A divergent variety of the Shina Language
Brokskat | |
---|---|
Minaro | |
འབྲོག་སྐད་ / بروقسکت | |
Native to | India, Pakistan |
Region | Ladakh, Baltistan |
Ethnicity | Brokpa (Minaro) |
Native speakers | (about 3,000 cited 1996)[1] |
Indo-European
| |
Tibetan script, Nastaliq script[2] | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | bkk |
Glottolog | brok1247 |
ELP | Brokskat |
Brokskat (Tibetan: འབྲོག་སྐད་, Wylie: ’brog skad)[3] or Minaro[4] is an endangered Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Brokpa people in the lower Indus Valley of Ladakh and its surrounding areas.[1][5] It is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language.[6] It is considered a divergent variety of Shina,[7] but it is not mutually intelligible with the other dialects of Shina.[8] It is only spoken by 2,858 people in Ladakh and 400 people in the adjoining Baltistan, part of Pakistan-administered Kashmir.[9]
Etymology
editExonym
The term Brokskat translates to "the language of the Brokpa" in the Tibetic language. The name "Brokpa" is used by Ladakhi and Balti Tibetic origin people to refer to this ethnic group. Brokpa means "hill-dweller" or "hillbilly," reflecting their historical lifestyle as hunters in the upper mountainous regions.
Endonym
The Brokpa themselves refer to their language as Minaro and identify their ethnic group by the same name, Minaro. Interestingly, their ancient religion is also known as Minaro.
Vocabulary
editEnglish | Brokskat in Roman script | Brokskat in Bodyig script |
---|---|---|
Water | wa | ཝུའ་ |
Fire | ghur | གཱུར |
Sun | Suri | སུརིའ་ |
Moon | gyun | གྱུན |
Mountain | chur | ཆུར |
Human | mush | མུཤ |
Land | bun | བུན |
Boy | byo | བྱོ |
Girl | molay | མོལེའ་ |
Baby | bubu | བུའབུའ |
Knife | cutter | ཀཊའར |
Verb tenses
editEnglish | Brokskat -present tense | Brokskat-past tense | Broskat-future tense | Imperative |
---|---|---|---|---|
To go | byas | go | byungs | boyai |
To stand | autheis | authait | authiyungs | authi |
To Break | phitais | phitaiat | phitiaungs | phitai |
To open | aunis | auniat | auniungs | auni |
To laugh | hazis | hazit | haziungs | hazi |
To sit | bazhais | bazhit | bazhiungs | bazhi |
To walk | zazis | zazit | zaziungs | zazi |
To throw | faitis | faitiat | fatiungs | fati |
To look | skis | skait | skiungs | ski |
Cut | chhinis | chinait | chhiniungs | chhini |
To Count | gyanis | gyaniat | gyaniungs | gyani |
References
edit- ^ a b Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007-07-26). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. p. 889. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
- ^ Brokskat-Urdu-Hindi-English Dictionary
- ^ Bray, John (2008). "Corvée transport labour in 19th and early 20th century Ladakh: a study in continuity and change". In Martijn van Beek; Fernanda Pirie (eds.). Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change. BRILL. p. 46. ISBN 978-90-474-4334-6.
- ^ Bhagabati, Dikshit Sarma (2018-08-03). "Onstage and Offstage". Economic and Political Weekly. 53 (31) – via academia.edu.
The mother tongue of the Brokpa is Minaro, an Indo–Aryan language, though their vocabulary heavily borrows from Ladakhi.
- ^ Ethnologue, 15th Edition, SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org,
Minaro is an alternate ethnic name. "Brokpa" is the name given by the Ladakhi for the people. "Brokskat" is the language.
- ^ Ethnologue, 15th Edition, SIL International, 2005, p. 357 – via archive.org,
Brokskat' is the language. This is the oldest surviving member of the ancient Dardic language.
- ^ Ethnologue : languages of the world. Internet Archive. Dallas, Tex. : SIL International. 2005. ISBN 978-1-55671-159-6.
A very divergent variety of Shina
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ Jain, Danesh; Cardona, George (2007-07-26). The Indo-Aryan Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79711-9.
And is not mutually intelligible with the other shina language
- ^ "بروسکت: پاکستان میں ایک نئی زبان دریافت". Independent Urdu (in Urdu). 2022-03-16. Retrieved 2022-12-30.