 3 -
Earl of Kinnoull 2 2 2 2 - -
Lord Hemphill 1 1 1 - - -
Earl of Clanwilliam[b] 1 1 - - - -
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 1 - - - - -
8 others[c] 0 - - - - -
Electorate: 28   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Hampton, Duke of Marlborough, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sudeley, and Lord Tryon

After the retirement of the Lady Saltoun of Abernethy:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, February 2015[35]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6
 YEarl of Kinnoull 9 9 10 10 11 12
Viscount Hood 4 4 4 4 4 5
Lord Sempill 2 3 3 3 4 4
Lord Napier and Ettrick 3 3 3 3 3 3
Earl of Cork and Orrery[a] 2 2 2 3 3 -
Lord Aldington 2 2 2 2 - -
Earl of Clanwilliam[b] 1 1 1 - - -
Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 1 1 - - - -
Lord Hemphill 1 - - - - -
8 others[c] 0 - - - - -
Electorate: 28   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Clanwilliam, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Hampton, Duke of Marlborough, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sudeley, and Lord Tryon

After the retirement of the Viscount Tenby:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2015[36]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6
 YLord Mountevans 9 9 9 9 9 10
Lord Aldington 3 4 5 5 5 5
Viscount Hood 3 3 4 5 5 5
Lord Sempill 3 3 3 3 4 -
Earl of Albemarle 2 2 2 2 - -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 2 2 2 - - -
Lord Darling 2 2 - - - -
Lord Trevethin and Oaksey 1 - - - - -
11 others[a] 0 - - - - -
Electorate: 28   Valid: 25   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 25
  1. ^ Lord Cadman, Lord Cawley, Earl of Cork and Orrery (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Hampton, Lord Harlech, Lord Kilmarnock, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Rathcavan, Duke of Rutland, and Lord Sudeley

After the retirement of the Lord Luke:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, September 2015[37]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YDuke of Wellington 18 18 18 19 21
Marquess of Abergavenny 6 6 6 6 6
Earl of Harrowby 5 6 6 6 6
Earl Ferrers 3 3 4 4 5
Earl of Limerick[a] 3 3 3 3 3
Lord Windlesham 3 3 3 3 -
Earl of Stockton 1 1 1 - -
Lord Swansea 1 1 - - -
Lord Middleton 1 - - - -
7 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 48   Valid: 41   Quota: 21   Turnout: 41
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Ampthill, Lord Biddulph, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Rathcavan, Lord Rowallan, and Lord Sudeley

After the retirement of the Viscount Montgomery of Alamein:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2015[38]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YLord Trevethin and Oaksey 10 11 11 11 12
Lord Aldington 6 6 6 6 7
Earl of Cork and Orrery[a] 3 3 3 3 3
Lord Napier and Ettrick 3 3 3 3 -
Viscount Hood 2 2 2 - -
Lord Vaux of Harrowden 1 1 - - -
Lord Clifford of Chudleigh 1 - - - -
10 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 29   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Harlech, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Monson, Duke of Rutland, Lord Southampton, and Lord Sudeley

After the death of the Lord Montagu of Beaulieu:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, November 2015[39]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10
 YLord Fairfax of Cameron 9 10 10 10 10 13 15 16 21 27
Earl of Harrowby 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 12 12 14
Lord Windlesham 7 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 10 -
Lord Colgrain 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 - -
Lord de Ramsey 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 - - -
Marquess of Abergavenny 3 3 4 4 4 4 - - - -
Earl of Limerick[a] 3 3 3 3 4 - - - - -
Earl of Stockton 2 2 2 2 - - - - - -
Lord Ashcombe 1 1 1 - - - - - - -
Earl Ferrers 1 1 - - - - - - - -
Lord Middleton 1 - - - - - - - - -
3 others[b] 0 - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 48   Valid: 44   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 44
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, and Lord Swansea

2016

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After the death of the Lord Avebury:

Liberal Democrat hereditary peers' by-election, April 2016[40]
Candidate Count 1
 YViscount Thurso 3
6 others[a] 0
Electorate: 3   Valid: 3   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 2   Turnout: 3
  1. ^ Lord Calverley, Earl of Carlisle, Lord Kennet, Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, Earl Russell, and Lord Somerleyton

