Wikipedia

Ocean View Branch

(Redirected from Bernal Cut)

For the modern light rail service, see M Ocean View.

The Ocean View Branch was a railroad line between San Francisco and San Bruno, California. It was in use from 1863 to 1942, with some sections remaining until the 1970s. Its importance as a rail corridor was greatly reduced after the 1907 opening of the flatter and shorter Bayshore Cutoff. The right-of-way between Glen Park and San Bruno was reused for Interstate 280 and Bay Area Rapid Transit.

Map of the Ocean View Branch (blue) and the Bayshore Cutoff

History

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The San Francisco and San Jose Railroad opened south from San Francisco to San Francisquito Creek on October 23, 1863, and to San Jose in January 1864. It ran from a station at Temple (later 25th) and San Jose Street then wound southwest through the San Bruno hills of southern San Francisco. It turned south through Daly City and southeast at Colma, then paralleled El Camino Real through South San Francisco to San Bruno, California.[1] The largest earthworks on the line was the Bernal Cut, which was originally excavated at 2,700 feet (820 m) in length and a depth of 43 feet (13 m).[2] By March 1867, trains were being run up Valencia Street to a new depot at Market Street.[3] The company was acquired by the Southern Pacific Railroad (SP) in 1868. The railroad was not very useful to local residents in San Francisco: high fares discouraged both passengers and freight, and street running in the Mission District made the ride slow.[4] Helper engines were required for the 3% grade at Oceanview in southern San Francisco.[5] In 1878, the SP surveyed an alternate route east of San Bruno Mountain to bypass the line's grades and curves.[6] The northern end was rerouted off of Valencia Street to Harrison, Division, and Townsend streets in the 1870s as the Southern Pacific had been granted land in the Mission Bay for a new terminal.[7] Residents rejected a plan to double-track the railroad around 1900.[5]

The United Railroads opened its San Mateo interurban between San Francisco and San Mateo in 1902.[8] It paralleled the SP for its whole length and ran directly alongside the railroad between South San Francisco and Burlingame. It competed with the railroad for passengers, especially for traffic to the Colma cemeteries for which the SP had numerous flag stops.[9]

On December 8, 1907, the SP opened its Bayshore Cutoff between San Francisco and San Bruno.[10] The new cutoff was straighter and flatter than the old route: it reduced the maximum grade from 3% to 0.3%, the maximum elevation from 292 feet (89 m) to 20 feet (6.1 m), and the San Francisco–San Bruno distance from 13.69 miles (22.03 km) to 11.04 miles (17.77 km).[11] With the cutoff thus saving 20 minutes in running time, most service switched to the new route.[10] The old mainline between though points became the Ocean View Branch, also called the San Bruno Branch or San Bruno line. By 1913, more that two dozen daily round trips used the cutoff, with just 3–4 round trips over the Ocean View Branch.[9] Some service was provided by McKeen Motor Cars.[12] The SP planned to electrify the Ocean View Branch as an extension of the Peninsular Railway to compete with the San Mateo interurban, but never did so.[13][14]

In June 1919, passenger service over the line was reduced to a single daily round trip.[15][16] The SP was allowed to temporarily discontinue passenger service on the branch in November 1928 when the Bernal Cut was widened to build San Jose Avenue. This became permanent in March 1930, though freight service continued.[17][18][19][20] Plans were put forward in 1930 to integrate the line into a proposed rapid transit system with much of the route rebuilt as an elevated railway and a new segment north along Capp Street leading to Mission Street.[21] The tracks were abandoned north of Ocean Avenue to 23rd Street on August 10, 1942, and south of Ocean Avenue to at least Daly City after a 1956 excursion train.[15][22] Tracks had been taken up for scrap metal in World War II.[1] The Southern Freeway (Interstate 280) was constructed partially on the abandoned right-of-way between Glen Park and Daly City in the 1960s.[23][24] Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) opened its San Francisco line in 1973, paralleling I-280 between Glen Park and Daly City.[25]

Further southward extensions of BART were proposed to use more of the branch alignment.[26][27] Freight service on the Daly City–South San Francisco segment ended in 1978.[28] From 1984 to 1988, BART constructed an extension south from Daly City to a new yard at Colma, partially along the former right-of-way.[25] Tracks on Harrison as far as Treat were maintained until about 1990 when the Best Foods plant closed and demand plunged.[29] The Muni Metro J Church light rail line would be extended down San Jose Avenue through the Bernal Cut beginning in 1991.[20] Colma station was added to the BART system in 1996.[25] The 2003-opened extension to San Francisco International Airport and Millbrae was built in a tunnel under the abandoned right-of-way from Colma to San Bruno.[30]: 3.13–42  Some rails remained in place until construction began on the extension, while other sections had been sold to adjacent cemeteries.[31] The Centennial Way Trail opened in 2008 between South San Francisco station and San Bruno station. It uses the right-of-way of the Ocean View Branch and the parallel interurban.[32] Issues with right of way ownership of freight spurs along Harrison Street persisted into the late 2010s.[29][33]

