Brahacharanam

Brahacharanam
Total population
	Unknown
Regions with significant populations
	Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala
Languages
	Tamil; Malayalam; Kannada; Sanskrit (liturgical)
Religion
	Hinduism
Related ethnic groups
	Iyer, Tamil people

Brahacharanam is a sub-sect of the Iyer community of Tamil Brahmins.^[1] The word "Brahacharanam" is a corruption of the Sanskrit word Brhatcharanam (Sanskrit: बृहत्चरणम्). Many Brahacharanam follow the Advaita Vedanta philosophy propounded by Adi Shankara. Some Brahacharanam adhere to Shivadvaita. The Brahacharanams, along with the Vadamas, form the major portion of the Kerala Iyer^[2]^[3] community.

Sub-groups

The Brahacharanam are divided into the following subgroups:

Kandiramanickam (a village in Tiruvarur district,near Kodavasal,in Nachiyar kovil to Nannilam road)
Milaganur (a village in Sivagangai district)
Mangudi (a village in Tanjore district near Kumbakonam)
Malanadu (a village in Trichy)
Pazhamaneri (a village in Tanjore district)
Musanadu
Kolathur (a village in Kanchipuram district)
Marudancheri (a village in Sivagangai district)
Rajagambiram (a village in Sivagangai district near Manamadurai town )
Ilanji (a village in Tirunelveli district)
Mazhavanattu
Sathyamangalam (Erode district)
Puduru Dravida^[4] (In Andhra Pradesh)

A significant number of Brahacharanams have migrated to Kerala,^[3] where they are part of the Kerala Iyer community. They have also migrated in large numbers to Puduru (meaning new town/village /place) in between Nellore and Chennai, Andhra Pradesh where they form the Puduru Dravida community.^[5]

Etymology

The word bruhat in Sanskrit means "great", "vast" or "significant" and the word charanam refers to feet. The name Brahacharanam can be thus literally translated as "feet of the greats" referring to the status of a Guru, and the Brahacharanam being those who follow in the footsteps of the Greats.

Another interpretation for Brahacharanam provided by K.A Nilakanta Sastri in his 'History of South India' is the 'Great Migration'. Sastri notes that this could be taken as evidence of one of the earliest migrations of people from Karnataka into Tamil Nadu, especially given that many Brahacharanam sub-sects have names such as Satyamangalam, Mangudi etc. - all names of villages hugging Western Ghats, and thereby denoting the route taken from North to South. It is to be noted however that Sastri considers this interpretation to be too speculative, given there is no direct evidence for the same.

Origins

Their exact origins are not clear but their presence in the Tamil Kingdoms extends back at least to the reign of Parantaka Chola II, who is said to have brahmarayars as ministers. Many of the agraharam villages of the Brahacharanam also have very ancient origins.

According to some sources, they made their way into the Tamil country through the Satyamangalam Pass.^[6]

Traditional role

The traditional function of Brahacharanams is to study and impart Vedic knowledge or officiate as priests in religious functions. However, there is evidence that in ancient times, they might have also served in the army or in civil and administrative services. During the Chola period, members of the community (especially the Pazhamaneri Brahacharanam) even served as army commanders. Senapathi Krishnan Raman was the Commander-in-chief of the Imperial Chola army of Rajendra Chola I.^[7] Brahacharanam also consider themselves to be among the first followers of Adi Shankaracharya.^{[citation needed]}

Notable people

Chandrasekhar family (Mangudi sub-group)

Sir C.V.Raman, Nobel Prize winner in Physics from India^[8]^{[page needed]}^{[need quotation to verify]}
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Nobel Prize winner in Physics from India, nephew of C.V.Raman^[9]^{[page needed]}^{[need quotation to verify]}