After the removal for non-attendance of the Lord Bridges:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2016[41]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7
 YEarl of Cork and Orrery[a] 12 12 12 12 12 13 15
Lord Vaux of Harrowden 5 5 5 5 7 8 8
Viscount Hood 2 3 4 5 5 6 -
Lord Hemphill 3 3 3 3 3 - -
Lord Aldington 2 2 2 2 - - -
Earl of Albemarle 1 1 1 - - - -
Earl of Limerick[b] 1 1 - - - - -
Lord Napier and Ettrick 1 - - - - - -
9 others[c] 0 - - - - - -
Electorate: 31   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Boyle of Marston, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Lord Cadman, Lord Darling, Lord Hankey, Viscount Massereene and Ferrard (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Oriel, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Oranmore and Browne (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Powerscourt (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Duke of Rutland, Lord Somerleyton, and Lord Southampton

2017

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After the death of the Lord Lyell:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), March 2017[42]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13 Count 14 Count 15 Count 16 Count 17 Count 18 Count 19 Count 20 Count 21 Count 22 Count 23 Count 24 Count 25
Conservative  YLord Colgrain 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 105 105 105 108 108 108 109 109 109 111 111 113 115 118 118 126 137 143
Conservative Lord Bethell 54 54 54 55 55 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 57 59 60 62 62 64 68 70 76 82 90 108
Conservative Earl of Stockton 34 34 34 34 34 34 35 35 37 38 38 39 39 41 41 42 43 44 45 46 49 58 59 62 -
Conservative Marquess of Abergavenny 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 30 31 32 35 36 37 38 - -
Conservative Earl of Harrowby 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 19 20 23 23 - - -
Liberal Democrats Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 15 23 23 23 23 - - - -
Conservative Lord Windlesham 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 18 - - - - -
Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 16 16 - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Darling 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 14 14 14 - - - - - - -
Liberal Democrats Lord Kennet 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 12 12 12 13 14 14 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Strathcarron 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Viscount Powerscourt[a] 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Mostyn 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Limerick[b] 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Swansea 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Liberal Democrats Lord Harlech 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Macpherson of Drumochter 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Earl Alexander of Tunis 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Viscount Hood 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Addison 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Mountgarret[c] 2 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Biddulph 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Independent Lord Gainford 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Hampton 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Somerleyton 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Hankey 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Cadman 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 803   Valid: 346   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 173   Turnout: 346
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland

After the retirement of the Lord Walpole:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2017[43]
Candidate Count 1
 YLord Vaux of Harrowden 16
Lord Aldington 4
Lord Mostyn 4
Lord Darling 1
Lord Hemphill 1
Viscount Powerscourt[a] 1
3 others[b] 0
Electorate: 31   Valid: 27   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 27
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Cadman, Lord Hayter, and Lord Somerleyton
  • Viscount Hill originally announced his candidacy but later withdrew.

2018

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After the retirement of the Earl Baldwin of Bewdley:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018[44]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6
 YEarl of Devon 7 8 9 10 10 12
Lord Ravensdale 4 4 5 5 5 5
Lord Aldington 4 4 4 4 4 4
Earl of Eldon 2 2 2 2 3 3
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon 2 2 2 2 2 -
Viscount Hood 2 2 2 2 - -
Lord Bridges 2 2 2 - - -
Earl of Carnarvon 2 2 - - - -
Lord Meston 1 - - - - -
9 others[a] 0 - - - - -
Electorate: 31   Valid: 26   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13   Turnout: 26
  1. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Earl of Effingham, Lord Glenconner, Lord Hankey, Lord Monson, Lord Mostyn, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Powerscourt (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), and Lord Wigram

After the retirement of the Lord Glentoran:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2018[46]
Candidate Count 1
 YLord Bethell 26
Marquess of Abergavenny 6
Earl De La Warr 4
Lord Ashcombe 2
Lord Napier and Ettrick 2
Lord Reay 1
Earl of Stockton 1
Lord Windlesham 1
3 others[a] 0
Electorate: 47   Valid: 43   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 22   Turnout: 43
  1. ^ Lord Biddulph, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Rowallan

