Bunji Bridge (or Partab Pul) is a suspension bridge on the Indus River near Bunji, a town in the Astore District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It was first built in the 19th century by the Maharaja Pratap Singh's government of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Its wooden girders were burnt down during the 1947 Gilgit Rebellion and subsequently repaired. It fell into disuse and neglect in recent decades. It was restored by the recently established Government of Gilgit-Baltistan in 2012 after the 2010 Indus floods highlighted its value. The bridge is said to serve as a vital link between the town of Gilgit and the locations in the Astore District.[1]
Bunji Bridge | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Coordinates | 35°43′47″N 74°37′24″E / 35.729781°N 74.623359°E |
| Carries | Vehicles |
| Crosses | Indus River |
| Other name(s) | Partab Pul |
| Named for | Maharaja Pratap Singh |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Cantilever truss |
| Material | Iron - Steel |
| Total length | 330 feet (100 m) |
| History | |
| Construction end | 1893 |
| Rebuilt | 2012 |
| Location | |
 | |
History
editConstruction
editBunji, part of the Astore district, is on the left bank of the Indus River as it flows south. The Gilgit district is on the right bank of Indus.
Prior to 1891, there was only a ferry service to cross the Indus, which ran between Bunji and Jaglot (then called 'Sai'). In that year, in preparation for the Hunza–Nagar Campaign, a flying bridge using wire rope was laid by Captain Aylmer of the Bengal Sappers and Miners. Aylmer also established a wire-rope ferry which carried hundreds of tons of grains and military stores for the campaign.[2][3]
In May–June 1893, a new suspension bridge across the Indus was constructed by the Maharaja Pratap Singh's government, along with a neighbouring Ramghat Bridge across the Astore River. Steel wire ropes for the suspension were imported from England (made by Roger Bullivant[4]). They were laced with wooden girders and attached to masonry abutments, designed to withstand strain of 500 pounds per foot.[5] The bridge was located a few miles upstream from Bunji, just below a large "knee-bend" that is the confluence of the Gilgit and Indus rivers.[6][7] It was called the "Partab Bridge" in honour of Maharaja Pratap Singh. The construction was carried out by Captain J. E. Capper of the Corps of Royal Engineers.[8]
The bridge was the only means of contacting Gilgit during the summer months when the ferry would be unsafe due to the heavy summer flows of the Indus.[6]
1947 Gilgit Rebellion
editThe Pratab bridge was burnt down during the 1947 Gilgit Rebellion, on the night of 2 November 1947 by Platoon number 7 of the Chilas Scouts, in order to block the passage of the State Forces stationed at Bunji.[9][10] Scholar Ahmad Hasan Dani deems a local rajah—Muzaffaruddin to have given the order for this action (along with the destruction of a parallel ferry route), which eventually proved to be an important event in the chronicles of the Gilgit Rebellion.[11]
The Scouts soldier that burnt the bridge, Naqibullah, displays a certificate given by the rebel leader Captain Mirza Hassan Khan for his valour.[9] However, immediately after the event, Khan believed that Major William Brown of the Gilgit Scouts had ordered the burning so as to block his own rebel forces from reaching Bunji.[12] Hassan Khan appointed himself as the commander-in-chief of the "Republic of Gilgit" and wanted to conquer all of the Gilgit wazarat, whereas Brown was likely satisfied with liberating just the Gilgit Agency. But Khan did march into Bunji crossing the Indus by rafts, and the State Forces stationed there were neutralised by 5 November.[13]
On 6 November 1947, a call for repairs of the bridge was dispatched to local engineers.[14] It was not until late February 1948 that the bridge was repaired,[15] following which the Gilgit Scouts proceeded to lay the siege of Skardu.
2000s
editSince around 2000, the bridge fell into increasing neglect and disuse, in favour of a new wider bridge, which was built joining Jaglot with Bunji, along a new alignment (at coordinates 35°39′57″N 74°37′41″E / 35.665866°N 74.627944°E).[16][17][1]
The new bridge was destroyed during the 2010 flooding of the Indus River.[1] Following demands from the local populace, the Partab Bridge was restored in early 2012.[1] The washed-away bridge is also reported to have been repaired at a cost of about Rs. 18 million. The first Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan, Syed Mehdi Shah reopened it November 2012.[18][19]
See also
edit- Jammu–Sialkot line, constructed during the Maharaja Pratap Singh's reign
References
edit- ^ a b c d Shabbir, Mir (31 January 2012). "Infrastructure development: Historic Pratab bridge repaired to restore vital road link". The Express Tribune.
- ^ Sandes, E. W. C. (1935). The Military Engineer in India. Institution of Royal Engineers. pp. 435–436.
- ^ Chohan, Amar Singh (1997), Gilgit Agency 1877-1935, Atlantic Publishers & Dist, pp. 104–105, ISBN 978-81-7156-146-9 – via archive.org
- ^ Lalvani, Kartar (2016). The Making of India: The Untold Story of British Enterprise. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 426. ISBN 978-1-4729-2483-4.
- ^ Chohan, Amar Singh (1994), Economic Conditions in the Frontier Territories of Jammu and Kashmir under the Dogras, Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, p. 53, ISBN 978-81-7156-388-3
- ^ a b Gunn, J. P. (1930), "The Shyok Flood, 1929", Himalayan Journal, 2, retrieved 29 October 2019
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 359.
- ^ Sandes, E. W. C. (1948). The Indian Sappers and Miners. Institution of Royal Engineers. p. 368.
- ^ a b 115-year-old freedom fighter still eager to defend motherland, Express Tribune, 17 August 2019.
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 328,353,359-60.
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 328,353,360.
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 355: "Hasan blames Major Brown for the burning of these bridges so that there could be no possible approach left for reaching Bunji. He writes that the whole day of 4th November he spent in thinking over the problem as to how he could cross the river and reach Bunji."
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 351.
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 356.
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 374.
- ^ Dani, History of Northern Areas of Pakistan (2001), p. 33.
- ^ Karim, Afsir (2009), "Strategic dimensions of the trans-Himalayan frontiers", in Warikoo, K. (ed.), Himalayan Frontiers of India: Historical, Geo-Political and Strategic Perspectives, Routledge, p. 62, ISBN 978-1-134-03294-5
- ^ "Bunji Bridge opened in the end of 2012". Chitral Today. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
- ^ Correspondent (18 November 2012). "Flood-damaged bridge rebuilt in GB". Dawn.
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Bibliography
edit- Dani, Ahmad Hasan (2001), History of Northern Areas of Pakistan: Upto 2000 A.D., Sang-e-Meel Publications, ISBN 978-969-35-1231-1
External links
edit- Brown, William (30 November 2014), Gilgit Rebelion: The Major Who Mutinied Over Partition of India, Pen and Sword, ISBN 9781473841123