The Ayyubid watchtower is a stone tower dating back to the Ayyubid period (c. 1170-1250), more specifically in the year 1220, on the southern wall of the Amman Citadel in the center of the Jordanian capital, Amman. It is located in an area adjacent to the much older Temple of Hercules. It also contains traces of other civilizations that have succeeded in the city for thousands of years.[1][2]
Description
editThe Ayyubids, who excelled in military architecture, constructed this tower for observation, as it overlooks the center of Amman. It consists of a small room of 9.45 m in length and 7.55 m in width. There are openings in three of its walls for shooting arrows. The fourth wall has, built into its width, a staircase leading to the roof. Blocks of cylindrical columns, which used to be a part of the Roman temple of Hercules, were used on the southern façade.[clarification needed]
It is noteworthy that the Jordanian Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities restored the building in the early 1990s, and turned to its present form[clarification needed].[3]
History
editCrusader presence on the Citadel Hill during the Kingdom of Jerusalem is so far based only on interpretations of Crusader sources. William of Tyre writes that in 1161 Philip of Milly received the castle of "Ahamant", seen to refer to Amman, as part of the lordship of Oultrejordain.[4] In 1166 Philip joined the Knights Templar, passing on to them a large part of his fief, including the castle of Ahamant[5] or "Haman", as it is named in a deed of confirmation.[6] By 1170, Amman was in Ayyubid hands.[7]
he remains of the watch tower on Citadel Hill were at first attributed to the Crusaders, but are now preferentially dated to the Ayyubid period, leaving it to further research to find the location of the Crusader castle.[6]
See also
edit- Kingdom of Jerusalem, Crusader kingdom in the Holy Land
- Oultrejourdain, Crusader lordship east of the Jordan River
References
edit- ^ Milwright, Marcus (Apr 2006). "Central and Southern Jordan in the Ayyubid Period: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 16 (1): 1–27. JSTOR 25188591.
- ^ Bikai, Patricia M.; Egan, Virginia (Jul 1997). "Archaeology in Jordan". American Journal of Archaeology. 101 (3): 493–535. doi:10.2307/507108. JSTOR 507108. S2CID 245265360.
- ^ "Things to do in Amman, Jordan (before a more epic adventure)". MIDDLE EAST. 2019-04-03.
- ^ Barber, Malcolm (2003) "The career of Philip of Nablus in the kingdom of Jerusalem", in The Experience of Crusading, vol. 2: Defining the Crusader Kingdom, eds. Peter Edbury and Jonathan Phillips, Cambridge University Press
- ^ Barber, Malcolm (2012). The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple. Cambridge University Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-107-60473-5. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
- ^ a b Denys Pringle (2009). 'Amman (P4). Cambridge University Press. pp. 112–113. ISBN 9780521102636. Archived from the original on 18 May 2020. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Johns, Jeremy (1994). "The Long Durée: State and Settlement Strategies in Southern Transjordan across the Islamic Centuries". In Rogan, Eugene L.; Tell, Tariq (eds.). Village, Steppe and State: The Social Origins of Modern Jordan. London: British Academic Press. p. 12. ISBN 9781850438298. Archived from the original on 2 January 2017. Retrieved 7 September 2016.