After the retirement of the Lord Northbourne:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, November 2018[47]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YLord Carrington 11 11 11 12 14
Lord Ravensdale 8 8 9 9 9
Earl of Eldon 3 4 4 4 5
Lord Meston 2 2 2 3 -
Lord Aldington 2 2 2 - -
Duke of Hamilton and Brandon 2 2 - - -
Viscount Powerscourt[a] 1 - - - -
4 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 31   Valid: 29   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 15   Turnout: 29
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Bridges, Earl of Limerick (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), and Lord Southampton

2019

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After the death of the Lord Skelmersdale:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), January 2019[48]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11
Conservative  YLord Reay 73 73 73 73 74 78 78 81 87 94 110
Conservative Earl of Leicester 46 46 46 46 47 52 53 58 62 74 93
Conservative Lord Strathcarron 32 32 32 33 37 39 39 41 44 49 -
Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 24 24 24 24 25 28 32 36 39 - -
Conservative Earl of Carnarvon 20 20 20 22 23 24 24 25 - - -
Conservative Earl of Stockton 18 18 18 18 19 19 21 - - - -
Crossbench Lord Hampton 10 11 15 16 17 17 - - - - -
Conservative Lord Ashcombe 13 13 13 13 15 - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Windlesham 12 12 12 12 - - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Effingham 5 5 5 - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Viscount Powerscourt[a] 4 5 - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Mountgarret[b] 1 - - - - - - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Oranmore and Browne[c] 1 - - - - - - - - - -
Others 3 others[d] 0 - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 785   Valid: 259   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 130   Turnout: 259 (33%)
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  3. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mereworth, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  4. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Cadman, and Lord Southampton

After the death of the Viscount Slim:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, March 2019[49]
Candidate Count 1
 YLord Ravensdale 18
Lord Meston 4
Earl of Albemarle 1
Lord Aldington 1
Lord de Ramsey 1
Lord Dormer 1
Lord Glenconner 1
Lord Hankey 1
6 others[a] 0
Electorate: 31   Valid: 28   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 14   Turnout: 28
  1. ^ Earl of Effingham, Lord Hampton, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Viscount Powerscourt (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Powerscourt, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Southampton, and Lord Spens

2021

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Normally, by-elections must be held within three months of a vacancy occurring,[3] but in response to the COVID-19 pandemic the House resolved in March 2020 to suspend any by-elections. Although this initial suspension was only until 8 September 2020, successive further motions extended this arrangement.[50][51][52][53] Ultimately by-elections resumed in June 2021 with multiple elections held to fill six vacancies.[54]

After the retirements of the Earl of Selborne and the Lord Denham, and the removal for non-attendance of the Lord Selsdon:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2021[55]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8
 YLord Sandhurst 10 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
 YEarl of Leicester 7 7.3 8.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3
 YLord Altrincham 6 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.3 7.6 7.6 9.6
Lord Harlech 4 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 5.1 7.1 7.1
Marquess of Abergavenny 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 -
Earl De La Warr 2 2 2 2 2 2 - -
Lord Strathcarron 1 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 - - -
Lord Windlesham 1 1 1 1 - - - -
Lord Ashcombe 1 1 1 - - - - -
Earl of Carnarvon 1 1 - - - - - -
11 others[a] 0 - - - - - - -
Electorate: 43   Valid: 36   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 9   Turnout: 36
  1. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Dormer, Earl of Dundonald, Lord Elibank, Earl of Limerick (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Margadale, Viscount Mountgarret (eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Napier and Ettrick, Lord Rowallan, Earl of Stockton, and Lord Wrottesley

After the retirement of the Countess of Mar:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), June 2021[56]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7
Crossbench  YLord Londesborough 114 116 116 116 121 129 147
Crossbench Lord Meston 66 66 66 67 70 75 80
Crossbench Lord Chorley 32 33 34 35 37 46 50
Crossbench Lord de Clifford 27 30 32 34 35 38 -
Crossbench Lord Hampton 31 31 31 32 34 - -
Crossbench Lord Somerleyton 18 19 20 20 - - -
Crossbench Earl of Albemarle 13 13 14 - - - -
Crossbench Lord Birkett 8 8 - - - - -
Crossbench Lord Milverton 6 - - - - - -
Crossbench Earl of Effingham 2 - - - - - -
Electorate: 786   Valid: 317   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 159   Turnout: 317