References

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  1. ^ a b Kline, Douglas (October 1946). "Vanished Landmarks of San Francisco". Vol. 13, no. 10. San Francisco City-County Record. pp. 17, 30.
  2. ^ "The big cut through Bernal ... completed". cdnc.ucr.edu. Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 25, Number 3747, 26 March 1863. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
  3. ^ "Winter Arrangement". Daily Alta California. March 13, 1867. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  4. ^ Brandi, Richard; LaBounty, Woody. "San Francisco's Ocean View, Merced Heights, and Ingleside (OMI) Neighborhoods: 1862–1959" (PDF). San Francisco Historic Preservation Fund Committee. pp. 14–21, 24.
  5. ^ a b Brandi, Richard (June 1, 2008). "Searching for the "Lost" Southern Pacific Line". Paper Abstracts. Society for Industrial Archeology. p. 8.
  6. ^ "Two Tracks to San Jose". The Evening News. San Jose. May 4, 1900. p. 5.
  7. ^ Carlsson, Chris. "The Railroad Comes to SF?". Found SF. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
  8. ^ "Electric Cars to San Mateo". The San Francisco Examiner. January 1, 1903. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ a b Southern Pacific Peninsula Service (PDF). Southern Pacific Railroad. January 1913.
  10. ^ a b "Bay Shore Cut-off Will Open To-day". The San Francisco Examiner. December 8, 1907. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ^ "Guests Inspect the New Bay Shore Cutoff". The San Francisco Call and Post. December 8, 1907. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ Thompson, Gregory Lee (1993). The Passenger Train in the Motor Age: California's Rail and Bus Industries, 1910–1941. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press. p. 56. ISBN 0-8142-0609-3.
  13. ^ "Cutoff to Open on October 15th". Los Gatos Mail. September 12, 1907. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  14. ^ "S.P. To Build Electric Line". San Luis Obispo Daily Telegram. August 15, 1908. p. 1.
  15. ^ a b Rice, Walter; Echeverria, Emiliano (2002). When Steam Ran on the Streets of San Francisco. Harold E. Cox. pp. 61–70.
  16. ^ Form 2: Coast Line Time Tables (PDF). Southern Pacific Railroad. September 1923.
  17. ^ "Ocean View Train Suspension Approved". The San Francisco Examiner. March 19, 1930. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ^ "Railroad Commission State of California". The Recorder. October 26, 1928. p. 5 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Colma Railway Loss Protested By Supervisors". Times-Gazette. March 20, 1936. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ a b Smith, Emma Bland (2007). "Four: The Bernal Cut and San Jose Avenue". San Francisco's Glen Park and Diamond Heights. Arcadia Publishing. pp. 61–67. ISBN 9780738547510.
  21. ^ "Capp Street On High". Burrito Justice. March 15, 2010. Retrieved July 3, 2024.
  22. ^ "Special Train To Tour Area". The Berkeley Gazette. July 14, 1956. p. 16 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ Ayanian, Haig (July–August 1964). "New S.F. Freeway" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Division of Highways, Department of Public Works, State of California. pp. 9–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2016.
  24. ^ "Construction Progress" (PDF). California Highways and Public Works. Division of Highways, Department of Public Works, State of California. November–December 1964. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 26, 2016.
  25. ^ a b c "BART Chronology January 1947 – March 2009" (PDF). San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. March 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 13, 2013.
  26. ^ "Commuting At 75 MPH – New Plan". The San Francisco Examiner. December 18, 1959. pp. 1, 8 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ Kusserow, H.W. (February 3, 1971). "$89.4 Million To Run BART To San Bruno". The San Francisco Examiner. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ^ "[Untitled]" (PDF). News and Notes from the Colma Historical Association. No. 48. Colma Historical Association. August–October 1999. p. 4.
  29. ^ a b Creely, Elizabeth (December 27, 2017). "Parcel 36: the lot San Francisco's county, city and tax collector forgot". Mission Local. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
  30. ^ BART-San Francisco Airport Extension: Final Environmental Impact Report/Final Environmental Impact Statement (Report). Vol. I. Bay Area Rapid Transit District. June 1996.
  31. ^ Fredericks, Darold (June 3, 2013). "The History of BART on the Peninsula". San Mateo Daily Journal. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
  32. ^ "36 minutes in South San Francisco". San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District. June 10, 2024.
  33. ^ Creely, Elizabeth (February 12, 2019). "San Francisco sticks nonexistent company with tax bill for contested plot of Mission land". Mission Local. Retrieved November 19, 2024.
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