Aviv (Hebrew: אביב) means "spring (season)" in Hebrew.[1] Aviv is the first month of the year in the Pentateuch,[2] and is later called Nisan in the book of Esther[3] and in subsequent post-exilic history up to the present day. These names are sometimes used interchangeably, although Aviv refers to the three-month season, and Nisan is called the "first month of Aviv." Aviv is also used as a given name, surname, and place name, as in Tel Aviv.
Meanings
edit- The basic meaning of the word aviv is the stage in the growth of grain when the seeds have reached full size and are filled with starch, but have not dried yet. During the plague of hail (Exodus 9:31), the barley was said to be [in the] aviv [stage] and the flax [in the] giv`ol. This resulted in their destruction.
- The month in the Hebrew calendar when the barley has reached or passed this stage is called Aviv, or the "month of the aviv".[4] This month is considered the first month of the ecclesiastical civil year (see Hebrew calendar#Months).[5] It begins about the time of the March equinox (March 21). Since the Babylonian captivity, this month has mainly been called Nisan.[6] On the “day after the Shabbat” (the 16th of the month of Nissan according to the rabbis, and the first Sunday of Passover according to the Karaites[7]), the harvest was begun by gathering a sheaf of barley for the Omer offering,[8]
- Abib or Aviv may also be the same star as Spica, the ear of grain in the constellation Virgo/Virgin/Woman.
- "Aviv" in modern Hebrew accordingly also means spring, one of the four seasons. Thus the major modern Israeli city of Tel Aviv means "Spring Hill".[9]
- Since Passover is always celebrated on 15–21 (or 22 outside Israel) Nisan, near the beginning of spring, "Holiday of Aviv". Pesach or Passover is always on the 14th of Nisan. The first day of Chag ha Matzot or the Feast of Unleavened Bread is always the day after that, the 15th of Nisan.[10] Hebrew: חג האביב, romanized: Chag Ha'Aviv is an additional name for Passover.
As a name
editAviv is a Hebrew male and female name. The feminine version of the name is Aviva.[11] Aviv is also an old and uncommon[11] Russian Christian male given name "Ави́в" (Aviv), that possibly borrowed from Biblical Hebrew, where it derived from the word abīb, meaning an ear or a time of year where grains come into ear,[12] also known as "Aviv" (or Nisan—the first month of the Hebrew calendar).[13] The diminutives of "Aviv" in Russian are Aviva (Ави́ва) and Viva (Ви́ва).[11] The patronymics derived from "Aviv" are "Ави́вович" (Avivovich; masculine) and "Ави́вовна" (Avivovna; feminine).[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "מילון מורפיקס | אביב באנגלית | פירוש אביב בעברית". www.morfix.co.il. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
- ^ "Exodus 13:4". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
- ^ "Esther 3:7". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2024-08-01.
- ^ Exodus 13:4; 23:15
- ^ Exodus 12:1–2
- ^ E.g. Nehemiah 2:1, Esther 3:7
- ^ "On This Very Day | Karaite Insights | Karaites & Karaism". www.karaiteinsights.com. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
- ^ Lev 23:4–11
- ^ "From Spring Hill to Independence". Archived from the original on 2016-04-22. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
- ^ Leviticus 23:5,6
- ^ a b c d Н. А. Петровский (N. A. Petrovsky). "Словарь русских личных имён" (Dictionary of Russian First Names). ООО Издательство "АСТ". Москва, 2005. ISBN 5-17-002940-3, p. 34
- ^ А. В. Суперанская (A. V. Superanskaya). "Современный словарь личных имён: Сравнение. Происхождение. Написание" (Modern Dictionary of First Names: Comparison. Origins. Spelling). Айрис-пресс. Москва, 2005. ISBN 5-8112-1399-9, p. 22
- ^ А. В. Суперанская (A. V. Superanskaya). "Словарь русских имён" (Dictionary of Russian Names). Издательство Эксмо. Москва, 2005. ISBN 5-699-14090-5, p. 32
External links
edit- Abib of God
- A look at ancient Israel and the harvest cycles related to the abib barley.
- Abib (Barley) in the Hebrew Bible: a description of the importance of aviv in the Karaite calendar by the World Karaite Movement
- 2011 Aviv Report (Update to that entry, showing pictures of aviv barley and how to distinguish wheat from barley): Aviv Reports added Annually
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)