After the death of the Lord Rea:

Labour hereditary peers' by-election, July 2021[57]
Candidate Count 1
 YViscount Stansgate unopposed

After the retirement of the Lord Elton:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), July 2021[58]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11
Conservative  YLord Harlech 67 67 67 68 69 70 71 73 77 84 100
Conservative Lord Strathcarron 46 47 47 47 47 49 49 50 51 61 69
Conservative Earl of Stockton 31 31 31 32 33 37 38 41 47 59 -
Conservative Earl of Carnarvon 13 14 14 14 17 17 18 21 24 - -
Conservative Earl De La Warr 15 15 15 15 15 15 19 22 22 - -
Conservative Earl of Limerick[a] 12 12 13 13 14 15 18 19 - - -
Conservative Lord Margadale 14 14 15 15 15 15 17 - - - -
Conservative Lord de Ramsey 11 11 11 11 12 14 - - - - -
Conservative Lord Windlesham 10 10 10 11 12 - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 7 7 8 9 - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Dormer 5 5 5 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Elibank 4 4 - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Mountgarret[b] 2 - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: over 750   Valid: 237   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 119   Turnout: 237
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland

After the death of the Viscount Simon:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), November 2021[59]
Party Candidate Count 1
Labour  YLord Hacking 159
Labour Lord Kennet 82
Conservative Lord Biddulph 23
Electorate: 783   Valid: 264   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 132   Turnout: 264

2022

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After the retirement of the Viscount Ridley:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2022[60]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2
 YLord Strathcarron 17 18
Viscount Camrose 6 6
Lord Ashcombe 5 5
Earl of Limerick[a] 3 4
Earl De La Warr 3 3
Viscount Monckton of Brenchley 1 -
Lord Windlesham 1 -
3 others[b] 0 -
Electorate: 45   Valid: 36   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 18   Turnout: 36
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Biddulph, Lord Dormer, and Earl of Dudley

After the retirement of the Lord Rotherwick:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2022[61]
Candidate Count 1
 YViscount Camrose 20
Lord Ashcombe 12
Earl of Limerick[a] 3
Lord Napier and Ettrick 1
Lord Windlesham 1
4 others[b] 0
Electorate: 46   Valid: 37   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 19   Turnout: 37
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Baillieu, Lord Biddulph, Lord Ironside, and Lord Rowallan

After the retirement of the Lord Brabazon of Tara, and the death of the Lord Swinfen:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2022[62]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5
 YLord Remnant 22 13.67 13.67 13.67 13.67
 YLord Wrottesley 5 7.59 7.59 8.59 12.33
Lord Ashcombe 7 9.96 9.96 9.96 12.07
Earl of Limerick[a] 1 2.85 2.85 2.85 -
Lord Ashbourne 2 2.37 2.37 2.37 -
Earl of Balfour 1 1.37 1.37 1.37 -
Lord Dormer 1 1 1 1 -
Lord Windlesham 1 1 1 1 -
Lord Elibank 1 1 1 - -
3 others[b] 0 - - - -
Electorate: 45   Valid: 41   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 13.66   Turnout: 41
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Baillieu, Lord Biddulph, and Earl of Dudley

After the retirements of the Viscount Ullswater, and the Lord Colwyn:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), October 2022[63]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13 Count 14 Count 15 Count 16 Count 17
Conservative  YLord Roborough 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 45 46 58
Conservative  YEarl of Minto 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 32 34 35 38 42 44 51
Conservative Lord Hazlerigg 21 21 21 22 22 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 25 27 29 32 36
Conservative Lord Ashcombe 18 18 18 18 18 19 19 19 21 21 21 21 21 22 26 28 -
Conservative Lord Windlesham 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 17 18 21 22 22 - -
Conservative Earl of Effingham 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 21 - - -
Conservative Lord Rossmore 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 16 16 17 - - - -
Conservative Lord Baillieu 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 12 - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Balfour 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 - - - - - -
Conservative Earl of Limerick[a] 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 - - - - - - -
Conservative Marquess of Bristol 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Marquess of Abergavenny 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - -
Independent Earl of Dudley 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Ashbourne 3 3 3 3 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Rowallan 2 2 2 2 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Dormer 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Ironside 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Elibank 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Others 2 others[b] 0 - - - - - - - - - -
Electorate: 757   Valid: 190   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 48.3   Turnout: 190
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Earl of Eglinton and Winton and Lord Glendyne

