Bruce Edward Schroeder[1] (born c. 1946)[2] is a retired American lawyer and jurist from Kenosha County, Wisconsin. He served forty years as a Wisconsin circuit court judge in Kenosha County (1983–2023). At the time of his retirement, he was the longest-serving state court judge in Wisconsin. He was previously district attorney of Kenosha County. He came to national attention in 2021 due to his role as the presiding judge for the trial of Kyle Rittenhouse. He was also judge in the first trial of Mark Jensen in the "letter from the grave" murder case (2002–2008).
Bruce Schroeder | |
|---|---|
| Wisconsin Circuit Judge for the Kenosha Circuit, Branch 3 | |
| In office May 11, 1983 – November 27, 2023 | |
| Appointed by | Tony Earl |
| Preceded by | John E. Malloy |
| Succeeded by | Frank Gagliardi |
| District Attorney of Kenosha County, Wisconsin | |
| In office August 17, 1972 – January 3, 1977 | |
| Appointed by | Patrick Lucey |
| Preceded by | Burton A. Scott |
| Succeeded by | John P. Landa |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Bruce Edward Schroeder 1945 or 1946 (age 78–79) Milwaukee, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Spouse |
Donna Lane (m. 1972) |
| Alma mater | |
| Profession | Lawyer, judge |
| Known for |
|
Early life and political career
editSchroeder was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and graduated from Marquette University with a bachelor's degree in history and political science in 1967. He went on to Marquette University Law School and earned his J.D. in 1970.[3] While in college, he was a member of the police force in Whitefish Bay.[4]
Shortly after being admitted to the bar, Schroeder was hired as an assistant district attorney in Kenosha County, Wisconsin, under D.A. Burton A. Scott, and moved to Kenosha to accept the job.[5] As assistant district attorney, Schroeder was Kenosha's first juvenile prosecutor.[6]
Less than two years later, the D.A., Burton Scott, was appointed to a vacant county judge position. The Kenosha County Democratic Party endorsed Schroeder as his replacement.[6] On August 17, 1972, Governor Patrick Lucey appointed Schroeder district attorney to fill the remainder of Scott's term.[3] In the Fall general election that year, Schroeder won election to a full term as D.A., defeating Republican Robert V. Baker in a close race.[7] He was subsequently re-elected in 1974 without opposition.
In the 1974 general election, Kenosha County's state senator, Doug La Follette, was elected Secretary of State of Wisconsin, creating a vacancy. Schroeder entered the Democratic primary race for the April special election,[8] but was defeated by John J. Maurer of Pleasant Prairie in a four-person race.[9] Schroeder did not run for another term as district attorney in 1976. He went into private practice after leaving office.
Schroeder was active in politics with the Democratic Party of Wisconsin through the 1970s, serving as the Kenosha County coordinator for the 1974 re-election campaign of U.S. senator Gaylord Nelson, and for the 1978 gubernatorial campaign of Martin J. Schreiber.[8][10] Due to the 1977 judicial reform laws, a number of new judicial posts were created in Kenosha County in 1978,[11] and at that time Schroeder was named as a likely candidate for one of the new positions.[12] He was not appointed at that time, but served as a court commissioner for the new organization of the Wisconsin circuit courts from 1978 until his elevation in 1983.[13]
Judicial career
editIn 1983, incumbent Wisconsin circuit court judge John E. Malloy died in office, creating a vacancy. Schroeder was appointed to fill the position by Governor Tony Earl in May 1983,[13] and was subsequently elected to a full six-year term in 1984 without opposition. Since then, Schroeder has been re-elected seven times without facing an opponent, most recently in 2020.[14] He is Wisconsin's longest-serving state court judge.[15]
Schroeder has been the subject of controversy during his judicial career. In 1987, he received attention for his order requiring HIV/AIDS testing for convicted prostitutes.[16] He developed a reputation for being "no-nonsense" and tough on defendants in court and in sentencing.[17] Some attorneys have described him as an "old school" judge.[2] As a result, hundreds of defendants assigned to his court have requested to be transferred to another judge.[18]
State v. Jensen (2002–2008)
editSchroeder first came to national attention while presiding over the murder trial of Kenosha County resident Mark Jensen. In 2002, Jensen was charged with murder for the December 1998 death of his wife, Julie. Prosecutors alleged he poisoned her with antifreeze;[19] Jensen's defense argued that Julie was depressed and committed suicide in an attempt to frame her husband after both had engaged in affairs.
