Basil Al Kubaisi (Arabic: باسل الكبيسي; 1934 – 6 April 1973) was an Iraqi nationalist activist and academic who was assassinated by the Mossad agents in Paris on 6 April 1973. He was one of the members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).
Basil Al Kubaisi | |
|---|---|
| Born | Basil Raouf Al Kubaisi 1934 |
| Died | 6 April 1973 (aged 38–39) Paris, France |
| Cause of death | Assassination |
| Burial place | Baghdad, Iraq |
| Alma mater | |
| Occupation | Academic |
| Spouse | Nadia Al Khudairi |
| Children | 3 |
| Academic background | |
| Thesis | Arab Nationalist Movement 1951-1971: From Pressure Group to Socialist Party (1971) |
| Academic work | |
| Discipline | Political science |
| Institutions | |
Early life and education
editAl Kubaisi was born in Baghdad in 1934.[1] He hailed from an affluent Sunni Muslim family.[2] His father, Raouf Al Kubaisi, worked for Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz and held several posts in Iraq, including the governor of Basra.[1]
Basil was educated in Baghdad. He attended the American University of Beirut (AUB) until 1954 when he was expelled from the university due to his nationalist activities.[3] While attending the AUB he met with George Habash, future leader of the PFLP.[2] Al Kubaisi continued his university studies in the USA where he received a degree in political sciences from Adams State University, Colorado, in 1956.[1][4]
Al Kubaisi held a master's degree from the Howard University in Washington, D.C. in 1966.[4][5] His MA thesis was entitled The Algerian Front de Liberation (F.L.N.), 1954-1964: From Liberation Movement to Political Party.[5]
Al Kubaisi received his PhD from the American University, Washington, D.C., in 1971.[4][6] His doctoral thesis was entitled Arab Nationalist Movement 1951-1971: From Pressure Group to Socialist Party.[7] While making interviews to gather data for his study Al Kubaisi also met an American agent Robert Ames in Aden, Yemen.[2]
His PhD thesis was translated into Arabic by Al Kubaisi's wife in 1973 and was published by the Beirut-based Dar Al 'Awda and Majallat Al Hadaf with the title Harakat al Qawmiyyin al Arab (Arabic: The Arab Nationalist Movement).[8] It was later republished by the Arab Research Foundation in 1985 with the same title.[9]
Career and activities
editFollowing his graduation in 1955 Al Kubaisi returned to Iraq and became a member of the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM).[3][10] He was appointed director of the Office of the Iraqi Foreign Minister in 1956.[3] He was arrested and detained in March 1958 due to his involvement in the attack against the Jordanian delegation in Baghdad.[3] The Jordanians were in Baghdad as part of the negotiations to declare the Hashemite Union.[3] Al Kubaisi also attempted to assassinate King Faisal of Iraq in the same incident.[11] He was released from prison soon after the regime change in July 1958 which overthrew the Iraqi monarchy. He was again arrested by the new regime due to his ANM activities.[3]
After his release from prison Al Kubaisi left Iraq and settled in Beirut.[12] He became a member of the PFLP in 1967 when the organization was established.[7] He was mainly involved in logistics activities in the group.[13]
Al Kubaisi worked as a faculty member at the American University of Beirut. Then he joined the University of Calgary, Canada, in 1969 where he worked until his assassination in 1972.[3]
Assassination
editIsrael initiated attacks against leading Arab figures after the killing of Israeli Olympic team members by the Black September Organization in Munich in September 1972.[14][15] Al Kubaisi was on the assassination list of the Mossad's Committee X, and they claimed that although he was not related to the Munich attack, he was a member of the PFLP which had been involved in various terrorist attacks against Israelis.[16] On the other hand, it was argued by the Mossad that Al Kubaisi helped the Black September Organization in terms of logistics and communications in Europe.[11] However, both Aaron J. Klein and George Jonas who published books in 2005 on the Munich attack openly stated that there was no connection between Al Kubaisi and the Black September Organization and that he did not have any role in the attack.[17]
Al Kubaisi was shot to death by two Mossad agents near his hotel on Paris's Chauveau Lagarde street on 6 April 1973.[16][18] The perpetrators were part of the Caesarea group within the Mossad.[12] They gunned down him nine times using a silenced Baretta pistol, and he died instantly.[16]
Al Kubaisi was buried in Baghdad after a funeral ceremony attended by many Iraqi and Palestinian officials.[1]
Aftermath
editImmediately after the assassination the Iraqi embassy in Paris announced that it was "a terrorist act by Israeli secret agents."[18][19] A Palestinian news agency reported that he was “on a mission” for the PFLP in Paris.[18][19] His doctoral thesis was published in the PFLP's media organ Al-Hadaf magazine on 14 September 1974.[7][20] The magazine also published an obituary where Al Kubaisi was described as an "important ANM and PFLP member."[7]
Personal life
editAl Kubaisi was married to Nadra Al Khudairi who held a PhD in English literature and was a member of a well-known Baghdadi family.[1] They had three sons, Ahmed, Yasser and Yaarub. His wife and children were killed in a plane crash in Syria in 1974.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f "الشهيدان (يونس عواد) و باسل رؤوف الكبيسي". Amad (in Arabic). 6 April 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Kai Bird (2014). The Good Spy: The Life and Death of Robert Ames. New York: Crown. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-307-88977-5.