After the retirement of the Earl of Listowel:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022[64]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2
 YLord Hampton 9 11
Lord Meston 7 10
Viscount Norwich 2 -
Viscount Rochdale 2 -
Lord de Clifford 1 -
Lord Walpole 1 -
4 others[a] 0 -
Electorate: 30   Valid: 22   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 11   Turnout: 22
  1. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Lord Braybrooke, Earl of Dudley, and Lord Monson

After the retirement of the Lord Astor of Hever, and the death of the Earl of Home:

Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022[65]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6
 YEarl of Effingham 6 8 9 9 15 12
 YLord Ashcombe 10 10 10 10 11 14
Lord Hazlerigg 8 8 8 9 10 10
Marquess of Abergavenny 4 4 4 5 - -
Marquess of Bristol 3 3 4 4 - -
Earl of Limerick[a] 2 2 2 - - -
Earl of Eglinton and Winton 2 2 - - - -
Lord Rossmore 1 - - - - -
Lord Windlesham 1 - - - - -
11 others[b] 0 - - - - -
Electorate: 41   Valid: 37   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 12   Turnout: 37
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Foxford, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland
  2. ^ Lord Ashbourne, Lord Baillieu, Earl of Balfour, Lord Biddulph, Lord Dormer, Earl of Dudley, Lord Elibank, Lord Glendyne, Lord Ironside, Lord Napier and Ettrick, and Lord Rowallan

2023

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After the retirement of the Viscount Falkland:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), June 2023[66]
Party Candidate Count 1
Liberal Democrats  YEarl Russell 123
Liberal Democrats Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor 55
Liberal Democrats Lord Belhaven and Stenton 34
Electorate: over 750   Valid: 212   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 106   Turnout: 212

After the death of the Lord Palmer and the retirement of the Lord Hylton:

Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, September 2023[7]
Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3
 YLord Meston 11 7.67 7.67
 YLord de Clifford 5 6.5 9.5
Lord Chorley 4 4.9 4.9
Viscount Rochdale 0 0.6 0.6
Lord Braybrooke 2 2.3 0.3
Lord Aldington 1 1 -
7 others[a] 0 - -
Electorate: 32   Valid: 23   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 7.67   Turnout: 23
  1. ^ Earl of Albemarle, Earl of Carnarvon, Earl Erne (Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Fermanagh, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland), Lord Sempill, Lord Somerleyton, Lord Southampton, Lord Walpole

After the death of the Lord Brougham and Vaux:

Hereditary peers' by-election (whole House eligible to vote), November 2023[67]
Party Candidate Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9
Conservative  YLord Camoys 97 97 97 97 99 102 104 117 133
Conservative Marquess of Bristol 39 39 39 40 40 41 42 46 52
Conservative Lord Hamilton of Dalzell 34 34 34 35 35 37 37 45 51
Conservative Lord Rossmore 37 37 37 37 38 38 38 43 -
Conservative Lord Hazlerigg 13 13 13 14 14 15 16 - -
Conservative Earl of Eglinton and Winton 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 - -
Conservative Lord Annaly 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 - -
Conservative Lord Baillieu 6 7 7 7 7 7 - - -
Conservative Viscount Falmouth 6 6 6 6 7 - - - -
Conservative Lord Windlesham 4 4 5 5 - - - - -
Conservative Viscount Mountgarret[a] 3 3 3 - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Ashbourne 3 3 - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Elibank 1 - - - - - - - -
Conservative Lord Napier and Ettrick 1 - - - - - - - -
Electorate: over 750   Valid: 259   Spoilt: 0   Quota: 130   Turnout: 259
  1. ^ Eligible to stand by virtue of his junior title, Baron Mountgarret, as his senior title is in the Peerage of Ireland

Current vacancies

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The Earl of Sandwich, one of the 28 elected crossbench hereditary peers, retired from the House on 20 May 2024.[68]