A key evidentiary issue in the case was that Julie had spoken to a number of neighbors and police officers, had written letters, and left voice mails stating that she believed her husband was trying to poison her. Schroeder initially ruled that he would admit the evidence at trial,[20] but following the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Crawford v. Washington, Schroeder ruled that several of these letters, voicemails, and conversations were inadmissible because they amounted to "testimonial" evidence by a witness who could not be questioned by the defense, thus creating a violation of the defendant's sixth amendment right to question his accusers.[21] The state appealed Schroeder's decision to the Wisconsin Supreme Court; Jensen also appealed the ruling, contending that none of the evidence should be admissible. The case was argued before the Wisconsin Supreme Court in January 2006, but their decision was not released until February 2007. In it, they ruled that the evidence could be admitted under the "forfeiture by wrongdoing" exception, in which a defendant may forfeit their right to question a witness against them if the defendant caused the witness to be unable to testify. The Court returned the case to Schroeder then to determine if Jensen could be found to be responsible for Julie's absence by a preponderance of the evidence.[22] Following the Wisconsin Supreme Court ruling, Schroeder held several days of hearings in Summer 2007, after which he ruled that the exception would apply, and the letter would be included in evidence.[23]
The jury convicted Jensen of first degree intentional homicide on February 21, 2008. Schroeder sentenced him to life in prison without the possibility of parole.[24]
After exhausting his appeals in state court, Jensen's lawyers sought to overturn his conviction in federal court. They contended that the letters and other testimonials from his wife should have been excluded from the trial, and further argued that Schroeder—since he had ruled that Jensen was responsible for his wife's absence in the 2007 pre-trial hearing—had pre-judged Jensen's guilt. In 2013, United States district judge William C. Griesbach heard Jensen's appeal. He ruled that Schroeder's evidentiary decision had violated Jensen's sixth amendment rights and ordered a new trial. Because a new trial was ordered, he deemed it unnecessary to rule on Jensen's complaint about Schroeder having pre-judged his case.[25] The state of Wisconsin appealed the district court decision to the 7th Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals, but lost again.
Schroeder was not re-assigned to the case when it was re-tried. After several more rounds of pre-trial hearings and appeals, a new trial was held in 2023; Jensen was convicted again and re-sentenced to life in prison.[26]
State v. Rittenhouse (2021)
editSchroeder was again in the national spotlight in 2021 for presiding over the trial of Kyle Rittenhouse, who fatally shot two men during the unrest in Kenosha in August 2020.[15] During the trial, some accused Schroeder of bias towards the Rittenhouse defense. He made several rulings in favor of the defense, including not allowing prosecutors to refer to the individuals Rittenhouse shot as "victims" and allowing the defense to refer to them as "arsonist" and "looters," as long as they could prove they did such activities. Prosecutor Thomas Binger reckoned that Schroeder had already admonished him thousands of times for calling someone a "victim" in other trials.[27] Schroeder was also accused of being harsh towards prosecutor Binger by raising his voice and admonishing him, telling Binger a line of his questioning threatened to undermine Rittenhouse's right to remain silent. According to NPR, several legal experts they interviewed said they believed that specific admonishment was appropriate.[28]
Personal life
editSchroeder married court clerk Donna Jean Lane on September 30, 1972, at the St. James Catholic Church in Kenosha.[29][30] They have two adopted children,[31] Terrence Michael (born 1979)[32] and Mary Lynn (born 1982).[33] Schroeder is a member of the German American Society.[8]
Electoral history
editKenosha County District Attorney (1972, 1974)
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Election, November 5, 1972 | |||||
| Democratic | Bruce E. Schroeder (incumbent) | 23,013 | 52.73% | ||
| Republican | Robert V. Baker | 20,626 | 47.27% | ||
| Plurality | 2,387 | 5.47% | |||
| Total votes | 43,639 | 100.0% | |||
| Democratic hold | |||||
Wisconsin Senate (1975)
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Primary, February 18, 1975 | |||||
| Democratic | John J. Maurer | 5,361 | 46.01% | ||
| Democratic | Bruce E. Schroeder | 3,976 | 34.12% | ||
| Democratic | Michael Zanin | 1,425 | 12.23% | ||
| Democratic | Gerald F. Bellow | 891 | 7.65% | ||
| Plurality | 1,385 | 11.89% | |||
| Total votes | 11,653 | 100.0% | |||
Wisconsin Circuit Court (1984–present)
edit| Year | Election | Date | Elected | Defeated | Total | Plurality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984[34] | General | April 3 | Bruce Schroeder (inc) | Nonpartisan | 20,400 | 100.0% | --unopposed-- | 20,400 | 20,400 | |||
| 1990[35] | General | April 3 | Bruce Schroeder (inc) | Nonpartisan | 15,478 | 100.0% | 15,478 | 15,478 | ||||
| 1996[36] | General | March 19 | Bruce Schroeder (inc) | Nonpartisan | 17,102 | 100.0% | 17,102 | 17,102 | ||||
| 2002[37] | General | April 2 | Bruce Schroeder (inc) | Nonpartisan | 11,927 | 99.72% | 11,960 | 11,894 | ||||
| 2008[38] | General | April 1 | Bruce Schroeder (inc) | Nonpartisan | 16,926 | 99.01% | 17,095 | 16,757 | ||||
| 2014[39] | General | April 1 | Bruce Schroeder (inc) | Nonpartisan | 11,507 | 99.14% | 11,607 | 11,407 | ||||
| 2020[14] | General | April 7 | Bruce Schroeder (inc) | Nonpartisan | 26,063 | 98.70% | 26,406 | 25,720 | ||||
References
edit- ^ "Notice of Presidential Preference, Judicial and County Supervisor Election". Kenosha News. November 15, 1983. p. 20. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Vera, Amir (November 11, 2021). "Judge Bruce Schroeder's reputation as a tough jurist comes through in Rittenhouse trial". CNN.
