Bussorah Merchant (1818 ship)

History
United Kingdom
Name	Bussorah Merchant
Namesake	Bussorah (Basra)
Owner	W. Bruce & Co.
Builder	J. Thomas, Howrah, Calcutta
Launched	16 September 1818
Fate	Last listed 1865
General characteristics
Tons burthen	488, or 531 (bm)
Length	114 ft 10 in (35.0 m)
Beam	31 ft 11 in (9.7 m)
Propulsion	Sail

Bussorah Merchant was a merchant ship built at Calcutta in 1818. She made three voyages transporting convicts from England and Ireland to Australia and later carried emigrants and other passengers to Australia.

Design

Bussorah Merchant was built in 1818 at Calcutta, from teak and had three masts. She was coppered in 1822 and had her copper repaired in 1825.^[2] She was felted and doubled in 1833, had repairs to topsides and decks in 1846, and was sheathed with yellow metal in 1849. Later repairs were undertaken in 1852, when she was again sheathed with yellow metal, fastened with iron bolts.

Career

Bussorah Merchant was listed on the Calcutta registry in 1819 with Syed Saddock, owner.^[3] In 1824 her owner was Shaik G. Houssain.^[4]

Bussorah Merchant made one trip to Bengal for the British East India Company. Captain Francis Goddard Stewart left the City Canal on 24 May 1825 and on 20 June was at the Lower Hope (Reach 10 on the Thames River). She reached Madeira on 10 July, reached Kedgeree on 14 November, and arrived at Calcutta on 21 November.<^[5] On this voyage she was carrying a detachment of the 38th Regiment of Foot. On 6 November there was a court martial at Fort William, of Lieutenant Francis Bernard of that regiment for insubordination during the journey towards Captain Greene, commanding officer of the regiment. The court martial found Bernard guilty of most of the charges and sentenced him to be reprimanded, and to the loss of two years rank in the Army and to be placed at the bottom of the list of lieutenants in his regiment.^[6] On 26 January 1826 Bussorah Merchant left for England, stopping at Madras, which she left on 23 March. On 23 April, an altercation broke out between Lieutenant Edward Kenny of the 89th Regiment of Foot and Mr. Robert Charlton, the ship's surgeon. The altercation resulted in Lieutenant Kenny shooting and killing Mr. Charlton. Bussorah Merchant arrived at London on 9 July. There Lieutenant Kenny was tried at the Old Bailey on 25 October. The court found Lieutenant Kenny guilty of manslaughter and fined him £10.^[7]

Bussorah Merchant transferred her registry to Great Britain and first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in the volume for 1826.^[2]

Year	Master	Owner	Trade	Source
1826	F.Steward	C.Stewart	London–Calcutta	LR

On her first convict voyage, under the command of James Baigrie and surgeon Robert Dunn, Bussorah Merchant departed London on 27 March 1828 and arrived in Sydney on 26 July.^[8] She had embarked 170 (or 172) male convicts, of whom four died en route.^[9] The ship was quarantined upon arrival at Spring Cove (near Manly). This was the first time this location was used for quarantine purposes.^[10] This was not the first time a ship was quarantined in Australia, that had occurred 10 years earlier. The area of Jeffrey Street in Kirribilli was the first site in Australia to be used for quarantine purposes in 1814 with the Surry.^[11]

On her second convict voyage, under the command of George Johnston and surgeon William Henderson, she departed The Downs on 6 October 1829 and arrived in Hobart on 18 January 1830.^[12] She embarked 200 male convicts and had two deaths en route.^[13]

On her third convict voyage, under the command of John Moncrief and surgeon James Gilbert, she departed Dublin on 16 August 1831, and arrived in Sydney on 14 December.^[14] She embarked 198 male convicts; there were no convict deaths en route.^[15]

She later plied the London-Australian route for Duncan Dunbar and Company.