The Lord Willoughby de Broke, a non-affiliated peer who was originally elected as one of the 42 Conservative hereditary peers, ceased to be a member of the House on 9 July 2024 due to non-attendance.[69]

Ordinarily, by-elections to fill vancancies would have been required within three months. However, on 25 July 2024, and in anticipation of imminent legislative debates on the abolition of the right of Hereditary Peers to sit in the Lords (see proposed abolition below), and reflecting views that "ongoing by-elections during the parliamentary consideration of a Bill would be deeply undesirable in this context", the House of Lords passed a motion to extend the deadline for holding a by-election to 18 months.[4]

Proposed abolition

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See also: Reform of the House of Lords and House of Lords Act 1999 § Subsequent reform proposals

In six parliamentary sessions between the years 2016 and 2024, Labour peer Lord Grocott sponsored a private member's bill to abolish by-elections, this would have resulted in vacancies not being filled and the number of hereditary peers in the House of Lords diminishing over time.[70] Labour MP John Spellar sponsored a similar private member's bill in three parliamentary sessions between the years 2021 and 2024.[71]

In September 2024 the newly-elected Labour government introduced the House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill. If enacted this would remove the right of the remaining hereditary peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords.[72]

Historical by-elections of Scottish and Irish representative peers

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See also: List of elections of Scottish representative peers and List of Irish representative peers

From the 1707 Act of Union to the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, peers in the Peerage of Scotland elected sixteen representative peers to sit in the House of Lords. Unlike Irish peers, however, Scottish representative peers only sat for the duration of one parliament before facing re-election. By-elections were held in the Palace of Holyroodhouse to replace deceased peers. After the passing of the Peerage Act 1963, all Scottish peers were entitled to sit in the House of Lords and the election procedure was abolished.

The last Scottish representative peer by-election took place in 1959, when the Duke of Atholl was elected in place of the late Lord Sinclair.