- ^ a b "Schroeder appointment as D.A. made official". Kenosha News. August 18, 1972. p. 14. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Voters to decide four Courthouse contests". Kenosha News. October 30, 1972. p. 29. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "D.A. names an assistant". Kenosha News. January 15, 1971. p. 16. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "Bruce Schroeder proposed for DA". Kenosha News. August 15, 1972. p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b "4 contested county posts to Democrats". Kenosha News. November 8, 1972. p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c Meyers, Jim (January 9, 1975). "D.A. Bruce Schroeder enters race for 22nd district seat". Kenosha News. p. 33. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Theobald, H. Rupert; Robbins, Patricia V., eds. (1975). "Elections" (PDF). The State of Wisconsin 1975 Blue Book (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. p. 803. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "Kenoshans form group for Schreiber". Kenosha News. August 17, 1978. p. 22. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Theobald, H. Rupert; Robbins, Patricia V., eds. (1979). "Judiciary" (PDF). The State of Wisconsin 1979-1980 Blue Book (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. pp. 658–659. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Jensen, Don (April 7, 1978). "Judge job has them guessing". Kenosha News. p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Henkel, Barbara (May 11, 1983). "Schroeder named judge". Kenosha News. p. 1. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b Canvass Results for 2020 Spring Election and Presidential Preference Vote - 4/7/2020 (PDF) (Report). Wisconsin Elections Commission. May 4, 2020. p. 5. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ a b Bogel-Burroughs, Nicholas (November 11, 2021). "In Scrutinized Kyle Rittenhouse Trial, It's the Judge Commanding Attention". The New York Times.
- ^ Enstad, Robert (February 7, 1987). "Judge Urges AIDS Test Challenge". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ "A look at Bruce Schroeder, the judge in the Kyle Rittenhouse trial". NPR.org. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
- ^ "Hundreds ask to avoid court of Kenosha judge". Wisconsin State Journal. November 30, 2006. p. 7. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Krerowicz, John (March 21, 2002). "Man charged in wife's death". Kenosha News. Retrieved May 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Berger, Liza (September 5, 2003). "Judge allows Jensen comments". Kenosha News. p. 1. Retrieved May 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Hansen, Jessica (June 8, 2004). "Ruling threatens Jensen case". Kenosha News. p. 1. Retrieved May 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ State v. Jensen, 299 Wis. 2d 267 (Wisconsin Supreme Court February 23, 2007).
- ^ Hansen, Jessica (August 31, 2007). "Judge allows letter implicating Jensen for murder". Kenosha News. p. 1. Retrieved May 16, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Husband gets life without parole in 'letter from the grave' case". CNN. February 27, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
- ^ Jensen v. Schwochert (E.D. Wis. December 18, 2013), Text.
- ^ Gaitan, Daniel (April 14, 2023). "Mark Jensen, Pleasant Prairie man convicted twice of killing wife, sentenced to life in prison without parole". Kenosha News. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
- ^ "Men shot by Kyle Rittenhouse cannot be called 'victims' in court, judge rules". the Guardian. October 27, 2021. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
- ^ Sullivan, Becky (November 16, 2021). "As the nation awaits a Kyle Rittenhouse verdict, some raise eyebrows at the judge". NPR. Retrieved August 5, 2022.
- ^ "Mrs. Bruce Schroeder". Kenosha News. October 24, 1972. p. 6. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Schroeder-Lane". Kenosha News. October 4, 1972. p. 9. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Schroeder seeks full term". Kenosha News. December 2, 1983. p. 5. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Adoption". Kenosha News. November 12, 1979. p. 12. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Adoption". Kenosha News. June 29, 1982. p. 15. Retrieved November 17, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Theobald, H. Rupert; Robbins, Patricia V., eds. (1985). "Elections" (PDF). The State of Wisconsin 1985-1986 Blue Book (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. p. 881. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Barish, Lawrence S.; Theobald, H. Rupert, eds. (1991). "Elections" (PDF). The State of Wisconsin 1991-1992 Blue Book (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. p. 879. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Barish, Lawrence S., ed. (1997). "Elections" (PDF). State of Wisconsin 1997-1998 Blue Book (Report). Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau. p. 874. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Results of Spring General Election - 04/02/2002 (PDF) (Report). Wisconsin State Elections Board. May 24, 2002. p. 4. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Results of Spring General Election - 04/01/2008 (PDF) (Report). Wisconsin State Elections Board. April 21, 2008. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 18, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2021.
- ^ Canvass Results for 2014 Spring Election - 4/1/2014 (PDF) (Report). Wisconsin Government Accountability Board. April 15, 2014. p. 4. Retrieved November 17, 2021.