Behbud Khan Javanshir (Azerbaijani: Behbud xan Cavanşir Azad xan oğlu; 25 July 1878 – 18 July 1921) was an Azerbaijani politician, diplomat, Minister of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry.
Behbud Khan Javanshir Behbud xan Cavanşir | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Minister of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic | |
| In office June 17, 1918 – December 26, 1918 | |
| President | Alimardan Topchubashov (Chairman of Azerbaijani Parliament) |
| Preceded by | Fatali Khan Khoyski |
| Succeeded by | Khalil Bey Khasmammadov |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 25, 1877 Azad Qaraqoyunlu, Javanshir Uyezd, Elisabethpol Governorate |
| Died | July 18, 1921 (aged 43) Constantinople (now Istanbul), Ottoman Empire |
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Early life
editBehbud Khan Javanshir was born on July 25, 1878, in Azad Qaraqoyunlu village of Javanshir Uyezd of Elisabethpol Governorate. His father Azad Khan Javanshir was the great grandson of the founder of Karabakh Khanate Panah Ali Khan. From 1890 through 1898, he studied at Tiflis Realny School where he learned German. In 1902, Javanshir enrolled in Freiberg University of Mining and Technology, graduating cum laude in 1906. He then moved to London where he learned English.[1]
Upon his return to Azerbaijan in 1907, Javanshir started working as a senior engineer in the oil industry. According to archival documents, he was a member of the anti-government organization Difai along with Ahmad Bey Aghayev, Garay Bey Garaybeyov, Mammad Hasan Hajinski, Isa Bey Ashurbeyov and Niftali Bey Behbudov.
While travelling to Germany, Javanshir brought German wheat to Karabakh which was acclimatized by local farmers and is used today. He was also the first person to bring an automobile to Karabakh region at a time when roads were built.[1] After March massacres of 1918, Javanshir was a member of Azerbaijani-Armenian reconciliation commission.[2]
Political career
editOn June 17, 1918, Javanshir was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. On December 26, 1918, he was replaced by Khalil Bey Khasmammadov. Starting from October 6, 1918, as a deputy minister he was appointed acting Minister of Trade and Industry. Javanshir also served in the National Assembly of Azerbaijan.
After establishment of Soviet rule in Azerbaijan, with the assistance of Azerbaijani communist leader Nariman Narimanov, Javanshir was able to avoid imprisonment by the Bolsheviks and was assigned to work in Soviet oil fields in Baku. Due to his education in Germany, he was later assigned to represent the Soviet government first in Berlin, then from the summer of 1921 in Constantinople (now Istanbul), Ottoman Empire.[1]
Assassination
editJavanshir was assassinated on July 18, 1921 in Constantinople, near Pera Palace Hotel. The assassination was carried out by an Armenian, Misak Torlakian, in retaliation for Javanshir's role in the massacre of Armenians in Baku.[3] Torlakian was part of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation's "Operation Nemesis", and he was assisted by Ervand Fundukyan and (H)Arutiun (H)Arutunyan. A Dashnak officer who had known Javanshir from Baku recognized him. The plan was for Fundukyan and Arutunyan were to follow him, and Torlakian was to shoot him. Accompanied by his wife Tamara and brothers Jumshud and Surkhay, Javanshir was returning to the Pera Palace Hotel through the park after an evening at Tepebashi Theatre.[4] Torlakian shot Javanshir with a Mauser pistol, once in the head and twice in the chest. Javanshir was later pronounced dead in the hospital.[1] Torlakian was apprehended.[5] Javanshir's wife Tamara wrote a Letter to the Editor of Tribune Libre in Constantinople describing the situation. [6]
Court and sentencing
editWhen questioned by the police, Torlakian said the assassination was justified because of the killing of Armenians in Baku. He was "sued" by the British Military Tribunal. Torlakian's defense attorneys and an Armenian neurologist who examined him in prison claimed he had epileptic seizures due to "the emotional crises to which he is subject" making him "not responsible for his actions". But a Turkish doctor claimed that he had neither epilepsy nor any mental disorders.
In October 1921, the British tribunal issued a guilty verdict but ruled that Torlakian was not responsible for his actions due to his epilepsy. Torlakian left for Greece, where he was released and left for the United States.[5]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d "Difai Qəzeti. Behbud xan Cavanşir" [Difai Newspaper. Behbud Khan Javanshir]. 2011-01-04.[dead link]
- ^ "Biographies database. Behbud xan Cavanşir". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ Guliyev, Vilayet (1998). Ağolular. Baku. p. 153.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Tamara Javanshir's testimony at the trial of Misak Torlakian, who assassinated her husband Behbud Javanshir. Vartkes and Ara Arabyan Yeghiayan, The Case of Misak Torlakian (Glendale, California: Center for Armenian Remembrance, 2006), p. 6.
- ^ a b Derogy, Jacques (1990). Resistance and Revenge: the Armenian Assassination of the Turkish leaders. United States: Transaction Publishers. pp. 120–121. ISBN 0-88738-338-6. Retrieved 2011-01-04.
- ^ The Orient Express by John Dos Passos (Jonathan Cape and Harrison Smith, New York, 1922), p. 18.
Further reading
edit- Yeghiayan, Vartkes and Ara Arabyan. The Case of Misak Torlakian. Center for Armenian Remembrance, 2006. ISBN 0-9777153-0-2.
- Letter published in French newspaper in Istanbul by Behbud Javanshir's wife Tamara Javanshir and reprinted in John Dos Passos's book The Orient Express in a chapter entitled "Constantinople, July 1921: Assassination" (New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1927), pp. 14–16.
- The account of American writer John Dos Passos account of the event as a witness of the commotion of the murder at Pera Palace Hotel, Istanbul, on July 18, 1921. Dos Passos was staying at Pera Palace Hotel. See John Dos Passos's book, The Orient Express, Chapter 2: "Constantinople, July 1921: Assassination" (New York and London: Harper & Brothers, 1927), page 9.