Birmingham Boys (also known as the Brummagem[1] Boys or the Brum Boys) were a street gang whose power extended from the North of England to London's underworld, between the 1910s and 1930s. They lost control of the South East racecourses to the Sabini gang.[2][3][4] In modern times they gained recognition due to the TV series Peaky Blinders.
| Founded | c. 1910 |
|---|---|
| Founded by | Billy Kimber |
| Founding location | Birmingham, England |
| Years active | c. 1910-1930 |
| Territory | Northern England, The Midlands, and some neighbourhoods in London |
| Ethnicity | English |
| Membership (est.) | 26 |
| Criminal activities | Bookmaking, assault, extortion, fraud, murder, fencing, hooliganism, bribery, smuggling, hijacking and robbery |
| Allies | Elephant and Castle Mob and Hoxton Gang, CWS |
| Rivals | Sabini gang, BuSide, 6th, Burger Boys |
History
editOrigin
editFollowing the Gaming Act 1845, the only gambling allowed in England was at race tracks. The introduction of special excursion trains meant that all classes of society could attend the new racecourses opening across the country. Cash was concentrated in the hands of bookmakers, who employed bodyguards against protection gangs operating within the vast crowds.[5]
William "Billy" Kimber, born 1882[6] in Summer Lane, Aston in Birmingham, a brass caster by trade,[7] was head of the Birmingham Boys.[8] With gangs in Uttoxeter and Leeds he controlled racecourses in the Midlands and the North. For several years Kimber was probably the biggest organised crime boss in the UK. He set up a secondary base in Islington, North London to concentrate on the racetracks in the South of England, teaming up with London gang boss Charles 'Wag' McDonald.
Kimber formed alliances with smaller organisations such as the Hoxton Gang[5] and the Elephant and Castle Mob. Now at racecourses in the South East, one group the Brummies began to prey on were the Jewish bookies from London's East End, who turned to local underworld boss Edward Emmanuel, who in turn recruited the Italian Sabini Gang as protection.[8]
In March 1921, the Brummagems ambushed Sabini at Greenford Park Trotting Track. A few days later, Kimber was found shot and beaten in Kings Cross, London,[6] having gone to visit Sabini but survived. The violence escalated, but Sabini gained the upper hand when 23 Birmingham boys were locked up following the "Epsom Road Battle".[8][9] In October 1940, Kimber was the president of the Devon and Cornwall Bookmakers’ Association.[10] William Kimber died 63, in 1945, after a prolonged illness, at the Mount Stuart Nursing Home, Torquay.[11][12]
Epsom Road Battle
editKimber's gang believed that a group of Leeds bookmakers travelling in a Crossley tender at Ewell, near Epsom, on Coronation Cup day were in fact the Sabini Gang. The tender was rammed by a taxi, and 60 men set upon the occupants with hatchets, hammers, and bricks. The attack was led by a man with a revolver, and initial reports suggested it was a Sinn Féin riot.[13] The gang had used taxis and a blue motor coach to both follow their victims and escape. The police located the coach at the George and Dragon pub (now the Kingston Lodge Hotel) on Kingston Hill and were able to muster 50 officers.[14]
In popular culture
editIn the BBC television series Peaky Blinders a fictionalised version of Billy Kimber was portrayed by Charlie Creed-Miles.[15]
Further reading
edit- Chibnall, Steve. Brighton Rock. London: I.B. Tauris, 2005. ISBN 1-85043-400-X
- Chinn, Carl (2014). Real Peaky Blinders: Billy Kimber, the Birmingham Gang and the Racecourse Wars of the 1920s. Redditch, Worcestershire, England: Brewin. ISBN 9781858585307. OCLC 907320468.
- Chinn, Carl (2019). Peaky Blinders: The Real Story: The new true history of Birmingham's most notorious gangs. London: John Blake Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781789461725. OCLC 1136540063.
- Chinn, Carl (2020). Peaky Blinders: The Legacy: the real story of Britain's most notorious 1920's gangs. London: John Blake Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781789462937. OCLC 1291506049.
- Chinn, Carl (2021). Peaky Blinders: The Aftermath: the real story behind the next generation of British gangsters. London: John Blake Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781789464511. OCLC 1309300519.
- Donaldson, William. Brewer's Rogues, Villains, and Eccentrics: An A-Z of Roguish Britons Through the Ages. London: Orion Books Ltd., 2004. ISBN 0-7538-1791-8
- Huggins, Mike. Horseracing and the British, 1919–39. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-7190-6529-1
- Kirby, Dick (7 July 2002). "The Race Track Gangs". The Peeler. Friends of the Met Police Museum – via Epsom & Ewell History Explorer.
- Moonman, Eric. The Violent Society. London: Frank Cass & Co., 1987. ISBN 0-7146-3309-7
- Wright, Alan. Organised Crime. Portland: Willan Publishing, 2006. ISBN 1-84392-140-5
References
edit- ^ "Birmingham Gangs". Crime+Investigation UK. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
Brummagem being slang for Birmingham
- ^ "UK Chaps". Gangland.net. 2002. Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2006.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Barley, Nick (2001). "The Times – London A-Z Series No.1 (A Sample....) "G for Gangland London"". The Times. Archived from the original on 30 December 2006. Retrieved 6 December 2006.
- ^ Shore, Heather (2001). "Undiscovered Country': Towards A History Of The Criminal 'Underworld'". School of Cultural Studies: Leeds Metropolitan University. Archived from the original (.doc) on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2006.
- ^ a b Dick Kirby (July 2002). "The Race Track Gangs". The Peeler (7). Friends of the Met Police Museum.
- ^ a b The Times, News in Brief on 29 March 1921
- ^ Chinn, Carl (28 September 2013). "Kimber's boys always gained bloody revenge: what life was like for the man who ran illegal bookmaking sites across the country". Birmingham Mail. Birmingham, England. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
via Free Online Library
- ^ a b c Carl Chinn, ‘Sabini, (Charles) Darby (1889–1950)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
- ^ "Epsom Road Battle. 28 Men On Trial". The Times. 20 July 1921.
- ^ Chinn, Carl (11 December 2013). "The Real Peaky Blinders: How Billy Kimber REALLY died". Birmingham Live. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ^ "The Real Peaky Blinders: How Billy Kimber REALLY died". 11 December 2013. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2015.
- ^ Weir, Luke (13 March 2022). "What happened to the real Peaky Blinders villains who caused havoc in the infamous 'Epsom Road Battle'". SurreyLive. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
- ^ "Epsom Races Affray. Alleged Attempt To Bribe A Witness". The Times. 17 June 1921.
- ^ Kirby, Dick (7 July 2002). "The Race Track Gangs". The Peeler. Friends of the Met Police Museum – via Epsom & Ewell History Explorer.
- ^ "BBC One - Peaky Blinders, Series 1 - Billy Kimber". BBC.