On 13 April 1833 she left London on the first London Emigration Committee voyage to Australia arriving in Sydney on 11 August 1833.^[16]

She left Cork 27 August 1837 with free migrant families and arrived at Hobart 11 December 1837. Sixty-two people died on the voyage and she was quarantined until January 1838. The Maritime Museum of Tasmania cites Bussorah Merchant's voyage from Ireland to Hobart in 1837 as an example of ignorance of good hygiene. On that voyage four women and 64 out of 133 children died, most of measles and smallpox.^[17]

On her subsequent voyage Bussorah Merchant left Bristol 15 April 1839 with 236 emigrants to Australia, 84 of them children, of whom only two died during the voyage. She arrived at Port Jackson 3 September 1839.^[18]

On 13 September 1844 Bussorah Merchant ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent. She was on a voyage from Bombay to London. She was refloated and resumed her voyage.^[19]

On 2 February 1845 Bussorah Merchant left England with Bishop Epalle, Vicar Apostolic of Melanesia and Micronesia. He brought with him seven priests and six brothers to establish the first Catholic missions in Western Oceania.^[a] Bussorah Merchant arrived at Cape Town on 1 May and stayed there for three days. She then delivered her passengers to Sydney, where she arrived on 21 June.^[20]

Fate

Bussorah Merchant was last listed in 1865.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ The Holy See had assigned the evangelization efforts in Western Oceania to the Society of Mary (Marists). Eastern Oceania (including Tahiti, the Marquesas and Hawaii) it assigned to the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary (Picpus Fathers).

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Hackman (2001), p. 257.
^ ^a ^b ^c Lloyd's Register (1826), p. 99, Seq.No.694.]
^ East-India register and directory 1819, p. 132.
^ East-India register and directory 1824, p. 152.
^ "Bussorah Merchant, Ship". British Library. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
^ "^{[title missing]}". The Naval and Military Magazine. 1: 640. 1827. OCLC 504033372.
^ Annual Register..., (1827), Law Cases pp. 41-43.^{[full citation needed]}
^ Bateson (1959), pp. 298–9.
^ Bateson (1959), p. 331.
^ "North Head, Sydney". dcceew.gov.au. National Heritage Places. Archived from the original on 3 July 2022. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
^ Campbell, J. T. (30 July 1814). "Government and General Orders". col. 1–2. The Sydney Gazette, and New South Wales Advertiser. Vol. 12, no. 554. Sydney: G. Howe. p. 1. OCLC 806465054. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ Bateson (1959), pp. 310–1.
^ Bateson (1959), p. 332.
^ Bateson (1959), pp. 300–1.
^ Bateson (1959), p. 333.
^ Rushen, Liz (20 January 2020). "Bounty Emigration Ships to Australia". Liz Rushen Historian. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
^ "The Journey - by Sailing Ship". Website. Maritime Museum of Tasmania. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
^ "Bussorah Merchant ship log for 3 Sep 1839". records.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 18716. London. 16 September 1844. col B, p. 7 – via Gale Wikipedia Library.
^ Wiltgen (1979), p. 330.

References

Bateson, Charles (1959). The Convict Ships. Glasgow: Brown, Son & Ferguson. OCLC 3778075. Republished in 2004: ISBN 978-0-9752378-0-9
"East-India register and directory". W.H. Allen. 1803. OCLC 793568758 – via HathiTrust.
"East-India register and directory". W.H. Allen. 1824. OCLC 793568758 – via HathiTrust.
Hackman, Rowan (2001). Ships of the East India Company. Gravesend, Kent: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-96-7. OCLC 51316017.
The Register of Shipping. London: Lloyd's Register. 1826. pp. 99, 641. OCLC 2223081 – via HathiTrust. Key to the Register Book, p. 12; Abbreviations, p. 13
Wiltgen, Ralph M. (1979). "20. Bishop Epalle is killed in the Solomon Islands 19 December 1845". Founding of the Roman Catholic Church in Oceania : 1825 to 1850. Canberra, Australia, London, England, and Norwalk, Conn., USA: Australian National University Press. hdl:1885/114677. ISBN 0-7081-0835-0. OCLC 1047649257 – via Australian National University Open Research Library.