Barumun River is a Sumatran river that begins in Siraisan, Padang Lawas Regency in the southeastern North Sumatra, Indonesia, about 1,200 km northwest of the capital Jakarta.[3][4]
| Barumun Sungai Barumun, Aek Baroemoen | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Location of river mouth  Barumun River (Indonesia) | |
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Siraisan, Padang Lawas, North Sumatra |
| • elevation | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) |
| Mouth | |
• location | Malacca Strait |
• elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Length | 440 km (270 mi) |
| Basin size | 13,383.86 km2 (5,167.54 sq mi)[1] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Near mouth |
| • average | (Period: 2003–2015)544.1 m3/s (19,210 cu ft/s)[2] (Period: 2006–2010)824.45 m3/s (29,115 cu ft/s) |
| Basin features | |
| River system | Barumun River |
Hydrology
editThe river flows northward through North Padang Lawas, South and Labuhan Batu Regency before reaching Sumatra's east coast with its estuary in Malacca Strait.
The largest city on the Barumun is Kotapinang, in South Labuhan Batu Regency, with a population of 68,943 people in mid 2023. While the largest city in the Barumun River basin is Rantau Prapat (in Labuhan Batu Regency), which is located on the Bilah tributary with a population of 177,912 people in mid 2023. It is the largest river in Sumatra with a length of about 440 km.
Tributaries include the Bilah, Kanan, Batang Pane, Sihapas and Aek Sangkilon. All tributaries of Barumun River are sourced from mountainous areas along Barisan Mountains.
Geography
editThe river flows in the northern area of Sumatra with predominantly tropical rainforest climate (designated as Af in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).[5] The annual average temperature in the area is 23 °C. The warmest month is May, when the average temperature is around 25 °C, and the coldest is January, at 22 °C.[6] The average annual rainfall is 2801 mm. The wettest month is November, with an average of 381 mm rainfall, and the driest is March, with 126 mm rainfall.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Sumatra".
- ^ Radhika, Radhika; Firmansyah, Rendy; Hatmoko, Waluyo (Nov 2017). "Computation of surface water availability in Indonesia based on satellite data". Jurnal Sumber Daya Air. 13 (2): 115–130. doi:10.32679/jsda.v13i2.206.
- ^ Rand McNally, The New International Atlas, 1993.
- ^ Sungai Barumun at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2013-06-04; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27
- ^ Peel, M C; Finlayson, B L; McMahon, T A (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 11 (5): 1633–1644. Bibcode:2007HESS...11.1633P. doi:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
- ^ "NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index". NASA. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 28 November 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
- ^ "NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)". NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission. 30 January 2016. Archived from the original on 9 October 2016. Retrieved 9 January 2019.