- ^ a b c d e f g "44 عاماً على اغتيال المناضل باسل الكبيسي". Al Quds (in Arabic). 6 April 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Rona B. Hitlin (1972). "Doctoral Dissertations in Political Science, 1972". PS. 5 (4): 559. JSTOR 418512.
- ^ a b Peter C. Garlick (1968). "Theses on Africa Accepted by Howard University Washington, D. C.". African Studies Bulletin. 11 (3): 260. doi:10.2307/523094. JSTOR 523094.
- ^ Basil Raouf Al Kubaisi (1971). Arab Nationalist Movement 1951-1971: From Pressure Group to Socialist Party' (PhD thesis). American University. ISBN 9781083401250. ProQuest 288010137.
- ^ a b c d Harold M. Cubert (2014). The PFLP's Changing Role in the Middle East. London; New York: Routledge. p. 68. ISBN 978-1-135-22029-7.
- ^ As'ad AbuKhalil (1999). "George Habash and the Movement of Arab Nationalists: Neither Unity nor Liberation". Journal of Palestine Studies. 28 (4): 101. doi:10.2307/2538395. JSTOR 2538395.
- ^ Yezid Sayigh (Autumn 1991). "Reconstructing the Paradox: The Arab Nationalist Movement, Armed Struggle, and Palestine, 1951-1966". The Middle East Journal. 45 (4): 608–629. JSTOR 4328352.
- ^ Mai Al Bzour (2015). "The Palestinian leftist movement: between political reality and cultural heritage". Contemporary Arab Affairs. 8 (3): 342. doi:10.1080/17550912.2015.1055896.
- ^ a b Benjamin A. Dawson (June 2013). Manhunts: A Policy Makers Guide to High-Value Targeting (MA thesis). Naval Postgraduate School. p. 46.
- ^ a b Aaron J. Klein (2005). Striking back: The 1972 Munich Olympics Massacre and Israel's deadly response. New York: Random House. pp. 77–78. ISBN 9781400064274.
- ^ Mark Ensalaco (2008). Middle Eastern Terrorism: From Black September to September 11. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-0-8122-4046-7. JSTOR j.ctt3fhmb0.
- ^ Erica Pearson (26 June 2014). "Israeli Assassination Campaign & Retaliation. Operation Wrath of God". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ "Israeli confirms assassinations of Munich massacre plotters". The Washington Post. 24 November 1993. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ a b c Avery Plaw (2008). Targeting Terrorists: A License to Kill?. Aldershot; Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-7546-4526-9.
- ^ Michael Rubner (2006). "Book review". Middle East Policy.
- ^ a b c "Iraqi, on a Guerrilla 'Mission' Shot and Killed in Paris Street". The New York Times. 7 April 1973. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
- ^ a b "Chronology February 16, 1973-May 15, 1973". The Middle East Journal. 27 (3): 355. 1973. JSTOR 4325101.
- ^ Muhammad Y. Muslih (1976). "Moderates and Rejectionists within the Palestine Liberation Organization". The Middle East Journal. 30 (2): 138. JSTOR 4325481.