Others

Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, member of the Constituent Assembly of India and M.P. Rajya Sabha
Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, a Carnatic vocalist^[10]
D. V. Gundappa, a writer, poet and philosopher^[11]
V. Ramaswamy Aiyer , founder of Indian Mathematical Society (Sathyamangala Brahacharanam)
V. Balakumaran (Tamil writer and novelist)
Sir P. S. Sivaswamy Iyer, Advocate General of Madras during British times(Palamaneri Brahacharanam)
Mangudi Dorairaja Iyer (Bharathanatyam teacher)
Manakkal Nambigal (A vaishnavite saint , disciple of Uyyakondar)
Manakkal Rangarajan (a renowned Carnatic musician)
Alladi Ramakrishnan, son of Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer founder of Matscience India (Pudur Dravida)
Alladi Kuppusamy Iyer, prominent Jurist son of Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer (Pudur Dravida)
T. Paramasiva Iyer, district sessions judge of Bangalore (Mangudi Brahacharanam)
T. Sadasiva Iyer, chief justice of Travancore, brother of T. Paramasiva Iyer (Mangudi Brahacharanam)
Mahakavi C. Subramania Bharathi (Tamil poet)
Kothamangalam Subbu (Tamil poet, lyricst, author)
Subramaniya Siva (Tamil Writer and Pure Tamil Movement Activist)
Natarajan Chandrasekaran (chairperson of Air India and Tata Sons)
M. Gopala Krishna Iyer (Tamil writer and founder of Madurai Manavar Senthamil Sangam)
B.Rajam Iyer (Carnatic Singer)
Ramana Maharshi ( famous spiritual saint)
Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer ( Renowned Veena Player)
Karaikudi Mani ( Renowned Mridangist)
Natesa Sastri ( Indian Polyglot)
B.R Rajam Iyer( notable Indian Lawyer during colonial period)
B.S Ramiah ( Tamil Journalist)
C.S Chellappa ( Tamil Journalist)
judge L S Parthasarathy iyer of lalgudi(Malanadu Brahacharanam)- sessions judge
Dr S Kalyanaraman nurologist
Mylrengam Natesa Iyer Banker( Tamilnadu Central Bank)
Lalgudi G Jayaraman violinist
Kalki Sadasivam

Notes

^ Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 680. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.
^ "Palakkad Iyers - A contrasting story of Brahmin migration". www.narayanmurti.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
^ ^a ^b Das (Journalist), M. K. (2017). Saga of Kalpathy: The Story of Palghat Iyers. Ahalia Publications LLP. ISBN 978-93-86506-10-8.
^ "Constitution Architects: Alladi Krishna Ayyar's Contribution To The Constitution". IndiaTimes. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.
^ VS, Ravi (27 August 2020). "The life and times of Sir Alladi - Part I". newstimenow.com. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
^ Kongunadu
^ K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, K.A (2000) [1935]. The CōĻas. Madras: University of Madras. pp. 188–189.
^ World Famous Scientists By Sura College of Competition, Prof. P.R. Sreemahadevan Pillai
^ Chandra: a biography of S. Chandrasekhar By Kameshwar C. Wali
^ "Royal Carpet Carnatic Composers: MahA VaidhyanAtha Sivan Shivan VaidyanAta Iyer".
^ "Kannada Writers - D. V. Gundappa".

[1] Singh, K. S. (1996). Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 680. ISBN 978-0-19-563357-3.

[2] "Palakkad Iyers - A contrasting story of Brahmin migration". www.narayanmurti.com. Retrieved 5 July 2023.

[:0-3] Das (Journalist), M. K. (2017). Saga of Kalpathy: The Story of Palghat Iyers. Ahalia Publications LLP. ISBN 978-93-86506-10-8.

[4] "Constitution Architects: Alladi Krishna Ayyar's Contribution To The Constitution". IndiaTimes. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2023.

[5] VS, Ravi (27 August 2020). "The life and times of Sir Alladi - Part I". newstimenow.com. Retrieved 5 May 2023.

[6] Kongunadu

[brahmarayar-7] K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, K.A (2000) [1935]. The CōĻas. Madras: University of Madras. pp. 188–189.

[8] World Famous Scientists By Sura College of Competition, Prof. P.R. Sreemahadevan Pillai

[9] Chandra: a biography of S. Chandrasekhar By Kameshwar C. Wali

[10] "Royal Carpet Carnatic Composers: MahA VaidhyanAtha Sivan Shivan VaidyanAta Iyer".

[11] "Kannada Writers - D. V. Gundappa".

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