Also, from the 1801 Act of Union to Irish independence, 28 Irish representative peers were elected from and by the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords.[73] Like current hereditary peers, these representative peers sat for life terms and deceased peers were replaced in by-elections. Unlike modern hereditary peer by-elections, all peers in the Peerage of Ireland, even those who did not sit in the House of Lords, were entitled to vote. Upon the creation of the Irish Free State, the offices required to officiate these by-elections were abolished and thus no more were held, but those peers already elected kept their seats for the remainder of their lives. The last to sit in the Lords was Francis Needham, 4th Earl of Kilmorey, who died in 1961.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ For example:
    • "By-elections to replace six hereditary peers" (PDF). parliament.uk. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2023. Under the terms of an informal agreement amongst the parties and groups in the House of Lords, it is expected that this vacancy will be filled by an hereditary peer who will sit as a crossbench member of the House
    • Lord True (10 November 2021). "Hereditary Peers: By-elections". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Lords. col. 1703. Yes, there is a by-election today. I have voted in it and, in accordance with the Carter convention, I voted for a Labour Peer. I have kept to the agreements made in 1999.
  2. ^ "Hansard, Vol 604 No 126 Cols 1290-1292". Publications.parliament.uk. 26 July 1999. Retrieved 19 May 2008.
  3. ^ a b "By-Elections in the House of Lords". Parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 November 2012. The by-election must take place within three months of any vacancy occurring.
  4. ^ a b "Minutes of Proceedings for 25 July 2024: Business of the House". House of Lords. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  5. ^ Baroness Smith of Basildon, Lord Privy Seal (25 July 2024). "Motion on Standing Orders". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). United Kingdom: House of Lords. col. 624. This is a temporary measure that recognises that the House will in the near future debate in more detail the wider issue of hereditary membership of your Lordships' House.
  6. ^ Pownall, Michael (6 November 2010). "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-election" (PDF). House of Lords. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2010.
  7. ^ a b "Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, September 2023:result" (PDF). Parliament.uk. 20 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  8. ^ "By-election in the House of Lords - News from Parliament - UK Parliament". Parliament.uk. Retrieved 31 December 2016.
  9. ^ "Register of Hereditary Peers who wish to stand for election as members of the House of Lords under Standing Order 10 (Hereditary peers: by-elections) as at 25 May 2010" (PDF). 25 May 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2011.
  10. ^ Including a single vote in June 2021 which filled three vacant seats, and two votes in July 2022 and October 2022 which filled two vacant seats each.
  11. ^ Including a single vote in September 2023 which filled two vacant seats.
  12. ^ "United Kingdom Election Results - House of Lords Act: Hereditary Peers By-Election, March 2003". Election.demon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 15 May 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
  13. ^ a b "Results of Labour hereditary peers by-election". House of Lords. London. October 2003. Archived from the original on 14 May 2010.
  14. ^ "United Kingdom Election Results - House of Lords Act: Hereditary Peers Elections (scroll down page to section headed 'Labour')". Election.demon.co.uk. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2011.
  15. ^ "Three elect peer in Lords byelection". The Guardian. London. Press Association. 30 October 2003. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  16. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2004" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  17. ^ "Liberal Democrat Hereditary Peers' By-Election, January 2005" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  18. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2005" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  19. ^ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2005" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  20. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2005" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  21. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2007" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  22. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2008" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  23. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2009" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  24. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2010" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  25. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2010" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
  26. ^ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2011" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
  27. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, May 2011" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 11 May 2011.
  28. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2011" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  29. ^ "Whole House by-election July 2011" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  30. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, February 2013" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  31. ^ "Whole House by-election July 2013" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  32. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, April 2014" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  33. ^ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2014" (PDF). Parliament.uk.
  34. ^ a b "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, December 2014" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  35. ^ a b "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, February 2015" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  36. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2015" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  37. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, September 2015" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  38. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, October 2015" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2015.
  39. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, November 2015" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  40. ^ "Liberal Democrat Hereditary Peers' By-Election, April 2016" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  41. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2016" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 August 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  42. ^ "Whole House by-election, March 2017" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 28 March 2017.
  43. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2017" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  44. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2018" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  45. ^ Elgot, Jessica (4 July 2018). "Earl of Devon elected to the Lords in a poll of his hereditary peers". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  46. ^ "Conservative Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2018" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
  47. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, November 2018" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 28 November 2018.
  48. ^ "Whole House by-election, January 2019" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  49. ^ "Crossbench Hereditary Peers' By-Election, March 2019" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
  50. ^ "Business of the House Motions". UK Parliament. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  51. ^ "House of Lords Business – General motion". UK Parliament. 7 September 2020. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  52. ^ "House of Lords Business – General motion". UK Parliament. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  53. ^ "House of Lords Business – General motion". UK Parliament. 22 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
  54. ^ "Resumption of hereditary peers' by-elections". House of Lords. 26 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  55. ^ "Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, June 2021" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  56. ^ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, June 2021" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 17 June 2021.
  57. ^ "Labour Hereditary Peers' By-Election, July 2021" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  58. ^ "Hereditary peers' by-election, July 2021" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  59. ^ "Hereditary Peers' By-Election, November 2021" (PDF). Parliament.uk.
  60. ^ "Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, February 2022" (PDF). Parliament.uk.
  61. ^ "Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, March 2022: result" (PDF). parliament.uk. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  62. ^ "Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, July 2022" (PDF). Parliament.uk. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  63. ^ "Hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022: result" (PDF). Retrieved 19 October 2022.
  64. ^ "Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022: result" (PDF). Parliament.uk. 20 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  65. ^ "Conservative hereditary peers' by-election, October 2022" (PDF). Parliament.uk.
  66. ^ "Hereditary peers' by-election, June 2023: result" (PDF). Parliament.uk.
  67. ^ "Hereditary peers' by-election, November 2023: result" (PDF). Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  68. ^ "The Earl of Sandwich". UK Parliament. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  69. ^ "Lord Willoughby de Broke". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  70. ^ "Parliamentary Bills (Lord Grocott)". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  71. ^ "Parliamentary Bills (Lord Spellar)". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  72. ^ "The King's Speech 2024". Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street. 17 July 2024. Retrieved 26 July 2024. Measures to modernise the constitution will be introduced including House of Lords reform to remove the right of hereditary peers to sit and vote in the Lords [House of Lords (Hereditary Peers) Bill].
  73. ^ "About". Act of Union. Queen's University Belfast. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
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