The Blue Bird Café fire was a nightclub fire on September 1, 1972, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. In all, 37 people were killed as a result of arson.[1][2]
 Site of the Blue Bird in 2012, then a parking lot. Since 2018, it is the location of Tom Condos. | |
| Date | September 1, 1972 |
|---|---|
| Venue | Blue Bird Café |
| Location | Montreal, Quebec, Canada |
| Type | Fire |
| Cause | Arson |
| Deaths | 37 |
| Non-fatal injuries |
|
| Convicted |
|
| Charges | Arson, murder |
| Verdict | Guilty |
| Sentence | Life imprisonment (paroled within a decade) |
The fire was the worst in Montreal since 1927, when 77 people perished in the Laurier Palace Theatre Fire.[3] It is also the worst and only nightclub fire casualty in Canadian history.
Venue
editMontreal’s Blue Bird Café and the Wagon Wheel, a country and western bar above it, were located on the west side of Union Street between Ste-Catherine Ouest and Dorchester (now René-Lévesque) in downtown Montreal, lying within the borough of Ville-Marie.[2] The café and bar were known as places where largely working-class, English-speaking youth[2] could come for an evening of music, dancing, and drinking.[1]
Fire
editThere was lots of pitch black smoke and then a lot of heat and a lot of yellow light ... We knew it was a fire. Everyone began to panic.
George Lancia, survivor[3]
On the evening of Friday, September 1, 1972, the beginning of the Labour Day weekend, more than 200 people were at the bar celebrating.[2] Around 10:45 PM, three young men (initial reports said four)[3] were refused entry to the upstairs bar, as they appeared excessively intoxicated. Upset by this, Gilles Eccles, James O’Brien and Jean-Marc Boutin set a fire on the staircase that served as the only regular entrance or exit for the Wagon Wheel's customers.[1] "It was either a Molotov cocktail or gasoline spread on the stairs and then ignited," said Montreal Police Inspector Armand Chaillé. The entire bar was in flames within a few minutes, according to police.[3]
With the primary escape route blocked by the fire advancing upward toward the crowded[3] bar, its patrons sought out other exits. However, conflicting city building codes and fire regulations had left the upstairs bar with too few fire exits for its capacity of patrons. With the bar's main exit aflame and its sole fire exit blocked,[2] patrons were forced to use one of two escape routes: either through the kitchen onto a folding fire escape (the emergency exit was chained) or by climbing through a window in the women's restroom and dropping some 20 feet onto a parked car.[1]
At its peak, the fire was fought by more than 50 firefighters. Five firefighters would be injured by smoke inhalation before the fire was declared out.[3] At the time, the wearing of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) was a relatively new practice and not as common among firefighters as it is today. The fire was brought under control by 2:30 a.m., and extinguished by daybreak.
Victims
editWhile it was originally reported that 42 people had died,[3] later investigation determined that 37 people succumbed and perished as smoke and fire overtook the bar.[1] Police and firefighters found bodies in the bathrooms, huddled in a corner that had no exit, and jammed in a rear section of the club close to a back entrance.[3]
Aftermath
editAt 3:30 a.m. Eccles was arrested and a manhunt was on for Boutin and O'Brien.[4] They were arrested in Vancouver, British Columbia two weeks later.[5]
In the aftermath of the fire, regulations throughout Canada were strengthened to provide for more avenues of escape.[1] Two of the three defendants were convicted of second-degree murder, the third manslaughter. All three were paroled within a decade of their convictions.[6][7] Owing to the blocked fire exit, a lawyer for the victims' families proposed a $9 million civil lawsuit against the Montreal fire department, bar owner Leopold Paré, and the building's owner, with the defence led by Montreal mayor Jean Drapeau. The families eventually accepted a much lower settlement offer of $1,000 to $3,000 per victim.[2]
This article needs to be updated. (October 2022) |
On August 31, 2012, a memorial was unveiled by the city of Montreal to mark the 40th anniversary. A mass was held as well as a march by families of the victims along with a photo exhibit at city hall, with a vigil on September 1.[7]
In August 2020, it was reported that James O'Brien violated his parole for the third time in the past decade for being intoxicated with alcohol and was sent back to prison.[8]
As of May 2022 the memorial has been installed at the south side of Phillips Square following the renovation of the square.
On September 1, 2022, a 50th anniversary memorial was held in Phillips Square that included survivors and relatives of people who lost their lives in the fire.[9]
See also
edit- List of fires in Canada
- Denmark Place fire, 1980 London fire started by drunken patron refused entry by lighting gasoline in front of main entrance and only exit; also killed 37
- Happy Land fire, 1990 New York City fire started in same fashion by ejected club patron; killed 87, making it the worst single-perpetrator mass murder in the city's history.
- Knights of Columbus Hostel fire
- L'Isle-Verte nursing home fire
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Out of the Blue". Disasters of the Century. Season 6. 2009-07-14. History Television. Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 2009-06-26.
- ^ a b c d e f Gravenor, Kristian (1999-08-26). "The Kristian Perspective: Blue Bird Remembered". Montreal Mirror. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Quebecor. Archived from the original on 2012-06-30. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h "Nightclub Fire Takes 42 Lives in Montreal: Police Holding Four Men". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 1972-09-02. Archived from the original on 2011-10-02. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
- ^ The Gazette, Montreal, 4 September 1972, p.1
- ^ "40 years later – Montreal commemorates victims of the Blue Bird fire | Globalnews.ca". globalnews.ca. Aug 30, 2012. Retrieved Sep 6, 2019.
- ^ "40 years after a horrific arson that killed 37 people, the victims of the Blue Bird fire finally get a memorial", by Joe O'Connor, The National Post
- ^ a b Memorial in Montreal
- ^ Cherry, Paul (August 28, 2020). "Man behind 1972 Blue Bird Café arson that killed 37 people violated parole".
- ^ Magder, Jason (September 1, 2022). "Montreal remembers the 37 people who died at the Blue Bird Café 50 years ago".
External links
edit
Media related to Blue Bird Café fire at Wikimedia Commons
